how many words should a creative writing be

What Is Creative Writing? (Ultimate Guide + 20 Examples)

Creative writing begins with a blank page and the courage to fill it with the stories only you can tell.

I face this intimidating blank page daily–and I have for the better part of 20+ years.

In this guide, you’ll learn all the ins and outs of creative writing with tons of examples.

What Is Creative Writing (Long Description)?

Creative Writing is the art of using words to express ideas and emotions in imaginative ways. It encompasses various forms including novels, poetry, and plays, focusing on narrative craft, character development, and the use of literary tropes.

Table of Contents

Let’s expand on that definition a bit.

Creative writing is an art form that transcends traditional literature boundaries.

It includes professional, journalistic, academic, and technical writing. This type of writing emphasizes narrative craft, character development, and literary tropes. It also explores poetry and poetics traditions.

In essence, creative writing lets you express ideas and emotions uniquely and imaginatively.

It’s about the freedom to invent worlds, characters, and stories. These creations evoke a spectrum of emotions in readers.

Creative writing covers fiction, poetry, and everything in between.

It allows writers to express inner thoughts and feelings. Often, it reflects human experiences through a fabricated lens.

Types of Creative Writing

There are many types of creative writing that we need to explain.

Some of the most common types:

• Short stories
• Screenplays
• Flash fiction
• Creative Nonfiction

Short Stories (The Brief Escape)

Short stories are like narrative treasures.

They are compact but impactful, telling a full story within a limited word count. These tales often focus on a single character or a crucial moment.

Short stories are known for their brevity.

They deliver emotion and insight in a concise yet powerful package. This format is ideal for exploring diverse genres, themes, and characters. It leaves a lasting impression on readers.

Example: Emma discovers an old photo of her smiling grandmother. It’s a rarity. Through flashbacks, Emma learns about her grandmother’s wartime love story. She comes to understand her grandmother’s resilience and the value of joy.

Novels (The Long Journey)

Novels are extensive explorations of character, plot, and setting.

They span thousands of words, giving writers the space to create entire worlds. Novels can weave complex stories across various themes and timelines.

The length of a novel allows for deep narrative and character development.

Readers get an immersive experience.

Example: Across the Divide tells of two siblings separated in childhood. They grow up in different cultures. Their reunion highlights the strength of family bonds, despite distance and differences.

Poetry (The Soul’s Language)

Poetry expresses ideas and emotions through rhythm, sound, and word beauty.

It distills emotions and thoughts into verses. Poetry often uses metaphors, similes, and figurative language to reach the reader’s heart and mind.

Poetry ranges from structured forms, like sonnets, to free verse.

The latter breaks away from traditional formats for more expressive thought.

Example: Whispers of Dawn is a poem collection capturing morning’s quiet moments. “First Light” personifies dawn as a painter. It brings colors of hope and renewal to the world.

Plays (The Dramatic Dialogue)

Plays are meant for performance. They bring characters and conflicts to life through dialogue and action.

This format uniquely explores human relationships and societal issues.

Playwrights face the challenge of conveying setting, emotion, and plot through dialogue and directions.

Example: Echoes of Tomorrow is set in a dystopian future. Memories can be bought and sold. It follows siblings on a quest to retrieve their stolen memories. They learn the cost of living in a world where the past has a price.

Screenplays (Cinema’s Blueprint)

Screenplays outline narratives for films and TV shows.

They require an understanding of visual storytelling, pacing, and dialogue. Screenplays must fit film production constraints.

Example: The Last Light is a screenplay for a sci-fi film. Humanity’s survivors on a dying Earth seek a new planet. The story focuses on spacecraft Argo’s crew as they face mission challenges and internal dynamics.

Memoirs (The Personal Journey)

Memoirs provide insight into an author’s life, focusing on personal experiences and emotional journeys.

They differ from autobiographies by concentrating on specific themes or events.

Memoirs invite readers into the author’s world.

They share lessons learned and hardships overcome.

Example: Under the Mango Tree is a memoir by Maria Gomez. It shares her childhood memories in rural Colombia. The mango tree in their yard symbolizes home, growth, and nostalgia. Maria reflects on her journey to a new life in America.

Flash Fiction (The Quick Twist)

Flash fiction tells stories in under 1,000 words.

It’s about crafting compelling narratives concisely. Each word in flash fiction must count, often leading to a twist.

This format captures life’s vivid moments, delivering quick, impactful insights.

Example: The Last Message features an astronaut’s final Earth message as her spacecraft drifts away. In 500 words, it explores isolation, hope, and the desire to connect against all odds.

Creative Nonfiction (The Factual Tale)

Creative nonfiction combines factual accuracy with creative storytelling.

This genre covers real events, people, and places with a twist. It uses descriptive language and narrative arcs to make true stories engaging.

Creative nonfiction includes biographies, essays, and travelogues.

Example: Echoes of Everest follows the author’s Mount Everest climb. It mixes factual details with personal reflections and the history of past climbers. The narrative captures the climb’s beauty and challenges, offering an immersive experience.

Fantasy (The World Beyond)

Fantasy transports readers to magical and mythical worlds.

It explores themes like good vs. evil and heroism in unreal settings. Fantasy requires careful world-building to create believable yet fantastic realms.

Example: The Crystal of Azmar tells of a young girl destined to save her world from darkness. She learns she’s the last sorceress in a forgotten lineage. Her journey involves mastering powers, forming alliances, and uncovering ancient kingdom myths.

Science Fiction (The Future Imagined)

Science fiction delves into futuristic and scientific themes.

It questions the impact of advancements on society and individuals.

Science fiction ranges from speculative to hard sci-fi, focusing on plausible futures.

Example: When the Stars Whisper is set in a future where humanity communicates with distant galaxies. It centers on a scientist who finds an alien message. This discovery prompts a deep look at humanity’s universe role and interstellar communication.

Watch this great video that explores the question, “What is creative writing?” and “How to get started?”:

What Are the 5 Cs of Creative Writing?

The 5 Cs of creative writing are fundamental pillars.

They guide writers to produce compelling and impactful work. These principles—Clarity, Coherence, Conciseness, Creativity, and Consistency—help craft stories that engage and entertain.

They also resonate deeply with readers. Let’s explore each of these critical components.

Clarity makes your writing understandable and accessible.

It involves choosing the right words and constructing clear sentences. Your narrative should be easy to follow.

In creative writing, clarity means conveying complex ideas in a digestible and enjoyable way.

Coherence ensures your writing flows logically.

It’s crucial for maintaining the reader’s interest. Characters should develop believably, and plots should progress logically. This makes the narrative feel cohesive.

Conciseness

Conciseness is about expressing ideas succinctly.

It’s being economical with words and avoiding redundancy. This principle helps maintain pace and tension, engaging readers throughout the story.

Creativity is the heart of creative writing.

It allows writers to invent new worlds and create memorable characters. Creativity involves originality and imagination. It’s seeing the world in unique ways and sharing that vision.

Consistency

Consistency maintains a uniform tone, style, and voice.

It means being faithful to the world you’ve created. Characters should act true to their development. This builds trust with readers, making your story immersive and believable.

Is Creative Writing Easy?

Creative writing is both rewarding and challenging.

Crafting stories from your imagination involves more than just words on a page. It requires discipline and a deep understanding of language and narrative structure.

Exploring complex characters and themes is also key.

Refining and revising your work is crucial for developing your voice.

The ease of creative writing varies. Some find the freedom of expression liberating.

Others struggle with writer’s block or plot development challenges. However, practice and feedback make creative writing more fulfilling.

What Does a Creative Writer Do?

A creative writer weaves narratives that entertain, enlighten, and inspire.

Writers explore both the world they create and the emotions they wish to evoke. Their tasks are diverse, involving more than just writing.

Creative writers develop ideas, research, and plan their stories.

They create characters and outline plots with attention to detail. Drafting and revising their work is a significant part of their process. They strive for the 5 Cs of compelling writing.

Writers engage with the literary community, seeking feedback and participating in workshops.

They may navigate the publishing world with agents and editors.

Creative writers are storytellers, craftsmen, and artists. They bring narratives to life, enriching our lives and expanding our imaginations.

How to Get Started With Creative Writing?

Embarking on a creative writing journey can feel like standing at the edge of a vast and mysterious forest.

The path is not always clear, but the adventure is calling.

Here’s how to take your first steps into the world of creative writing:

• Find a time of day when your mind is most alert and creative.
• Create a comfortable writing space free from distractions.
• Use prompts to spark your imagination. They can be as simple as a word, a phrase, or an image.
• Try writing for 15-20 minutes on a prompt without editing yourself. Let the ideas flow freely.
• Reading is fuel for your writing. Explore various genres and styles.
• Pay attention to how your favorite authors construct their sentences, develop characters, and build their worlds.
• Don’t pressure yourself to write a novel right away. Begin with short stories or poems.
• Small projects can help you hone your skills and boost your confidence.
• Look for writing groups in your area or online. These communities offer support, feedback, and motivation.
• Participating in workshops or classes can also provide valuable insights into your writing.
• Understand that your first draft is just the beginning. Revising your work is where the real magic happens.
• Be open to feedback and willing to rework your pieces.
• Carry a notebook or digital recorder to jot down ideas, observations, and snippets of conversations.
• These notes can be gold mines for future writing projects.

Final Thoughts: What Is Creative Writing?

Creative writing is an invitation to explore the unknown, to give voice to the silenced, and to celebrate the human spirit in all its forms.

Check out these creative writing tools (that I highly recommend):

Read This Next:

• What Is a Prompt in Writing? (Ultimate Guide + 200 Examples)
• What Is A Personal Account In Writing? (47 Examples)
• How To Write A Fantasy Short Story (Ultimate Guide + Examples)
• How To Write A Fantasy Romance Novel [21 Tips + Examples)

How Long Should Your Book Be? A Word Count Guide to Getting Published

Author: Natalie Harris-Spencer Updated: July 25, 2023

How long should your book be? Does it even matter? Isn’t the art as long as the art needs to be for you to tell your story? Book length is a technical question a world away from the craft , but yes, having a word count guide absolutely matters—even at the earliest stages of drafting your novel. A draft becomes a manuscript, which quickly becomes something to send to literary agents and then editors , and then suddenly, voila! It becomes a book. And a book is a product, and every page is a dollar amount and a time value investment to publishers . If you’re coming in way under or over, publishers won’t want to invest in your product. See why it matters to consider word count at the early stages, and to move away from thinking about book length in terms of “art”?

Of course, there are exceptions to every rule (more below), but publishing has standards which you should meet if you expect to be taken seriously as a professional author. Otherwise, it just screams maverick, lazy, or obtuse. As mentioned several times on Aspiring Author , publishing is a business, with rules to follow. If you submit a 30,000 or 130,000-word manuscript to an agent or publisher when the sweet spot is 80,000 words, you’re giving them a very easy reason to simply pass on your work (perhaps without even reading it).

When should you start thinking about your word count?

Don’t worry too much about word count before you have a first draft, otherwise you might get tripped up or get writer’s block. However, once you have that draft in your hands, now is the time! There’s no exact science behind the word count, but there is a sweet spot, which can vary by genre .  If you’re a couple of thousand words over: no big deal. Any more than 5,000 over or under, then it’s time to do some work. And if you’re way under or over, then something’s gone seriously wrong (see below for how to address). Additionally, as readers we have certain expectations—you might balk at reading a 100,000-word picture book (unless perhaps it was an adult graphic novel). You certainly wouldn’t buy it. Check out our word count guide to getting published below.

The sweet spot

When drafting your adult fiction manuscript, aim for 80,000 words. My first drafts tend to be around the 60,000-word mark, and then grow longer with each edit. I also know of writers whose first drafts go way over, after which they have some serious cutting to do. Let the warning bells sound at 90,000. Do not go over 100,000. This is the sweet spot for standard adult novels for a very good reason. That’s around 250-350 double-spaced, typed pages (which equates to about the same when printed, depending on font choice, font size, and whether the book is published in paperback, hardcover, or digitally). Studies have shown readers are most comfortable with this number of pages for a standard fiction book. So keep that 80,000 words echoing in your head like a mantra.

Word count guide for debut authors

If you’re a debut author , you should follow the sweet spot recommendation above especially closely. Ever notice how the first Harry Potter was considerably slimmer than those that followed? That’s because even J.K. Rowling was a debut author once, and publishers are less likely to publish a longer book written by an unestablished author. However, even Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone was much longer than a standard middle grade book, at 79,000 words. Again, there are always exceptions to every rule.

Word count guide for novellas

Novellas fall somewhere between a short story and a novel and can range from 10,000 to 40,000 words. However, novellas are notoriously difficult to sell, which is why publishers buy far fewer novellas than novels. Unless you’ve been published by The New Yorker or are very well known, it’s highly unlikely you’ll get a debut book deal with a novella.

Word count guide for longer fiction

Despite the sweet spot argument above, audiences are still buying and reading very long books. Look at George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire series , for example. When there’s hype or buzz around a series, publishers are willing to gamble on a longer tome. However, you have to prove yourself first, and you probably can’t do that if you’re a debut author . For anything else in adult fiction (that isn’t fantasy), agents and publishers might be concerned about the effort involved in editing such a meaty manuscript, or they might find a problem with the pacing, or exposition, or they simply might prefer to push a shorter, more marketable book out on to the shelves. There’s an inherent risk in writing longer fiction—this doesn’t mean you shouldn’t, just that you should be wary.

Word count guide for shorter fiction and children’s books

• Picture books: 100-600 words; no more than 1,000 words
• Chapter books: (five-to-nine-year-olds): 4,000-20,000 words, with word count scaling by age
• Middle grade books (for eight-to-twelve-year-olds): 30,000-50,000 words, with word count scaling by age
• Young adult, or YA novels: 40,000-80,000 words, with YA fantasy at the top of the scale
• Graphic novels: 20,000-75,000 words

Word counts by genre

Fantasy, sci-fi, and the historical fiction genres can get away with more words due to the extensive world building involved. It’s acceptable to go up to 125,000 words in these genres (with plenty of bestseller authors going way over). However, debut authors should exercise caution and still consider keeping things to the 100,000-word mark, just at least while you’re querying literary agents or while your book is out on submission . Always err on the side of caution. Check out the word count guidelines per genre below:

• Commercial fiction: 70,000-100,000 words, with the sweet spot at 80,000
• Historical fiction: 80,000-110,000 words; absolute maximum is 125,000 words
• Literary fiction: 55,0000-100,000 words; the lower end will be a trickier sell
• Memoir and narrative non-fiction: 70,000-90,000 words
• Non-fiction (how-tos, self-help, and business): 50,000-70,000
• Romance: 50,000-100,000 words, with category romance on the lower end
• Science fiction and fantasy: 90,000-110,000; absolute maximum is 125,000 words
• Thriller and psychological suspense : 70,000-90,000 words, with the sweet spot at 80,000
• Women’s and upmarket fiction: 80,000-100,000 words

How long should your book be: Final thoughts

These are just guidelines intended to increase your success rate of getting published. There are always exceptions to the rules. However, if your manuscript falls way under or way over these brackets, it might be worth going back to your story’s structure, world building, and pace. Yes, you’re trying to get a book deal , but you’re also writing something that connects with your audience and conforms to their expectations. This is where the art and the product coalesce.

Recommended reading

Here at Aspiring Author , we love recommending bestsellers and fawning over hot new releases. On this real time recommended reading list, you will find a list of top rated books on the publishing industry, craft, and other books to help you elevate your writing career.

Strong Verbs: Perception: The Writer's Handbook Series

Charlie N. Holmberg's Book of Magic

My First Book of Patterns: Pencil Control

The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst

The Bucket List: 1000 Adventures Big & Small (Bucket Lists)

About the author.

Natalie Harris-Spencer

Related articles.

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Should You Go with an Indie Publisher?

1 thought on “how long should your book be a word count guide to getting published”.

I wrote my biography in 22,000 words, it covers 83 years of my life. It is easy, fun and interesing to read. Is there a market for someting short and sweet to resd?

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Optimal Word Count for a Novel Manuscript

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Ideal Paragraph Length

By Pratima Gopalakrishnan

Whether you are writing for school or for work or for leisure, you will face constant decisions about paragraph lengths. How many sentences are in a paragraph? Should paragraphs be one sentence long or eight sentences? Should they be 50 words long, or 500 words long?

If you are asking yourself these questions, you are thinking like a writer! Writers care about paragraph length because paragraphs are crucial to how readers will understand your work. Think about a time that you read a really dense book and came across a paragraph that took up most of the page. It may have made the paragraph more difficult to understand. But when written with skill, a long paragraph can also effectively convey a stream of consciousness – as in William Faulkner’s 1,288-word whopper of a paragraph from Absalom, Absalom!

Now think of a time when you read a book with a series of short paragraphs, maybe just 1-2 sentences. Sometimes short paragraphs can be more effective at conveying a sense of building suspense.

When you hit the sweet spot of paragraph length, you can transform the reader’s experience. Bite-size paragraphs of just the right length can make your writing un-putdownable. As a reader, you think, “Just one more paragraph!” and before you know it you have finished a chapter – or three.

How to Write a Paragraph People Want to Read

How do i vary paragraph length, how do i choose the right paragraph length, what are the rules about paragraph length, paragraph length: final thoughts.

Here are some tips for thinking about paragraph length in your next essay, story, or novel. There is no one-size-fits-all rule when it comes to deciding how many sentences or words a paragraph should contain, but the following guidelines will empower you to make bold and well-reasoned choices.

How can I make a paragraph stronger?

You may have heard the advice that you should aim for one idea per paragraph. This may sound easier said than done! How do you know what counts as a single idea? How do you decide where to stop one paragraph and start the next one?

Deciding how to structure your paragraphs is a process that will take lots of trial and error. This is why editing and re-editing your writing is crucial for getting the paragraph lengths exactly right.

How do I edit my paragraphs?

When you are writing a first draft, focus on getting your ideas out on paper. In your first draft, it is quite natural to have paragraphs that touch on several different ideas, images, and actions that may not seem connected to one another. That’s OK! Just remember that your organization will change significantly as you edit. When you edit your work, you will see how you make each paragraph clearer and stronger by focusing on a single idea. You may decide that a single 500-word paragraph works better as two 250-word paragraphs. Or you may decide that a single-sentence paragraph needs to be expanded with more description or analysis.

What should go in a paragraph?

Different genres of writing often come with different conventions about how long a paragraph should be, as well as what elements a paragraph should include.

If you are writing a persuasive essay, then you may have heard the rule of thumb that a paragraph should contain a topic sentence, 2-3 sentences of analysis expanding on the idea, and a concluding sentence. You may average 100-120 words, or 5-6 sentences, per paragraph. But what is a topic sentence, and why does it matter?

What is a topic sentence?

A topic sentence is like a thesis for the paragraph. It offers a preview of the ideas that will be developed further in that paragraph. It also acts as connective tissue between the ideas that came in the previous paragraph. A topic sentence is therefore a key element in many forms of persuasive writing. (Note: Can you see how this paragraph enacts the purpose of a topic sentence?)

If you are writing a narrative work, you probably do not need declarative topic sentences that are intended to persuade. But paragraph breaks are no less important in narrative works. You may use a new paragraph to introduce a new image, action, event, idea, or character perspective.

Ask yourself: Are you writing a persuasive work or a narrative work, or a mix of both? Are you writing fiction, nonfiction, or something else entirely? Remember that context and audience are everything!

Good writers know how to vary their paragraph lengths for maximum impact. You will want a mix of longer paragraphs (6-8 sentences and above; 150-200 words and above) and shorter paragraphs (50 words and under).

Why a mix? Remember that a series of long paragraphs can visually turn off a reader, especially if the paragraphs are not well-organized (see above: Aim for one idea per paragraph). Short paragraphs – of a single sentence, or even a single word – can build suspense. If you overuse them, however, they lose their impact.

You should always aim to understand genre conventions about paragraph length, so that you can best experiment with them. A few genres of writing may require that your paragraphs remain more or less the same length throughout (this is true of some academic writing, for instance). In general, though, you should feel free to experiment with long and short paragraphs in your writing. Just remember that less is more. Think about whether that paragraph really needs to be 500 words long or if it can be broken up into smaller chunks. Think about whether you really need five consecutive 2-sentence paragraphs, or whether the punchy paragraph is best used sparingly.

Your decisions about varying paragraph length will ultimately depend on the length of the piece as a whole. Think about whether you are writing a 1000-word blog post or a 70,000-word novel.

If you are writing a 1000-word piece, then your longest paragraph may not be more than 3-4 sentences long, and your longest and your shortest paragraphs may not be so different in length. On the other hand, if you are writing a book-length work, you may vary your paragraph lengths much more within a chapter and throughout the work.

You may also be thinking about how your writing will be read. Longer paragraphs may be harder to read on a website, whereas shorter paragraphs may not have the visual impact you desire if your work is printed in narrow columns, say, in a newspaper.

You may realize by now that there are few steadfast rules when it comes to paragraph length. However, this section will help you navigate some common situations:

Do I need to start a quotation in a new paragraph?

Yes. You should always start a new paragraph when introducing a quotation, even if the previous paragraph is only a sentence long.

Do I need to start a new paragraph after a quotation?

Yes. After a quotation, you should start a new paragraph again.

Do I need to start a new paragraph after a bullet point list?

Not necessarily. Usually, you should resume the paragraph on a new line, but you do not need to start a new paragraph.

Can I start a new paragraph with an indent? Can I start a new paragraph using a line break?

Yes and yes! You can start a new paragraph either with an indent (using the “Tab” key on most computers) or with a line break (by pressing “Enter” twice). Just choose one, though – you do not need an indent and a line break. Your teacher, editor, or boss may have specific conventions in mind, and it is best to ask them.

Paragraph construction is an art, not a science. The guidelines above will help you hone your instincts and your critical skills. As with anything related to writing, however, there is no substitute for practice! So try it out, and see what works for you.

Be confident about grammar

Check every email, essay, or story for grammar mistakes. Fix them before you press send.

Pratima Gopalakrishnan

Pratima is a writer, editor and historian who loves teaching new writers everything that she has wished someone had taught her. She has taught at Yale University and Duke University. When she is not helping writers develop their craft, she is probably practicing a foreign language, working with clay, or daydreaming about the ancient Mediterranean world.

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Word Count Guidelines For New Authors And Writers

Nothing is written in stone, but word count guidelines can give you a useful clue for a new writing project.

You might be staring at a blank page and wondering where to start and how many words you should write.

It doesn’t matter if you’re a new blogger, content writer, or author; the number of words you need to write can feel like a distant target.

But it’s not as daunting as it seems because it’s only an approximate aim. Once you start writing, let the words flow freely, and your count will often look after itself.

Article Contents

What are the general rules for word count?

For all forms of writing, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer for word count guidelines.

In some ways, it’s like asking, how long is a piece of string?

But there are some generalizations that you can apply to books, short stories, articles, and blog posts.

As a rule of thumb, a fiction novel can be somewhere between 50,000 to 110,000 words.

It is often a little shorter for non-fiction or biographies and memoirs , at between 30,000 and 70,000 words.

Self-help books and ebooks often have a count between 15,000 and 25,000 words.

Flash fiction and short stories can be anywhere from 2,500 to 5,000 words.

Online content is a bit of an open question.

However, quality articles usually have a minimum of 1,000 words, whereas a blog post can be as short as 200 to 300 words.

Whatever you are writing, don’t get hung up on word count targets because they can vary greatly depending on so many factors.

Specific word count for novels

An average novel usually falls between 80,000 and 110,000 words. But some genres, such as romance and young adult fiction, tend towards the shorter side.

On the other hand, science fiction and fantasy are often quite long due to the need for world-building.

However, there are no hard and fast rules.

Well-known epics like War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy and The Lord of the Rings trilogy by J.R.R. Tolkien dwarf these averages, coming in at 567,246 words and 432,000 words, respectively.

Here’s a quick look at word counts for some other famous novels.

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone: 77,325 words

The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy:  46,333 words

The Hobbit: 95,356 words

Gone with the Wind: 418,053 words

Pride and Prejudice: 153,527 words

1984: 35,343 words

Alice In Wonderland: 27,000 words

Noble House: 288,000 words

As you can see from these examples, there is no rule at all for the length or word count of a novel.

Other books and writing

When it comes to short stories , there is no standard length.

For example, flash fiction, a subgenre known for its brevity, typically falls under 1,000 words.

But novellas can typically range from 15,000 to 40,000 words.

For online writing, an average article is often around 1,000 to 1,500 words, with magazine articles typically ranging from 1,000 to 3,000 words.

But for blog posts, anywhere from 200 to 300 words is fine.

However, one exception is scientific papers or academic journals, which can stretch into tens of thousands of words.

Don’t be driven by word counts

While the word count guidelines I’ve provided are a starting point, there are many instances where breaking away from the average can be advantageous.

For example, a blog post with a provocative headline might not need a lot of detail, but a technical article might require a longer and more in-depth explanation.

For fiction, you might start wanting to write an epic, but the story and plot don’t lead you there.

Perhaps you’ll be content with a shorter novel or even a novella.

Articles are never a set length. Use as many or as few words as necessary to cover all the relevant points.

You might only need 500 words for some topics, but it could take 3,000 words for more complex ideas needing more in-depth explanations.

Align your word count with your intent

The key to managing word count is understanding the purpose of your writing.

What do you want to convey to your readers? Is it to educate, entertain, or persuade?

Tailoring it to your purpose will ensure that your message lands effectively.

No piece of writing is too short or too long. But it has to match readers’ expectations.

A novel of 3,000 words won’t work, nor will a 20,000-word article.

Always match the length of your writing to what you believe your readers will accept.

But to give you a guide, the graph below gives an approximation of the average and high word counts for different genres and forms of writing.

Word count tools

Lots of tools can help you monitor your word count.

Word processors like Microsoft Word, Google Docs, and Apple Pages have built-in word count trackers.

You can also find trackers in some writing tools.

The Hemingway Editor, ProWritingAid, and Grammarly can provide you with more comprehensive feedback, including readability scores and suggestions for improvement.

But in the end, remember that it’s just a number. Use them as a guide, not as your master.

Word count for your writing is like a compass. It can guide you in the right direction but won’t tell you your final destination.

But by understanding standard or average lengths or even exploring unconventional approaches, you can align your word count with some degree of purpose.

If you are a new writer, keep in mind that word count guidelines are simply recommendations and not rigid rules to follow.

Stay flexible, experiment, adapt, and find your storytelling rhythm, no matter how many or how few words it takes.

Writing is all about creativity but also involves a sprinkling of purpose and intent.

In the end, the length of your writing is all about what your readers expect and will enjoy reading.

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Reading Length

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The Ultimate Guide to Novel Length: How Many Words Should Your Book Be?

As an avid reader and aspiring writer, I’ve always been fascinated by the question of novel length. How many words should a novel be? What factors come into play when determining the ideal length for …

Written by: Adam

Published on: November 12, 2023

As an avid reader and aspiring writer, I’ve always been fascinated by the question of novel length. How many words should a novel be? What factors come into play when determining the ideal length for a literary masterpiece? In this comprehensive guide, we’ll delve into the intricacies of novel length, exploring word count conventions, the impact on reader engagement, and tips for hitting the right word count. Whether you’re just starting your writing journey or polishing your final draft, understanding novel length is essential. Let’s embark on this exciting exploration together.

Determining the Ideal Novel Length

When setting out to write a novel, one of the first questions that may arise is, “How long should it be?” The truth is, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer. Novel length can vary widely depending on the genre, target audience, and narrative style. However, it’s important to note that a novel is generally considered to be a work of fiction with a minimum of 40,000 words. Novels shorter than this are often classified as novellas or novelettes. On the other end of the spectrum, novels can extend to well over 100,000 words, with some epic fantasies exceeding 200,000 words.

As a writer, it’s crucial to consider the scope of your story and the depth of character development. Some narratives demand brevity and precision, while others unfold gradually over a vast canvas of words. Understanding the nuances of your plot and characters will help you determine the ideal novel length for your specific project.

Understanding Word Count Conventions in Different Genres

The ideal word count for a novel can vary significantly across different genres. For instance, literary fiction often falls within the range of 70,000 to 100,000 words, allowing for in-depth explorations of characters and themes. In contrast, young adult (YA) novels typically range from 50,000 to 80,000 words, catering to the shorter attention spans of younger readers. Mystery and thriller novels often clock in at 70,000 to 90,000 words, maintaining a fast-paced narrative that keeps readers on the edge of their seats.

Fantasy and science fiction, known for their epic world-building and intricate plots, tend to have higher word counts, with some exceeding 150,000 words. Romance novels, while generally shorter, still encompass a wide range, from 50,000 to 100,000 words, depending on the subgenre and narrative complexity. By understanding the word count conventions within your chosen genre, you can ensure that your novel aligns with reader expectations and industry standards.

Factors to Consider When Deciding Novel Length

In addition to genre conventions, several other factors should be taken into account when determining the length of your novel. Firstly, consider your target audience. Are you writing for young adults, who may prefer a tighter, more fast-paced narrative, or for literary enthusiasts who relish in-depth character studies and intricate prose? Understanding your readers’ expectations and attention spans is crucial in shaping the length of your novel.

Secondly, the complexity of your plot and the depth of world-building also play a significant role. If your story spans multiple timelines, dimensions, or character perspectives, it may naturally require a higher word count to fully unfold. Conversely, a tightly woven, focused plot may thrive in a more concise form. Balancing the intricacies of your narrative with the attention span and preferences of your audience is a delicate art that every writer must master.

Lastly, consider the marketability of your novel. While artistic integrity should always be a priority, understanding the commercial viability of your work is essential, especially for debut authors. Publishers often have specific expectations for novel length within each genre, and deviating too far from these conventions may impact your manuscript’s reception in the traditional publishing world.

The Impact of Novel Length on Reader Engagement

The length of a novel can have a profound impact on reader engagement and satisfaction. A well-paced, tightly plotted story that matches the expected word count for its genre is more likely to hold readers’ attention and deliver a satisfying reading experience. On the other hand, a novel that feels excessively long or overly condensed may struggle to maintain reader interest.

Readers often develop certain expectations based on the genre and the length of the novel. For example, fantasy enthusiasts may anticipate a sprawling, epic tale with rich world-building and intricate subplots, while thriller aficionados may seek a fast-paced, tightly woven narrative that keeps them guessing until the final pages. By aligning the length of your novel with reader expectations, you can enhance the overall reading experience and cultivate a loyal readership.

It’s important to note that while word count is a crucial consideration, the quality of the storytelling and the depth of character development ultimately determine reader engagement. A well-crafted, immersive narrative can captivate readers regardless of its length, underscoring the significance of honing your writing skills and crafting a compelling story that resonates with your audience.

Tips for Hitting the Right Word Count

As you embark on your novel-writing journey, keeping the ideal word count in mind can be a daunting task. However, several strategies can help you hit the right word count while maintaining the integrity of your narrative. Firstly, outline your plot and character arcs meticulously. Having a clear roadmap of your story’s progression can prevent unnecessary tangents and ensure that every scene contributes meaningfully to the overall narrative.

Additionally, focus on concise, evocative prose that conveys depth and emotion without unnecessary verbosity. Striking a balance between descriptive richness and narrative efficiency can streamline your storytelling, allowing you to cover more ground within the confines of your chosen word count. Embrace the art of “show, don’t tell,” allowing your readers to infer emotions and motivations through subtle cues and character interactions.

Another valuable tip is to engage beta readers or critique partners who can provide feedback on pacing and narrative flow. Constructive input from fresh perspectives can highlight areas where the story may drag or rush, guiding you in refining the pacing to align with the expected word count for your genre. By incorporating these tips into your writing process, you can confidently navigate the intricacies of novel length and deliver a compelling, well-balanced manuscript.

Examples of Popular Novels with Varying Word Counts

To gain a deeper understanding of novel length and its impact on storytelling, let’s explore a few examples of popular novels across different genres, each exemplifying the art of crafting compelling narratives within a specific word count range.

“ To Kill a Mockingbird ” by Harper Lee

Harper Lee’s timeless classic stands as a testament to the power of storytelling within a concise word count. At approximately 99,000 words, this literary masterpiece captures the essence of a small Southern town grappling with racial injustice through the eyes of young Scout Finch. The novel’s brevity and focused narrative have solidified its status as a beloved work of American literature, showcasing the impact of precision and depth within a moderate word count.

“ The Name of the Wind ” by Patrick Rothfuss

In the realm of epic fantasy, Patrick Rothfuss exemplifies the sprawling, immersive narratives often associated with the genre. With a word count exceeding 250,000 words, this epic tale follows the life of Kvothe, a legendary figure shrouded in myth and mystery. Rothfuss’s meticulous world-building and intricate storytelling demonstrate how certain genres lend themselves to expansive word counts, allowing for the unfurling of richly detailed realms and complex character arcs.

“ Gone Girl ” by Gillian Flynn

Gillian Flynn’s gripping thriller navigates the intricate web of a marriage gone awry within a word count of approximately 145,000 words. The novel’s taut, suspenseful narrative keeps readers enthralled as they unravel the dark secrets and shifting perspectives of the central characters. Flynn’s ability to maintain razor-sharp pacing and narrative tension within the confines of the thriller genre showcases the art of crafting a compelling, page-turning story without excessive wordiness.

By examining these diverse examples, we can glean insights into how word count intersects with genre expectations and narrative depth, shedding light on the nuanced relationship between novel length and storytelling impact.

The Editing Process and Its Effect on Novel Length

Once the initial draft of your novel is complete, the editing process plays a pivotal role in shaping its final word count and narrative cohesion. During the editing phase, you’ll have the opportunity to refine the pacing, tighten the prose, and streamline the storyline, all of which can impact the overall length of your manuscript.

As you review your manuscript, consider the relevance of each scene and the efficiency of your prose. Are there passages that meander or dwell excessively on minutiae? Can certain descriptions be condensed without sacrificing their impact? Engaging in a meticulous, critical assessment of your writing will empower you to make strategic cuts and enhancements, ensuring that every word propels the story forward and resonates with the reader.

Furthermore, working with a professional editor can provide invaluable insights into pacing, character development, and narrative structure. An experienced editor can identify areas where the story may benefit from tightening or expansion, guiding you in refining the manuscript to align with the expected word count for your chosen genre. Embrace the editing process as a transformative stage in your novel’s evolution, where each revision and refinement brings your narrative closer to its optimal form.

Self-Publishing Considerations for Novel Length

For authors pursuing the path of self-publishing, novel length carries distinct implications in terms of reader expectations and market positioning. As a self-published author, you have the freedom to determine the length of your novel based on the specific demands of your story and the preferences of your target audience. However, it’s crucial to recognise that self-published novels still operate within the broader landscape of reader expectations and genre conventions.

When preparing to self-publish your novel, conduct thorough research on the typical word counts within your genre, paying attention to reader preferences and market trends. While self-publishing offers creative autonomy, aligning your novel length with industry standards can enhance its appeal to potential readers and bolster its competitive edge in the market. Additionally, consider leveraging reader feedback and beta reader insights to gauge the optimal length for your novel, ensuring that it resonates with your target audience while maintaining the integrity of your creative vision.

Working with Traditional Publishers and Their Preferences

For writers seeking traditional publishing opportunities, understanding the preferences of literary agents and publishing houses in relation to novel length is paramount. Traditional publishers often adhere to established word count conventions within each genre, and deviating significantly from these expectations may impact the marketability of your manuscript.

Before submitting your novel to literary agents or publishers, research the word count guidelines for your genre and target market. Many publishing industry resources provide specific recommendations for novel length, offering valuable insights into the market expectations that can shape your manuscript’s reception. By aligning your novel length with the preferences of traditional publishers, you can enhance its appeal to industry professionals and maximise its potential for acquisition and successful publication.

Furthermore, engaging with the literary community through writers’ conferences, workshops, and networking events can provide opportunities to gather firsthand insights into the evolving landscape of novel length preferences within traditional publishing. By staying informed and adaptable, you can navigate the nuances of industry expectations while remaining true to the creative vision of your novel.

In the realm of novel writing, the question of how many words a novel should be is a multifaceted inquiry that encompasses genre conventions, reader engagement, and the intricacies of storytelling. By delving into the nuances of novel length and its impact on the writing process, we’ve gained valuable insights into the factors that influence the ideal word count for a literary work. From understanding word count conventions in different genres to navigating the editing process and considering self-publishing and traditional publishing preferences, the journey of determining the ideal novel length is a dynamic, multifaceted endeavour.

As writers, it’s essential to embrace the art of storytelling while remaining attuned to reader expectations and market dynamics. By honing our craft, understanding genre-specific conventions, and engaging with the broader literary landscape, we can navigate the complexities of novel length with confidence and finesse. Whether embarking on a debut novel or refining a seasoned manuscript, the quest for the perfect word count is an integral facet of the writer’s creative odyssey, one that invites us to weave compelling narratives that resonate with readers and endure as timeless works of literary art.

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Creative Writing: Everything You Need to Know

Introduction

In the heart of every storyteller lies the vibrant pulse of creative writing, a world where imagination reigns and where emotions, thoughts, and ideas find their voice. But what exactly is creative writing? At its core, creative writing is an art form that revolves around expressing oneself through narratives, poetry, scripts, and other forms of literature. It’s not just about stringing words together, but about crafting worlds, moulding characters, and eliciting emotions, all from the power of the pen (or keyboard).

The importance of creative writing stretches beyond the pages of a novel or the verses of a poem. Creative writing cultivates cognitive development , fosters empathy, and offers a therapeutic escape. Whether you’re penning an epic tale, jotting down a heartfelt poem, or expressing your thoughts in a personal diary, you’re delving into a form of self-exploration. Additionally, in the academic world, initiatives like the 11+ creative writing and A-level creative writing emphasise the pivotal role this skill plays in shaping young minds, boosting their analytical thinking, and enhancing their linguistic abilities.

With this guide, we hope to unravel the many facets of creative writing, from its foundational elements to the benefits it offers and how you can master it. Whether you’re a budding writer a seasoned author, or simply a student looking to learn, there’s always something to discover in this expansive world of creativity. 

The Foundations of Creative Writing

Creative writing, much like any art form, has its foundational principles that guide and enrich the craft. Whether you’re preparing for 11+ creative writing or diving into A-levels, understanding these foundations is crucial.

The 4 Types of Creative Writing

    1. narrative fiction.

This involves storytelling, and it’s what most people think of when they hear “creative writing.” Examples include novels, short stories, and novellas.

    2. Poetry

A rhythmic and metaphorical form of writing, poetry allows writers to express feelings, thoughts, and stories in a condensed and poignant manner.

    3. Drama

 Written to be performed, drama includes scripts for movies, plays, and television shows.

    4. Creative Non-Fiction

 This merges the truth and the artistic flair. Memoirs, biographies, and personal essays fall under this category. 

The 5 Genres of Creative Writing-Breaking down the Differences

    1. fantasy.

A genre that uses magic and other supernatural elements as main plot elements, themes, or settings.

    2. Mystery

 This centres on a mysterious event, often a crime, exploring the solution and the circumstances around it.

    3. Romance

A narrative driven by a relationship, exploring the nuances of love and connection.

    4. Horror

Aimed at evoking fear and excitement in the reader, it often delves into the supernatural and unknown.

    5. Science Fiction

 Utilising futuristic settings, advanced technology, space exploration, and often commenting on the state and direction of society.

The 6 elements of creative writing: What makes a story resonate?

    1. plot.

 The sequence of events or the main story arc.

    2. Characters

The individuals who move through the narrative, driving and being affected by the plot.

    3. Setting

 The time and place where the story unfolds.

    4. Theme

The central idea, message, or lesson that’s conveyed.

    5. Point of View

 Through whose eyes or perspective we understand the narrative.

    6. Style/Tone

 The manner in which a story is told can dramatically affect its reception and impact.

Whether for GCSE creative writing exercises or other creative writing courses, always remember the power and impact of these foundational principles. They serve as the backbone of compelling narratives and resonate deeply with readers.

Education and Creative Writing

Creative writing, while inherently artistic, is also deeply rooted in the educational fabric. Through structured courses and examinations, students are offered an avenue to hone their skills, understand key techniques, and showcase their abilities. Two critical facets in the UK’s education system that emphasise creative writing are the GCSEs and 11+ exams .

GCSE Creative Writing Learning from Real-world Samples.

Many students often wonder how to write creative writing in English for the GCSE or how to get an A in English GCSE creative writing. One of the best ways to grasp the expectations is to analyse real-world samples. By understanding the structure, tone, and content of top-scoring pieces, students can identify the qualities that examiners look for. 

    How to Get an A in English GCSE Creative Writing

 Achieving a top grade requires a combination of factors:

        1. Understanding the Prompt

Ensure you’ve fully grasped the theme or topic.

        2. Planning

 Before diving into writing, structure your thoughts, plot, and character arcs.

        3. Using Varied Vocabulary

 Showcase your linguistic prowess without overcomplicating the narrative.

        4. Engaging the Reader

The opening should hook the reader, and the narrative should maintain interest throughout.

        5. Editing and Refining

Always review and revise. It’s at this stage that good writing often becomes great.

11+ Creative Writing

The 11+ examination , aimed at students transitioning to secondary education, places a significant emphasis on creative writing. The 11+ creative writing segment tests a student’s ability to construct a coherent narrative, use varied vocabulary, and demonstrate grammatical prowess. 

Why is it Essential?

The 11+ creative writing not only evaluates a student’s writing capabilities but also their cognitive abilities like imagination, logical structuring, and time management . High-quality 11-plus creative writing examples showcase a blend of creativity and structured thinking, essential skills for further education and life in general.

Incorporating the educational aspects into your creative writing journey can seem challenging, but remember, every exam and grade is merely a stepping stone. What truly matters is the continuous growth, learning, and love for the craft.

The Career of a Creative Writer

Choosing a career path often involves aligning one’s passion with practicality. For those drawn to the art of storytelling and expression through words, creative writing emerges as a captivating choice. But is it a viable profession? What does the day-to-day life of a creative writer look like? Let’s delve into these queries.

Is Creative Writing a Good Major? The Pros and Cons

 advantages.

       1. Passion for Profession

For those who have an innate love for writing, this major allows them to pursue what they genuinely love.

       2. Versatility

 A degree in creative writing isn’t just limited to penning novels or poetry. Graduates can venture into journalism, content creation, advertising, scriptwriting, and more.

       3. Skill Development

Beyond writing, this major hones skills like critical thinking, communication, research, and more, which are valuable in numerous professions.

       4. Networking

 University programs often provide opportunities to meet authors, agents, publishers, and other industry professionals.

  Disadvantages

       1. Job Market Competition

While there are opportunities, the writing domain can be competitive, with many vying for the same positions.

      2. Income Variability

Unlike some professions, writing may not always offer a stable monthly income, especially for those freelancing or looking to publish.

       3. Subjectivity

 Writing is subjective. What one editor or publisher loves, another might reject. This can be challenging for emerging writers to navigate.

What Do Creative Writers Do? An Overview of the Profession

At the core, creative writers craft stories, narratives, poems, articles, and content that resonate with readers. Their days might be spent:

      Brainstorming Ideas

This is where every piece begins—finding a theme, message, or story worth sharing.

      Researching

Especially crucial for genres like historical fiction or specific articles. Research ensures accuracy.

      Writing and Re-writing

Crafting the initial draft and then refining it multiple times to ensure it aligns with the desired quality.

      Pitching and Submitting

For those looking to publish, a significant time might be spent pitching to agents, editors, or publishers.

      Continuous Learning

Like any profession, trends and techniques in writing evolve. Writers often attend workshops, seminars, or courses (like online creative writing courses) to enhance their skills.

In conclusion, the life of a creative writer is multifaceted. It’s a blend of creativity, determination, continuous learning, and, at times, resilience in the face of rejection. But for those truly passionate, the joy of creating worlds with words and impacting readers is unparalleled.

Starting with Creative Writing

Diving into the vast ocean of creative writing might seem overwhelming at first, especially for those new to the craft. It’s like staring at a blank canvas, waiting for that first brushstroke of inspiration. But fear not, every writer, renowned or budding, has been there. With the right guidance and techniques, that daunting blank page can turn into a canvas filled with words, stories, and imagination.

Creative Writing Ideas-Where They Come From and How to Cultivate Them

   observation.

Everyday life is brimming with stories. Observe people, places, and situations. Ask yourself, “What if?”.

   Reading

Books , articles, blogs – they all can spark an idea. Notice what intrigues you in others’ writings.

   Dreams

Our subconscious mind can be a treasure trove of bizarre, exciting, and unique ideas.

    Mind Maps

Start with a central theme and branch out with related concepts, characters, conflicts, and backgrounds.

  Current Events

News stories can provide a backdrop for a timely and relevant narrative.

Creative Writing Exercises

   free writing.

Set a timer (maybe 10 minutes) and write without stopping or editing. Let your thoughts flow onto the page.

   Word Association

Begin with a word and jot down everything it makes you think of. It can lead to unexpected connections and ideas.

   Character Development

Invent a character from scratch. Consider their background, fears, dreams, and quirks, and then place them in a situation.

   Image Inspiration

 Look at a photograph or artwork and craft a story around it.

   Story Prompts

There are countless prompts available online. They give a starting point, and you take it from there.

There will be moments of uncertainty, thrill, discovery, and enlightenment. But with the right tools and mindset, the process can be incredibly rewarding. So, grab your pen or keyboard and let the stories unfold.

Benefits of Creative Writing

Creative writing, often viewed as a whimsical hobby or a tool for academic enhancement, harbours a depth of benefits that many overlook. Its impact resonates not just in the literary world but also in our cognitive and emotional development.

Does Creative Writing Make You Smarter?

Contrary to the isolated image of a writer lost in their imagination, creative writing demands a lot from our brains. It sharpens our cognitive abilities, enhancing analytical thinking, vocabulary, and understanding of complex concepts. Storytelling requires a blend of logic and imagination, thus exercising both the left and right hemispheres of the brain. So, while it might not raise your IQ overnight, it undeniably sharpens your mind and hones your critical thinking skills.

How Creative Writing Helps Students: Academic and Personal Advantages

Beyond the realms of grades and classroom performance, creative writing offers students a unique set of advantages:

  Academic Growth

It improves vocabulary, grammar, and writing structure, which are vital across various subjects.

  Enhanced Empathy

Crafting stories allows students to step into different characters’ shoes, fostering a deeper understanding of human emotions and perspectives.

   Boosted Creativity and Imagination

Regular writing can expand a student’s horizon, encouraging them to think outside the box.

   Problem-Solving Skills

Developing plots and resolving story conflicts cultivate a student’s ability to tackle real-life challenges.

   Self-expression and Confidence

Creative writing provides an outlet for emotions, ideas, and opinions, boosting self-worth and confidence.

Creative Writing and Mental Health

The intertwining of pen, paper, and emotions runs deep. Creative writing is more than an art form; for many, it’s a lifeline.

Does Creative Writing Help Depression?

While creative writing isn’t a replacement for professional treatment, many individuals battling depression have found solace in the written word. Writing allows a release of pent-up emotions, creating a safe space for expression without judgment. Narrating their experiences provides a form of self-reflection and understanding, offering a means to navigate their feelings and potentially find a path towards healing.

How Creative Writing Helps Mental Health and Provides Therapeutic Value?

  catharsis.

Writing about traumatic or emotional events can serve as a release, helping individuals process their feelings.

   Mindfulness

The act of writing focuses the mind, keeping it in the present moment, similar to meditation.

   Sense of Accomplishment

Completing a piece, regardless of its length, provides a boost of self-worth and achievement.

   Reduction in Stress

Translating thoughts into words has been shown to lower anxiety levels, promoting a state of calm.

   Enhanced Self-awareness

It offers insights into one’s own emotions, behaviours, and triggers, promoting personal growth.

In conclusion, creative writing is a multifaceted tool that enriches our minds, enhances academic prowess, and offers therapeutic value. Whether pursued as a profession, hobby, or therapy, its benefits are profound and far-reaching.

Online and Traditional Creative Writing Courses

Creative writing in education has seen a significant transformation in recent years. With the rise of digital platforms and the ever-evolving nature of traditional institutions, aspiring writers are now spoilt for choice. Let’s delve into the contrasts and benefits of both.

Where to Learn Creative Writing: Physical Institutions vs. Online Platforms

Traditionally, universities and colleges have been the primary source for structured creative writing programs. These institutions offer comprehensive curriculums, renowned faculties, and the immersive experience of a classroom setting. Engaging directly with professors and peers can be invaluable, fostering a sense of community and providing hands-on feedback.

On the flip side, the digital era ushered in online learning platforms that break geographical boundaries. Online courses offer flexibility, allowing learners to progress at their own pace and often at a fraction of the cost of traditional programs. Whether you’re a working professional, a parent, or someone who resides in a remote location, online platforms can make learning accessible.

Online Creative Writing Courses: The Digital Learning Revolution

The proliferation of online courses has revolutionised how we perceive education. Platforms like Coursera, Udemy, and MasterClass, among others, have democratised access to top-tier instructors and curriculums from around the world. From beginner workshops to advanced storytelling techniques, there’s a digital course for every level of writer.

Another advantage is the myriad of formats available: video lectures, webinars, interactive assignments, peer reviews, and more, catering to diverse learning styles.

Advantages of Online Learning and Where to Find the Best Courses

    Flexibility and Convenience

Study anytime, anywhere. This adaptability is especially beneficial for those juggling multiple responsibilities.

    Diverse Course Offerings

With no physical constraints, online platforms can offer a broader range of courses, from niche genres to unique writing techniques.

    Cost-Effective

Without the overheads associated with physical institutions, online courses often come at a reduced price.

    Networking

Engage with a global community of writers. Online forums and discussion boards allow for networking opportunities that span continents.

    Up-to-date Material

Online platforms can quickly update their content, ensuring that courses remain current with evolving literary trends and technologies.

As for finding the best courses, thorough research is essential. Check for reviews, curriculum details, instructor qualifications, and any available trial periods or sample lessons. Edumentors is a great platform when it comes to online tutoring. They offer assistance from tutors from UK’s top universities-weather you’re a GCSE, A-level or 11-plus student looking for some guidance. With individually fitted assistance, you can be sure of a positive teaching experience.

In conclusion, whether you’re drawn to the allure of a traditional classroom or the flexibility of online platforms, the options for creative writing education are diverse and expansive. It’s a golden era for aspiring writers, with quality education just a click or a campus away.

Debates in Creative Writing

As with any art form or discipline, creative writing isn’t without its controversies and debates. At the heart of these discussions lie questions about the teachability of the craft and its influence on cognitive processes. Let’s delve into these topics.

Can Creative Writing Be Taught? Exploring Both Sides of the Argument

   the affirmative side.

Proponents of creative writing courses argue that while innate talent can’t be instilled, the skills and techniques that refine this talent can be imparted. They point to the structured environment of a class or workshop where students learn about plot development, character arc, pacing, and other foundational elements. Further, a guided environment can provide feedback, enabling budding writers to identify their strengths and areas of improvement.

  The Skeptical Side

 Detractors, on the other hand, believe that writing, especially its creative facet, springs from personal experiences, innate talent, and individual interpretation of the world. They assert that while techniques can be learned, genuine creativity cannot be taught. Moreover, they warn against the risk of homogenising voices, where students might end up emulating the style of their instructors or popular trends rather than finding their unique voice.

Regardless of where one stands on this debate, the surge in creative writing courses, both online and offline, suggests a significant demand and belief in the merits of guided learning.

For many, creative writing becomes a sanctuary—a space free from the confines of reality, where thoughts, emotions, and experiences metamorphose into stories, characters, and worlds. It provides a canvas for our deepest fears, joys, dreams, and hopes. As writers shape narratives, they’re not just building stories; they’re often reconstructing their understanding of life and their place in it. This continuous process of introspection and externalisation fosters personal growth, making creative writing an invaluable tool for self-awareness and development.

With the plethora of resources available today, from online courses to local workshops, there’s a platform for everyone. But the most crucial tool in your arsenal will always be your unique perspective and voice. Nurture it, believe in it, and let it resonate.

In the final reckoning, creative writing isn’t just about producing literary masterpieces. It’s about evolution, both personal and societal. It’s about finding clarity amidst chaos and deriving meaning from the mundane. So, as you close this blog and ponder over the world of creative writing, remember it’s a journey, and like all journeys, it’s best enjoyed one step, or in this case, one word at a time.

• A-level English Language
• Creative Writing
• GCSE English Language

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Daily Writing Tips

Creative writing 101.

What is Creative Writing?

Creative writing is anything where the purpose is to express thoughts, feelings and emotions rather than to simply convey information.

I’ll be focusing on creative fiction in this post (mainly short stories and novels), but poetry, (auto)biography and creative non-fiction are all other forms of creative writing. Here’s a couple of definitions:

Creative writing is writing that expresses the writer’s thoughts and feelings in an imaginative, often unique, and poetic way. ( Sil.org – What is Creative Writing? )

Writing is a form of personal freedom. It frees us from the mass identity we see all around us. In the end, writers will write not to be outlaw heroes of some underculture but mainly to save themselves, to survive as individuals. ( Don DeLillo )

Writing of any sort is hard, but rewarding work – you’ll gain a huge amount of satisfaction from a finished piece. Being creative can also be difficult and challenging at times, but immensely fun.

How to get started

Many people think that just because they’ve read a lot of stories (or even if they haven’t!) they should be able to write one. But as Nigel Watts writes:

There is a common belief that because most of us are literate and fluent, there is no need to serve an apprenticeship if we want to become a successful wordsmith. … That’s what I thought until I tried to write my first novel. I soon learnt that a novel, like a piece of furniture, has its own set of requirements, laws of construction that have to be learnt. Just because I had read plenty of novels didn’t mean I could write one, any more than I could make a chair because I had sat on enough of them. (Nigel Watts, Teach Yourself Writing a Novel)

By all means, if you’re keen, jump straight in and have a go: but don’t be too disappointed if your first efforts aren’t as good as you’d hoped. To extend Watts’ metaphor, you may find that these early attempts have wonky legs and an unsteady seat. There are lots of great books aimed at new fiction writers, and I’d strongly recommend buying or borrowing one of these:

• Wannabe a Writer? (Jane Wenham-Jones)
• Teach Yourself … Writing a Novel (Nigel Watts)
• How to Write Fiction (and Think About It) (Robert Graham)
• On Writing (Stephen King)
• The Making of a Story
• 5000 Writing Prompts

I’d also recommend starting small. Rather than beginning with an epic fantasy trilogy, a family saga spanning five generations, or an entire adventure series … have a go at a short story or a poem.

And if you end up chewing your pen and staring at a sheet of paper, or gazing at a blank screen for hours, try kickstarting your writing with a short exercise. Don’t stop to think too much about it … just get going, without worrying about the quality of the work you produce.

Tips and tricks for beginners

• Do some short exercises to stretch your writing muscles – if you’re short of ideas, read the Daily Writing Tips article on “ Writing Bursts ”. Many new creative writers find that doing the washing up or weeding the garden suddenly looks appealing, compared to the effort of sitting down and putting words onto the page. Force yourself to get through these early doubts, and it really will get easier. Try to get into the habit of writing every day, even if it’s just for ten minutes.
• If you’re stuck for ideas, carry a notebook everywhere and write down your observations. You’ll get some great lines of dialogue by keeping your ears open on the bus or in cafes, and an unusual phrase may be prompted by something you see or smell.
• Set up a writing environment that gets your creative juices flowing. The first thing here is to decide which room of the house is best suited for your creative writing efforts. There is no right or wrong here. Some people prefer to write in the bedroom, some in the living room, some set up a home office, some even in the bathroom! If you’d like to listen to music by writing, considering investing in a good headphone or on a sound system. Getting a comfortable and ergonomic chair can also be a good idea, especially if you were going to spend many hours per day writing. Last but not least, consider what kind of lighting and fragrances might help to make you more productive.
• Work out the time of day when you’re at your most creative. For many writers, this is first thing in the morning – before all the demands of the day jostle for attention. Others write well late at night, after the rest of the family have gone to bed. Don’t be afraid to experiment!
• Don’t agonize over getting it right. All writers have to revise and edit their work – it’s rare that a story, scene or even a sentence comes out perfectly the first time. Once you’ve completed the initial draft, leave the piece for a few days – then come back to it fresh, with a red pen in hand. If you know there are problems with your story but can’t pinpoint them, ask a fellow writer to read through it and give feedback.
• HAVE FUN! Sometimes, we writers can end up feeling that our writing is a chore, something that “must” be done, or something to procrastinate over for as long as possible. If your plot seems wildly far-fetched, your characters bore you to tears and you’re convinced that a five-year old with a crayon could write better prose … take a break. Start a completely new project, something which is purely for fun. Write a poem or a 60-word “mini saga”. Just completing a small finished piece can help if you’re bogged down in a longer story.
• Consider experimenting with artificial intelligence software that can generate writing prompts and even short stories. Technology is getting to a point where those computer generated texts are very sophisticated, and therefore they can help to inspire or even complement your creative writing work.

Online resources

NaNoWriMo Every November, hundreds of thousands of people just like you do something extraordinary: they write a novel in just thirty days. Want to be part of the coffee-fueled, manic-typing, adrenaline-rush that is National Novel Writing Month ? (NaNoWriMo for short). Make sure you sign up by October 31st. The “rules” state that you can’t start writing Chapter 1 until 00.01am on November 1st but you can spend as long as you like before that planning…

Authors’ websites and blogs I read lots of websites and blogs written by authors and these give real (sometimes harsh) insights into what it’s like to write professionally. One which has been a strong favourite of mine for many years is Holly Lisle’s. Check out her advice for writers and her weblog . She also has an excellent newsletter which I subscribe to, and some very thorough and helpful e-books on various aspects of writing available for purchase.

Competitions listings Having a theme and a deadline can make a startling difference to a writer’s motivation! If you’re in the UK, Sally Quilford’s competition listings are a comprehensive and regularly-updated list. Alternatively check out the Poets and Writers list .

I Should Be Writing podcast This is a practical and inspiring podcast: I Should Be Writing by Mur Lafferty . She describes the podcast as “For wanna-be fiction writers, by a wanna-be fiction writer” (though since starting it several years ago, she’s had considerable success selling her short stories) and focuses on science fiction and fantasy.

Common mistakes beginners make

While the most important thing when you’re getting started is to simply enjoy flexing your creative muscles, if you’re aiming toward publication (or if you want to enter competitions) then it’s a good idea to steer clear of some common creative writing mistakes.

Three very common mistakes that often crop up in beginners’ work include:

• Too much descriptive detail. This is a tricky one, because description is a good thing – and some well-known writers are particularly loved for the vivid, well-realised fictional worlds that they create. (I always think Joanne Harris does a great job with description, for instance.) But when you’re new to writing, it’s easy to go over the top in trying very hard to describe everything – when readers are more interested in the actual story: the action taking place, and the dialogue between your characters.
• Unintentional repetition. This can crop up in lots of different ways – but any repetition of a word that stands out to the reader, without the author intending it to stand out, is a bad thing. This could mean simply using the same word in several sentences running (e.g. “I put the money back in his wallet while his back was turned. Thinking back…”) It could also mean starting a run of sentences or paragraphs in the same way – e.g. always starting with “He” or “She” plus a verb.
• “Headhopping” to a different point of view . While it’s fine to shift between viewpoints in a short story or novel, you need to do so deliberately. Even when you’re writing in the first person (“he” or “she” rather than “I”), most readers will expect you to stick with one character’s feelings and thoughts – so don’t suddenly give us access to the inside of another characters’ head.

Ways to get support with your creative writing

When you’re starting out with creative writing, you might feel that you’re on your own. Perhaps you don’t have any family members or friends who are interested in writing (or worse, you might even have people around you who scoff at your dreams of writing success).

There are lots of ways to find support, though. Two of the best are to:

Take an evening class or a weekend course. Unless you live somewhere very remote, there’s a good chance that there are writing classes available near you. These might be run by published authors, by organised groups, by local libraries, and so on. You might want to ask around locally or via a local Facebook group.

Join a writers’ workshop group. These don’t tend to offer “teaching” content, but instead, you’ll find a group of likeminded peers who get together to write and/or to share what they’ve written. It can be nerve-wracking to share your work with others (I still remember my knees shaking the first time I read out a piece to a writing group!) but it’s

If finding an offline, local group of some sort really isn’t a possibility, there are lots of writing communities available online through forums, Facebook, and so on. Whatever your situation, do try to find other writers who can support you (and who you can support in turn) – it will make a huge difference to your motivation and to your growing skill levels.

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167 thoughts on “Creative Writing 101”

Great article. Morning is definitely the time where I am most creative. I think it’s because my mind is the freshest and the least cluttered at this time of day.

When I write, it is with an emphasis on the sharing of wisdom arising from my life experience. Wether one could reasonably term such writing as being creative or not I don’t necessarily concern myself with. The creative aspect which I believe is part of a writing nevertheless may be found in how I address people with careful consideration regarding how I may come across to them. There is no use in trying to be helpful if The way I say things registers in the readers mind that I am being arrogant and self serving. Best regards,—Doug Rosbury

GREAT article. Good inside and beginner info. Everyone needs to read this.

For me creative writing is an “art piece” of your mind wherein you can freely express your ideas, emotions and ability to attract or magnetize readers. I love what he said regarding writing which is “HAVE FUN”. I’m absolutely agree on that. Look at writing as a gift, hobby or as a passion. If you see writing as a job, definitely you will feel exhausted and dead. For me, I enjoy writing specially if it is personal essay or fashion trends essay. I enjoy what I’m doing because writing is my passion.

Good tips for writing. I really like the notebook idea. I always have trouble remembering the little details that make writing all the more interesting, so having a notebook always helps for memory’s sake as well. Also, who doesn’t look kind of important carrying around a notebook with a sophisticated air about them?!

I would like to improve my french vocabulary and understanding

My writing is horrible. But it’s much better than it was.

The tip that I would toss into the hat is to be willing to write garbage prose in order to get an idea out, however roughly. Just get it down on paper in a form that will let you recognize it later. You can edit it tomorrow — IF you wrote it today.

I go now to teach myself how to blog from an outline.

Hi!!! I am looking for a parttime online writing job. Please recommend a site that I can visit. Thanks and more power!!!

Creative writing for me is the ability of certain writers to write any topic under the sun. A true writer for me can right any kind of writing at any topic.

Creative Writing 101 encourages neophyte writers how to write a piece imaginatively which can attract readers. The tips are very hepful in writing piece. Thank you so much for the post you have given. This will hep in expanding our skills in writing.

Writing and reading fiction is where I am at. Using proper English and sentence structure is my goal from start to finish, since I am not part of the Dumbing Down of America when it comes to writing of any kind.

Working on getting the most lethal intensity out of my characters and the situations they find themselves in no matter what the tone or the subject matter is. I see this now and then in what I read and I must emulate this and still remain with feet on the ground and sane :-). If you are a writer of fiction without boundries and needs to talk with another beginner like yourself about this method of self-expression, don’t hesitate to drop me a note. We might be able to help each other out to one degree or another.

Writing rocks!

Thanks for the great tips. I write to get things off my mind . Though i,m told i am too deep.I wonder if that could be a plus for me someday as i,ve alot of ideas lingering in my head.

I would like to join the group.

The tips were very helpful. I’ve got a lot of good ideas and the material just flows at times. However, I still have room for improvement.

I hope it’s alright that I use some parts of the blog in my project this year- don’t worry, I cited correctly! I got a lot out of the information you provided, being a budding creative writer myself, and I appreciate the great tips and other links!

I really enjoyed this article, and there were a lot of useful tips that I am in the midst of using as we speak (finals week, ugh…) I love to write, but my “internal editor” does not allow one consistent thought to flow freely. When I am writing, I constantly edit words and phrases in my mind before I can get anything on paper. The technicalities of writing has hindered my fulfillment of the act itself. I still love it, I just want to love it MORE. Anyone with any advice, as to how to break free from these (mental) constraints?

The article was very interesting and helped me understand where I am in my writing skills (that is in comparison to others). I must respond to the comment before me, it’s simply too tempting. I wrote a short essay for myself a while back because I was frustrated with my english teachers controlling the end product of my writing. My essay explained that correct english is useless, you use grammar to get your point across (as well as word choice). If your point comes across as you want it to, tell your “internal editor” to be quiet for a moment. I find the comments much more helpful than the article. All the opinions teach you that writing is as you make it, nothing more.

I have found your site interesting and would like to know more about it……………….Think it’s really going to help budding/aspiring writers………

Would like to learn a lot from you……..

Writing is a phenomenon that I am unable to grasp. My high school years precipitated a downward spiral of confusion. It has paralyzed my cerebrum, dash my confidence, retarded my ability to freely and clearly express myself without criticism. Luckily, I have stumbled upon your advice. I hope that with continued persistence, I will be able to rise to the level of the greats…

It is really a wonderful site I have ever got to hone my writing skill and broaden my ken. And for this very reason I have recommended this site to my friends as well and hope they might also be doing good with their writing as they are obviously great readers and writers than me in some aspect.

Thanks for your insights. One of my greatest irritations is to read a published article or book with blatant grammatical or spelling errors. Do these people not have spell check or ANYONE who reads what they have written BEFORE it is published??? I have found these problems in academic materials as well as fiction writing. Amazingly, I find very few errors in magazine articles which would seemingly have more of an excuse because of the short publishing deadline!

How best might I approach writing promos for a senior group here in the town of Moraga, California? Lee Barker

I need support on learning how to freewrite then write what I’m thinking. It can be difficult sometimes not always just need support on good writing put me on all list please if not a problem

It was woderful to see the sight and have some insight regarding letter writing. Thanks lot.

Thanks for creating this site. please I will like to be tutored on Writing fiction

In addition to the books in this article, I would add “Art of Fiction” by John Gardner to a list of recommended reading. The first part is more theoretical with chapter titles “Aesthetic Law and Artistic Mastery,” “Basic Skills, Genre, and Fiction as Dream,” “Interest and Truth,” and “Metafiction, Deconstruction, and Jazzing Around.” The second part focuses on the craft of writing with the best discussion of fiction writing technique and style that I have ever read. Chapter titles in the part: “Common Errors,” “Technique,” and “Plotting.”

Art of Fiction also includes some great exercises. In particular, I liked a long sentence exercise: Write three effective long sentences, each at least one typed page, each involving a different emotion. Several other exercises develop the technique of leading the reader paragraph by paragraph and establishing tone. These exercises include writing about the discovery of a dead body before the body is discovered or writing about an old woman whose detestable husband has died but without mentioning the husband or the death.

Here’s my story but im a loss of what to do next! The one and only Sherry the Great! By Sara Roberts

If you walk along the river you see a great cliff and next to that cliff is the house in which sherry lives. Now sherry is a nice girl, simple not to bright and not very pretty, but she is nice. She has three family members no of which are related to her but they are the closest people that she knows. There is a cat named Herbert, a doll named Freena, and her best friend Sherrie, who is a speck of dust that she sees float by when she needs help. One time sherry was playing wit her cat Herbert and they were on the edge of the cliff seeing who could get the closest to the edge. (Of coarse Herbert would never go along with the plan because he was such a scardy cat, so sherry helped him with that problem by throwing him as far as she could. Lucky for Herbert she couldn’t throw that far.) Now on this particular day sherry did not want Herbert to win so she would take an extra turn after her friend went. But this time she was running so fast and right before she could stop her friend Sherrie floated by and got right ion sherry’s way! This threw sherry of balance and caused her to wobble off over the edge of the cliff. Now I understand what you’re feeling now, how could Sherrie do such a thing! But indeed it was better off that Sherrie do that because right as she did there was a tree that fell down on the other side of the world right exactly where Sherry was standing and if she had tried to go any farther the tree would’ve squished her flat! But now back to sherry, as she fell down the side of the cliff, a great big eagle soared over the sun. Sherry was so scared that she couldn’t even think to cry out for help! But the eagle saw her and swooped down to her rescue, and caught sherry in its mouth. Granted the bird had no intent to save sherry, but she had no knowledge of that. She was merely glad she did not fall to her death. And as the giant bird carried her away, sherry thought brilliantly to her self, ‘My, what a lucky person I am to have so many people try to help me and be my friends.’ And with that she was dropped onto the birds nest where two tiny baby eagles where sitting waiting to be fed. Sherry thought they wanted to be her friends too, so she went over to play with the youngling’s and just as they started to wrestle, one of them bit off her hand. All this was so shocking she screamed and jumped out of the nest! But she left her hand behind her. And as she fell threw the sky for the second time today, she realized that Sherrie was the one who pushed her off the cliff and she wondered. ‘Why would my best friends do something like that?’ but sherry didn’t know why. So as she fell even farther down the side of the cliff, a breeze picked her up and flung her over the Grand Canyon. And then another wind flew her to the Great Wall of China, then over to the Eiffel Tower.

Thank you for the writing tips that you shared. I benefit from this sharing.

I am a technical writer who is toying with the idea to try my luck in creative writing for “fun and for legacy” at the same time. Why not?

Sometimes writing helps me in expressing clearly what I am supposed to say but cannot because I am already drown with mixed emotions.

In case some people are not aware of this – writers are now highly in demand as content writers and the like.

So, try writing …

creative writing is almost a spiritual activity. its purpose is not to inform,but to reaeal. creaty is the ability to create,that is to bring into existence or give to something that is original in nature.

Some people do puzzle books,or needle point or they have some other hobby to help them relax,for me it’s writing.I know that I am a beginner,but I do enjoy it. This is the first time that I have been to this website.Reading what you have written here has helped me relize that I am not alone. Finaly I have found a spot where I will be able to get the help needed to my writing straightened out. Thanks.

I have two unpublished children’s stories. It is so discouraging if trying to get published. Maybe I need a writing course.

The 4 Winds would like to request a link to Daily Writing Tips at our website. The content of Daily Writing Tips is a great example of the educational programs and curriculums we are interested in promoting with our project. We are also happy to introduce a new eBook of poetry and art entitled “Dreams of Angels”.

Thank you for your time and consideration in regard to a link to your website. Sincerely,

Matt James – Project Representative

As I am trying to figure out what to do with my life, career wise, I get an almost uncontrollable urge to just write all that I am feeling, thinking and seeing about what to do. Then I notice there’s no more room in my notebook from front to back pages and I realize maybe the answer is right in front of me, write.

writing is basically my life.i normally write when i’m crying or very early in the morning.i love writing fiction books mainly for teenagers.i love writing boyfriend stuff.

thanks for the tips, for me you should just think of an emotion or a situation beetween charachters and then get a setting that best shows that like if you want to have a really scardey cat character put them in a dungeon or something, i came up with this myself but i sort of like it but maybe im just imagining that it helps

yea i know that was a huge run on

i dont think your tips will be useful!it sounds like childish,idiot…mine is much better than you. go to smsh.wen.ru and have a look!little kids

I am one who whichs to be that way, but people, things get in the way, and now I find myself STUCK, with lots of things I neither need or want, I feel as if I’m carrying my life’s burden on my back, with no way to get rid of it. My freedom depends on me getting rid of this stuff and getting back to me–my very own freedom. I think I need just a little help. I need an outlet for my fustrations, so I write a lot about it. I’m trying to work it thro people, this is not easy. Thanks for listening.

I just wanted to learn a few tips about writing, how to go about it as to me it’s a way to release all the tension and bottled-up feelings. But still there is no break though, as I can’t figure out how to begin, how to choose a topic or to go beyond a few lines and even if I write something it’s not interesting. But I won’t give up and keep on writing.

I like Creative writing because you get to aspas yourself

This site provides a great insight to first time writers. I had been writing since school days though not regularly. Most of them are short stories. My thoughts are random. I have a larger idea but when I start there is no continuous flow. I first write to form the skeleton and add flesh to the skeletal as I go by. To complete it takes anywhere from 2 days to a week. The mood plays a very important role if you are not a regular writer. When I am upbeat I can complete a short story of 1000 words in a 6 hour stretch with a couple of revisions. I am honing my creative juices and have started blogging lately. Please check my first blog and give in your valuable inputs. Your feedback would help me progress in my pursuit of becoming a full time writer.

I am a terrible writer. I am deaf. I try to write short journal for paranormal photos in scienctific journal magazine. I am looking for self training writer. I don’t know where and how to start. Thank you !

It takes a few moments to write some words down on paper, but it takes lifetimes of experience to write them well. Thoughts and ideas can take years to develope into the final concept that you desire to put into words. Relax, breathe deeply, be patient and use what you know. The words will come when they are ready and often when most unexpected.

creative writing has really changed my life. it has made me become president of the united states by the creative speech i said to the people. i thank you all for supporting a plagiarist.

I have been writing for many years through my school days. the story’s i have written mostly in one genre . now I’m trying to write a romance story with a little sci-fi elements. anyone got any tips or ideas for starting a story in which i have no experience in the genre?

-live long and prosper

*to add to my last comment

i am a man and i don’t know how to write a romance novel that is not feminine. i need help on creating the structure of the story.

here are the basic ideas that i have

” ” studying abroad in japan and my character is just starting to get adjusted to college life. he is somewhat of a loner and has no friends.

I’m trying to find the right way to make a romantic spark that will stat my characters start my characters social life.

Also i need to find a way to write in my character’s past without interrupting the flow of the story.

i cant find a way to make the romantic moments…solid… make the reader feel the emotion of the scene.

Creative Writing is really the opinion or writer’s on any point of view

writing 101 in just 1 week ?

the letter or application writing at school level fall into the category of creative writing

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Novel writing ,

How to write a graphic novel: a complete guide.

By Steve Horton

Writing a graphic novel looks fun, right? Right. And it’s a lot easier than writing traditional novels, right? Wrong.

Graphic novels hold a special place in the hearts of many writers, and it stands to reason that many are inspired to write their own as adults. They hold a kind of magic.

Think back to when you were a child, cracking open your first graphic novel from your school’s book fair or from the library. Perhaps you learned to read from it. At the time, it never really occurred to you that the graphic novel you held in your small hands had a creative team behind it, usually a writer, artist, colourist, letterer and editor. As far as you knew, your favourite graphic book sprung up fully formed from the ether.

Now, we know better.

Creating a graphic novel is a collaborative process. They have teams behind them, and among the most important of that team is the writer.

Perhaps you have a visual sense and a strong imagination, but little artistic ability, yet you’d still like to try your hand at writing a graphic novel yourself.

Then you’re in the “write” place! (Dad joke.)

In this article, you will learn what a graphic novel is, what the key elements or building blocks of one are, how to create a graphic novel, discover some of my favourite graphic novels (ie the best examples in the entire comics industry), and read some final tips and tricks to help you improve your graphic novel projects and comic strips.

 Firstly, let’s look at what a graphic novel is.

What Is A Graphic Novel?

Before we get into the nuts and bolts, let me define what exactly I think a graphic novel is.

Don’t worry, I’m not going to quote Webster’s. There are some that differentiate a graphic novel as an original, squarebound or hardbound story in comic book form, from a trade paperback or collected edition, which is a reprinted edition of several comic books packaged together.

To me, though, if a comic or illustrated story is in book form rather than floppy form, and contains mainly sequential art, it’s a graphic novel.

A graphic novel as a longer-format comic book is not a genre, or type of story, but rather a medium, or a vessel for telling stories in sequential art form. Within that form, there are numerous types of stories that can be told inside a graphic novel.

 When many people think of graphic novels they instantly imagine that a) they’re all for children, and that b) they are all superhero stories. That isn’t the case at all.

Like all types of books, graphic novels permit a writer to tell any type of story – the difference being that the complex characters and compelling storyline are expressed not just in words, but in pictures too.

So what types of graphic novels are out there?

Types Of Graphic Novels

 Most of the industry divides graphic novels into three age groups:

• Middle grade (ages 8 to 12)
• Young adult (ages 12 to 18)
• Adult (18+).

Within those age groups, you can further subdivide by genre:

Nonfiction:

• Autobiography
• Slice of everyday life
• YA (ie teen stories)
• Science fiction and fantasy
• Mystery and suspense

In short, whatever stories you can find in a book you can find in a graphic novel – the only difference is, like a comic book, a graphic novel story will be accompanied by illustrations.

So what other types of illustrated stories can you find? The other two forms of illustrated stories are manga and comic books. Let’s look at them in more detail.

What Is Manga?

Manga, the Japanese word for comics, are graphic novels that originate in Japan and can fall under any of these genres just like Western graphic novels. Similarly, graphic novels that originate from South Korea are called manhwa, and so on.

How Do Comic Books Differ To Graphic Novels?

Although the graphic novel format is somewhat similar to that of manga comics , and they both involve comic book artists and a similar writing process, the main difference is that graphic novels are book length stories.

And, although manga, comics and graphic novels all use pictures to narrate a story, comics are usually serialised narratives that are published regularly (sometimes as part of a collection of other stories). The key characteristic of a graphic novel, on the other hand, is that it contains an entire story and reads like a full-length book. They are usually bound like a book too, and not floppy like a magazine.

What Are The Key Elements Of A Graphic Novel?

We’ve established what a graphic novel is (and how it differs from comic books, manga and other types of magazines and picture books).

So what elements are contained within the vast majority of graphic novels?

• Art and illustrations are drawn sequentially in order to tell a narrative story.
• Word balloons, which are round dialogue bubbles with tails that denote who is speaking and contain lettering. These balloons may look like a cloud to represent a thought or be jagged to represent shouting.
• Captions, or square boxes with lettering that describe a scene or provide internal monologue.
• Sound effects, or large stylised lettering that represents a written sound, or onomatopoeia.

But writing a graphic novel involves more than simply creating a graphic storyboard and filling in the blanks. Creative writing plays a vital role in telling a good story, with writers developing characters and plots before the illustrations are drawn.

Although the illustrators bring the stories to life, it’s the writers who brief the artists on character descriptions, and character development, they imagine the detailed backstories and build the world that the artist will eventually interpret. They also need to think about narrative that moves the story forward without using too many words (the less space you use up on the page with words, the better).

That’s a lot of collaboration and a lot of people working on one story idea. So, where do you start?

Here’s how writing a graphic novel as part of a creative team allows you to assemble all those pieces into a cohesive whole.

How To Create A Graphic Novel

All graphic novels, like everything in life, begin with an idea.

Your graphic story is about telling your readers something, usually in a standard storytelling three act structure (beginning, middle and end).

• Your characters and your world are introduced
• The characters want something
• Roadblocks are placed in their way
• They succeed or don’t succeed by the end
• They are changed by their personal journeys

A great story arc, inner conflict, good narrative, detailed world…all these things are important, as they would be in text based novels, the difference is you have to make that story fit into a comic book script format.

A Comic Book Script

Graphic novels are written in a method similar to, but distinct, from a screenplay. This is called a comic book script. Writers plot their stories via narration boxes.

There are numerous approaches to creating a comic book script. The comic book writer Fred Van Lente has the gold standard on his website available as a downloadable template; many of the best writers in the industry have followed or adapted this template for their own use.

A script goes page by page and describes for the artist, colourist and letterer exactly what is happening in order.

Scripts can be written in full-script form, which is broken down by panel with all captions and dialogue and is as specific as possible without doing the artist’s job for them.

Scripts can also be done plot-first, or “Marvel style,” which was common in the 1960s through the 1980s and is much less common today, though still in use. In this approach, a few paragraphs of plot are written out, with or without dialogue. The artist interprets this plot into a full-length story, and then the writer goes back and adds the dialogue.

Whichever approach is taken, after the art comes back, often a writer will rewrite the dialogue depending on how much space the artist has provided in the panels. Also, during the drawing process, the artist will sometimes add or delete panels from the script for better narrative flow, and rewriting dialogue to fit this new layout is key.

Sometimes, a writer will provide panel layouts for the artist, which refers to the order and size of panels within a page. The Thumb Book is a great method for sketching out specific layouts for an artist to follow.

The Creative Team

Other than writing a script, you’ll need to find additional members of your creative team in order to complete the graphic novel.

Don’t cut corners! Each member of the team is important and should be professional and treated so. As a writer, you are likely the originator of the graphic novel’s concept and may handle business affairs associated with it; however, it is best practice to be legal co-creators of the work with the artist, as the visual interpretation is just as important as the writing.

When seeking a publisher for a graphic novel, it’s not necessary that the entire graphic novel be completed upfront.

Instead, the creators will put together a submission package, which can include a summary of the work, a chapter-by-chapter outline, a list of characters, a sample script, biographies of the creative team, and several pages of completed sample art. Graphic novel creators can use this package and either seek a literary agent, who will submit to publishers on their behalf in exchange for a percentage of income, or submit to publishers directly.

Graphic novel creators can also self-publish, which involves paying to print, market and distribute the graphic novel themselves. Self-publishers may choose to only release the graphic novel digitally, or include a print edition also. Funds for self-publishing can be raised through crowdfunding platforms like Kickstarter or funded with personal money.

Graphic Novel Examples

To really understand this type of storytelling it’s important to read graphic novels – and lots of them! There are many graphic novels created by masters of the form that must be studied intensely by aspiring graphic novelists. Learn well from these examples, go forth and do likewise.

Here are just a few examples; there are many more not listed:

A Contract with God , by Will Eisner Considered the first graphic novel, this masterwork from the creator of The Spirit involves poor Jewish residents of a New York City tenement.

The Dark Knight Returns , by Frank Miller and Klaus Janson The story that birthed the grim-and-gritty era in superhero comics and offered a morally ambiguous, older Batman.

Daredevil: Born Again , by Miller and David Mazzucchelli The other legendary work written by Miller and the best portrayal of Daredevil before or since.

Maus , by Art Spiegelman A non-fiction, Pulitzer-prize biography of both the author and his father, a Holocaust survivor. In a twist, the characters are anthropomorphised animals.

A Map to the Sun , by Sloane Leong A stellar recent graphic novel about the five players of a struggling girls’ basketball team, this work is known for its dazzling pastels.

The Sandman , by Neil Gaiman and various artists A long-form work by the legendary fantasy writer working with some of the best artists in the business and about the Endless, a family of mythological beings.

Heartstopper , by Alice Oseman This began as a webcomic, then a million-selling graphic novel series, then a TV show, about young gay love in a British high-school setting.

Ghost World , by Daniel Clowes Possibly the most 90s story on this list, this story of two best friends and their dysfunctional, co-dependent relationship was turned into a movie.

All-Star Superman , by Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely Grant Morrison understands Superman more than almost anyone, and that’s never more apparent than in this standalone work featuring an idealised, optimistic version of the character.

Watchmen , by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons This famously deconstructionist series takes superheroes apart and puts them back together with a satirical, critical lens.

March , by John Lewis, Andrew Aydin and Nate Powell Possibly the best autobiographical comic ever written, about the late congressman John Lewis and his struggles for civil rights.

Check, Please! , by Ngozi Ukazu An extremely endearing and funny story about a Canadian college hockey team and one of its stars, who is in love with another player and is really good at baking.

Chainsaw Man , by Tatsuki Fujimoto One of many masterful manga, this is a deeply funny, violent and satirical story about a down-on-his luck loser who becomes a great demon fighter after fusing with his dog, complete with built-in chainsaw head.

Tips For Writing A Graphic Novel

When creating your first graphic novel, here are some things to keep in mind.

Study The Experts

Read some of the graphic novels above. Seek out their comic scripts online and study those, too. Try to see the structure behind the comics, including panels per page, the amount and flow of dialogue, and rising and falling action.

Think Visually

Nobody wants to read page after page of talking heads. When characters are talking, put something in their hands, have them pace around the room, show them making coffee at the same time.

Start Small And Go Big

You may have an epic, 12-volume series in your head set in a giant world, but focus on a few characters and a simple narrative told well within that world.

One good example in the film world: Mad Max Fury Road has extremely detailed world building behind it, but the movie revolves around a single chase scene and the characters being chased and doing the chasing. Boil your story down to its essence.

Keep It Real

You may have a childhood dream to write for Marvel or DC, but create graphic novels for their own sake. Write for yourself. Tell stories that are meaningful to you, not as a stepping stone to writing superheroes. Marvel or DC may come calling eventually, or they may not, but that should never be the end goal.

How To Find Inspiration

If you’re struggling to come up with the basic idea for your first graphic novel, carry around a pad of paper and a pen, or make use of the voice memo feature of your mobile. Experience the world around you and ideas will come to you.

Watching a movie in a theatre can trigger a new way to tell a similar story in your head without copying. Even watching a bad movie or reading a terrible novel can be inspiring , as it can spur you to want to make something better and put it out into the world as penance for something so bad daring to exist.

They say that every written work is really about the author, and that’s never more true than graphic novels.

Even when writing a biography of someone else, that graphic novel will still end up being highly personal. Don’t be afraid to put aspects of your own personality into the characters, even if there is no one character that’s exactly you.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the format of a graphic novel.

A graphic novel isn’t a genre but a format. They differ from text novels in that they use sequential artwork to help tell a complete story. Unlike comics and manga, they are normally a single story bound in a book format.

How Long Does It Take To Write A Graphic Novel?

Like any type of book, the writing process and creativity involved in writing a graphic novel can vary from creator to creator. Because it’s a collaborative process, the time to produce a graphic novel – from idea to printed copy – can take anything between one to three years.

How Many Pages Is A Graphic Novel?

Graphic novels tend to be longer than manga and comic books, with stories ranging from anywhere between forty-eight pages all the way to five hundred!

Now It’s Time To Create Your Own Graphic Novel

I hope you’ve been empowered by this article to go out and make a graphic novel of your own. You now know what a graphic novel is, what makes one work and how to go about writing a graphic novel. Plus you now have a reading list of some of the best examples in the business.

So download yourself a script template and turn your ideas into reality. Go and create that graphic novel that you’d always wished existed!

About the author

Steve Horton is the New York Times bestselling writer and co-creator of the graphic novel Bowie: Stardust, Rayguns and Moonage Daydreams , winner of two Eisner Awards. He lives in Florida with his wife, three kids and three very needy cats. For more on Steve, see his Twitter. 

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Blog • Understanding Publishing

Posted on Sep 12, 2018

How to Write an Incredible Synopsis in 4 Simple Steps

About the author.

Reedsy's editorial team is a diverse group of industry experts devoted to helping authors write and publish beautiful books.

About Savannah Cordova

Savannah is a senior editor with Reedsy and a published writer whose work has appeared on Slate, Kirkus, and BookTrib. Her short fiction has appeared in the Owl Canyon Press anthology, "No Bars and a Dead Battery". 

Your novel is fully written, edited, and polished to perfection — you’re ready to pitch it to agents! But you’re missing a critical piece of persuasion: the synopsis. Even after putting together your entire book, you may have no idea how to write one, or even how to approach it.

Luckily, we’ve got answers for you. Read on for our best tips on writing a synopsis that’s clear, concise, captivating… and may even lead to an all-out agent battle over your novel!

What is a synopsis?

A synopsis is a summary of a book that familiarizes the reader with the plot and how it unfolds. Although these kinds of summaries also appear on the pages of school book reports and Wikipedia, this guide will focus on constructing one that you can send out to agents (and eventually publishers).

Your novel synopsis should achieve two things: firstly, it should convey the contents of your book, and secondly, it should be intriguing!

While you don’t need to pull out all the marketing stops at this stage, you should have a brief hook at the beginning and a sense of urgency underlying the text that will keep your reader going. It should make potential agents want to devour your whole manuscript — even though they’ll already know what happens.

While writing your synopsis, make sure that it includes:

• A complete story arc
• Your own voice and unique elements of your story
• The ending or resolution ( unlike in a blurb )

As for the ideal length for this piece, it varies from project to project. Some authors recommend keeping it to 500 words, while others might write thousands. However, the standard range is about one to two single-spaced pages (or two to five double-spaced pages). And if you're interested in knowing how to format the whole of your manuscript for submission, we recommend downloading this manuscript format template. 

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You may also want to have an additional “brief” summary prepared for agents who specifically request a single page or less. Remember: as hard as it will be to distill all your hard work into that minimal space, it’s crucial to keep your synopsis digestible and agent-friendly.

How to write a novel synopsis in 4 steps

1. Get the basics down first

When it comes to writing a synopsis, substance is the name of the game. No matter how nicely you dress it up, an agent will disregard any piece that doesn’t demonstrate a fully fleshed out plot and strong narrative arc. So it stands to reason that as you begin writing, you should focus on the fundamentals.

Start with major plot points

Naturally, you want agents to be aware of your story's plot . So the best way to start summarizing your story is to create a list of those plot points, including:

• The inciting incident — what sparks the central conflict of your story?
• The events of the rising action — what happens in the interlude between the inciting incident and the climax, and how does this build tension ?
• The height of the action, or climax , of your story — this one is the most important, as it should be the most exciting part of your book !
• The resolution or ending — again, unlike a blurb, a synopsis doesn’t need to dangle the carrot of an unknown ending to the reader; you can and should reveal your story’s ending here, as this brings the plot and narrative arc to a close.

Listing these points effectively maps out the action and arc of your story, which will enable the reader to easily follow it from beginning to end.

Include character motivations

The key here is not to get too deep into characterization, since you don’t have much room to elaborate. Instead, simply emphasize character goals and motivations at the beginning and end of your synopsis — first as justification for the inciting incident, then again to bring home the resolution. For example:

Beginning: “Sally has spent the past twenty years wondering who her birth parents are [motivation]. When a mysterious man offers her the chance to find them, she spontaneously buys a ticket to Florence to begin her journey [inciting action].”

Ending: “She returns to the US with the man who was her father all along [resolution], safe in the knowledge that she’ll never have to wonder about him again [restated motivation].”

Also note how the text here is written in third person, present tense, as it should be regardless of the tense or POV of your actual book. Writing a synopsis in first or second person doesn’t really work because it’s not meant to be narrated — just summarized. Basically, the present tense works to engage the reader while the third person allows the story to be told smoothly.

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2. Highlight what’s unique

Now it’s time to spice up your synopsis by highlighting the elements that make it unique. Agents need to know what’s so special about your book in particular — and moreover, is it special enough to get readers to pick it up? Below are some features you might employ to grab an agent’s attention and assure them of your book’s appeal.

Your writing voice is an essential tool here: it conveys your novel’s tone and is one of the most important factors in making your work stand out. However, it’s also one of the most difficult elements to evoke in such a small amount of space.

The best way to capture voice in a synopsis is through extremely deliberate word choice and sentence structure. So if you were Jane Austen, you’d use clever words to magnify your wit: “When Darcy proposes to her apropos of nothing, Elizabeth has the quite understandable reaction of rejecting him.” You may not be able to use all the elaborate prose of your novel, but your synopsis should still reflect its overall feeling.

Plot twists

Even though they’re one of the oldest tricks in the book, readers will never tire of juicy plot twists. If your novel contains one or more of these twists, especially at the climax, make sure your synopsis accentuates it. But don’t hint too much at the twist, as this will make it seem more dramatic when it comes; a couple of words in the intro will suffice as foreshadowing.

For instance, if you were writing a summary of Gone Girl , you might open with “Nick Dunne wakes up one morning to find that his wife, Amy, has apparently disappeared. ” This implies that she may not be as “gone” as we think she is, setting the stage for the later reveal.

Point of view

Another aspect that might set your book apart is a distinctive point of view . Since you’ll be giving your synopsis in third person, you can limit this inclusion to an introductory sentence: “This book is narrated from the point of view of a mouse.”

Although this strategy works best for books with a highly unusual point of view (such as The Book Thief by Markus Zusak, in which the story is told by Death), it can also be very helpful to remember for seemingly bog-standard narrators. If one of your characters narrates in first person, make sure to address their individual narrative quirks as well as any biases or limitations; highlighting a narrator who's not the most reliable can really add to your novel’s intrigue!

3. Edit for clarity and excess

Don’t shroud your synopsis in mystery; this is very frustrating to agents who just want to know what happens in your book! With that in mind, after you’ve written the bulk of your summary, it’s time to edit for clarity. You also may have to delete some text, so you can get it right in that couple-page sweet spot.

Editing for clarity

The paramount rule of synopses is a real doozy: tell, don’t show. It’s the opposite of that classic adage that writers have heard their whole lives, and it’s exactly what you need to write a successful synopsis. 

As you return to what you’ve written, scan for sentences that are vague or unclear, especially toward the beginning. Many writers fall into the trap of trying to hook agents by opening with a sentence akin to the first murky line of a literary novel. Again, though you do want your intro to be intriguing, it has to cut to the chase pretty quickly.

When it comes to opening a synopsis, you need to think like Tolkien, not Tolstoy. “In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit.” Crisp, clear, and to the point: one of the very few times you should tell, rather than show.

Editing excess words

If your synopsis is longer than a couple of pages at this point, you need make some serious cutbacks. Read through what you have, scrutinizing every sentence and word, even if you think you’ve chosen them carefully. Reduce any run-on sentences or subordinate clauses that unnecessarily lengthen your piece.

Finally, eliminate irrelevant details — anything that doesn’t lead to the next plot point or directly contribute to your voice or other distinctive elements. It’s unlikely you’ll have included any of these in the first place, but just in case they’ve slipped through, cut them. Save the frills for your book; remember, your synopsis is all about substance .

4. Make sure it flows

By the time it’s finished, your synopsis should read like a summary from an excellent book review — or at the very least SparkNotes or Shmoop. This means not only clearly and concisely hitting every important point, but also reading in a smooth manner, placing just the right amount of emphasis on the critical moments and unique aspects we’ve discussed.

Get test readers

A great way to ensure that your synopsis is paced precisely and flows well is to give it to test readers, either someone you know or a professional editor . You’ve spent way too much time with these words to be objective about them, so pay attention to what other people suggest: possible word substitutions, transitions, and which details to emphasize versus delete.

Use professional synopses as models

You don’t want to look at examples of other synopses too soon, otherwise yours will come out sounding formulaic and stale. That said, professional synopses can be a very valuable tool for refining toward the end of the process! Compare and contrast them to the synopsis you’ve written, and adapt any techniques or turns of phrase you feel would enhance it.

Here’s an example of a strong (albeit brief) synopsis of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens , courtesy of the Oxford Companion to English Literature:

Phillip Pirrip, more commonly known as “Pip,” has been brought up by his tyrannical sister, wife of the gentle Joe Gargery. He is introduced to the house of Miss Havisham who, half-crazed by the desertion of her lover on her bridal night, has brought up the girl Estella to use her beauty as a means of torturing men. Pip falls in love with Estella and aspires to become a gentleman.

Money and expectations of more wealth come to him from a mysterious source, which he believes to be Miss Havisham. He goes to London, and in his new mode of life meanly abandons the devoted Joe Gargery, a humble connection of whom he is now ashamed.

Misfortunes come upon him. His benefactor proves to be an escaped convict, Abel Magwich, whom he as a boy had helped. Pip’s great expectations fade away and he is penniless. Estella meanwhile marries his sulky enemy Bentley Drummle, by whom she is cruelly ill treated.

In the end, taught by adversity, Pip returns to Joe Gargery and honest labor. He and Estella, who has also learnt her lesson, are finally reunited.

This synopsis works well because it includes:

• The inciting incident (Pip moving in with Miss Havisham), the rising action (him being in London), the climax (returning to Joe Gargery), and the resolution (reuniting with Estella)
• Character motivations (Miss Havisham wants to punish all men because her fiancé betrayed her; Pip wants to become a gentleman so Estella will fall in love with him)
• A plot twist (Pip’s benefactor being a criminal — whom he knows from his childhood!)
• Distinctive voice (formal yet engaging, doesn’t detract from the plot) and smoothly written style (events are chronological and progress quickly)

Your synopsis is one of the biggest deciding factors in whether an agent wants to see more from you or not. No matter how chipper your query letter , the bottom line is that this summary tells agents (and later publishers) what they really need to know: what your book is about, what makes it unique, and most importantly, if they can sell it. 

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That’s why it’s vital that you make your synopsis airtight. Fortunately, if you’ve followed these steps, yours will be chock full of plot details with a touch of your own special writing sauce: a synopsis that any agent (hopefully) won’t be able to resist. 

Many thanks to Reedsy editors (and former agents) Sam Brody and Rachel Stout  for consulting on this piece!

Do you have any tips for writing an irresistible synopsis? Leave them in the comments below!

2 responses

Elizabeth Westra says:

12/09/2018 – 22:10

This looks interesting, and I will read every word, but this would be different for a picture book. You only get one page to query for many children's books.

Dorothy Potter Snyder says:

14/10/2018 – 20:11

I am curious if anyone has ideas on how translators can write a synopsis for agents / publishers of works in translation? Might there be something about why this author is important in his/her country of origin and literary tradition? Which authors more known to English language readers might relate to this author (they've never heard of before)?

Comments are currently closed.

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Table of Contents

How many chapters should a nonfiction book have?

Does chapter size really matter, so, how long should a chapter be, how long should book chapters be (what authors need to know).

When I started teaching people how to write their own nonfiction books, I was surprised by how many questions I received about book chapters —especially about chapter length.

“How long should a chapter be?”

“How many chapters do I need?”

“Should my chapters have sections?”

I was stumped as to why there were so many questions about chapters, and then an Author made it all clear:

“I’m just confused and looking for some rules to follow.”

Ahh yes. When we’re doing something new, it’s natural to want guidelines.

Here’s the problem: there are no “rules” for book chapters.

There are some standard ways of doing things and some conventions that most Authors follow. But for any “rule” you can find, I can show you exceptions that break it—and do it well.

That said, it’s worth laying out those standards, conventions, and averages, at least as a place to start.

In this blog post, I’ll answer the most common questions about chapters, and I’ll give you some basic guidelines to help you as you write your book .

Most nonfiction books have between 5 and 20 chapters.

Any less than 5 and your chapters may be running long or may contain too many ideas.

That said, there are plenty of books with 30 or 40 chapters. And some books, usually with very short chapters, can have 50+.

There’s no “right” answer to this question.

The standard conventions I’ll lay out in this post aren’t unbreakable rules written in stone. You should always make your own decisions about what works for your book.

If you’re looking for help structuring your book into parts and chapters, try this outline template as a starting point.

Why does it matter how long your chapters are? It matters because of:

• what readers need
• what a chapter is

Understanding what a chapter is can really help when you’re deciding how to structure your book.

A chapter is one of the main ways to divide and separate your book into distinct ideas.

Generally speaking, a single chapter of a nonfiction book is:

• a single cohesive idea, and/or
• a step in the process you are describing, and/or
• a single argument or position

It can be one or all of those things.

So, the length of your chapters should be determined by the number of words it takes to present that idea, step, or argument fully, without over explaining it.

Rule 1. Short enough, and long enough

If chapters break your book into digestible ideas, the right chapter length comes down to how to present those ideas.

Readers need to grasp the content of your book so they can come away with a deep enough understanding to apply their new knowledge.

Readers also need to stay interested so they’ll read the whole thing.

Complex ideas might need longer chapters, but those run the risk of dragging and losing your reader’s attention.

Shorter chapters are easier to digest, but they run the risk of not giving the reader enough information.

Putting those together, here’s the first “rule” of chapter length. A chapter should be:

• Short enough to hold a reader’s interest
• Long enough to give that reader what they need

Rule 2. Shorter is better than longer

One mistake I see a lot of Authors make is trying to tell the reader everything there is to know about a subject.

But most readers aren’t reading your book out of general curiosity.

They’re reading your book to learn how to solve a problem.

Your readers want:

• all the information they need to solve that problem
• only what they need (and no more)

Authors tend to be great at the first part and lousy at the second. They offer a ton of extra information that might feel interesting to them but doesn’t help the reader.

Because of that natural tendency, err on the side of short chapters over long chapters. You’re far better off leaving your readers wanting more than you are boring them.

If they want more, they’ll find you. If you bore them, they’ll just walk away.

Rule 3. It’s good to be average

When it comes to chapter word count, it’s good to be average.

For one thing, being average meets readers’ expectations. If they thumb through your book and see chapters that fit their expectations, they’ll feel more comfortable about their ability to digest them.

Longer chapters, on the other hand, come with the possibility of turning readers off before they even buy the book.

If a reader starts looking through your book on Amazon and that next chapter feels like it never comes, or if the table of contents presents monstrous 40-page chapters, there’s a good chance they’ll feel intimidated by the content.

If you’d like some guidelines, you can assume that the average nonfiction book is about 50k words and that most nonfiction books have about 12 chapters.

So around 4,000 words would be an “average” chapter length.

That number actually lines up pretty well with the data we have on this. But again, that number should neither be a goal nor a constraint. It’s just a convention.

But it’s a convention that fits within your reader’s attention span.

One thing to remember about average chapter lengths is that they’re driven by:

• how much information most readers need to understand a good chapter topic
• the average attention span most readers have in absorbing a single idea

Rule 4. The Goldilocks limits

Chapters can be 500 words, or even 10,000. It all depends on how much you dive into an idea and how far you go with that idea.

That said, you never want your readers to think:

• “That chapter was too short,” or
• “That chapter was too long”

You want your chapters to be just right.

As a general rule, if a chapter is under 1,000 words, it might not be a whole idea or chapter. It might be part of something else. See if it makes more sense to combine it with another chapter.

If your chapter is more than 5,000 words, see if you can break it into different ideas. Maybe you can’t, and that’s okay. It’s just something to consider.

But if a chapter is more than 10,000 words, you should probably break it into two or more chapters.

Remember, books are structured in parts, chapters, and sections.

A part is simply a set of chapters that go together and fall under a larger idea.

So, if your chapter is more than 10K words, it might really be a part , not a chapter. See if you can break it into distinct ideas that would make good chapters.

Rule 5. Use chapter breaks wisely

Even the longest chapter in the world can be a page-turner if it’s structured and formatted well.

Chapter structure is about how you use sections to break up your chapter. A chapter might be a single idea, but each section should present a coherent piece of that idea.

If you break your chapters into small enough pieces, readers won’t have any trouble following them. In fact, they won’t even be intimidated if they flip through a long chapter ahead of time—as long as they see those breaks.

This is one of the ways Authors break the “rules” successfully.

Rule 6. Formatting makes a huge difference

Another way to make long chapters seem friendlier is to use smart formatting in your book.

Presenting material with charts, graphs, images, headings, bullet points, and other special formatting breaks up all that text and makes the content feel more manageable to the reader.

But it isn’t just about how to structure your content. It’s about the formatting itself.

Interior book designers use negative space (empty space) to make content feel more approachable.

When it comes to small, tightly-packed, unvarying text versus loose, flowing text with differentiated headings, the loose, flowing text will win out every time.

Your concepts are complex enough as it is. Don’t make your readers work harder by laying those concepts out in a way that’s difficult to take in. Readers won’t buy the book.

For one thing, they don’t want to work harder than they have to. But they also won’t have much faith in you as an Author if your book looks like you didn’t really put the work in.

Rule 7. Your chapters don’t have to be the same length

In fact, having chapters of similar length doesn’t matter at all. If one chapter is 5,000 words, and the next 1,200, and then 3,000, and then 1,000, that’s completely fine.

It might even be beneficial. Varying the flow can make the book read better, depending on what you’re saying.

It’s far more important to worry about the flow of ideas for the reader than to worry about any of these chapter guidelines. Your book is written for your reader, so make chapter decisions based on what makes the best book for them.

Rule 8. There are no rules

When you’re staring at the first chapter of the first draft of your first book, it’s natural to look for writing advice with hard and fast rules.

Should you use 3,000 word chapters or 4,000 word chapters? Where should one chapter end and a new chapter begin?

But there’s no bestseller formula when it comes to chapter length. There just isn’t.

The only real rule is to make your chapters work for your readers. If readers understand each chapter, connect the ideas, and flow easily from one to the next, that’s all that matters.

A book’s structure is never about confining the Author. It’s about serving the reader.

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What should be the ideal length of sentences in a blog post for ease of reading?

I have heard many times that you should always keep the sentence length to the minimum as possible, as it makes reading easy, fast and more important understandable to readers.

I'm wondering: What should be the ideal length threshold to follow for a sentence while writing a blog post?

• creative-writing

• 2 A little tip about markdown: you need to hit Enter twice to get a paragraph. Or you need two spaces at the end of the line before hitting Enter once to get a soft linebreak. You can see the result in the little preview below the box where you type your post. And if you want to check out how others do something yo ucan click on the little "edit" link at the end of their post which will send you to the "suggest an edit" view where you can look at their markdown. For more information click here . –  Secespitus Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 9:40
• Do you actually mean the length of the sentence in words, independent of the layout? Or do you by chance mean the number of characters in the line across the page? If the latter, answer = 75. –  Oscar Bravo Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 12:44
• I mean # of words in a sentence particularly. –  Prasad_Joshi Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 13:47
• 1 Depending what you write about (e.g. literary versus informational), the structure might be more important than length. I usually quote "The Science of Scientific Writing" about that. –  Pablo H Commented Mar 20, 2019 at 11:48
• 1 @OscarBravo How did you come up with 75? A while ago I counted the number of characters per line used in novels and newspaper articles and concluded that the average was 100 including spaces. –  CJ Dennis Commented Mar 21, 2019 at 2:13

8 Answers 8

Sentences should not be longer than 25 words, and ideal length is around 14 words..

The Inside GOV.UK blog cites research that finds that

when average sentence length is 14 words, readers understand more than 90% of what they’re reading. At 43 words, comprehension drops to less than 10%. Studies also show that sentences of 11 words are considered easy to read, while those of 21 words are fairly difficult. At 25 words, sentences become difficult, and 29 words or longer, very difficult.

As a consequence, the GOV.UK style guide limits sentence length to 25 words.

The GOV.UK website needs to be accessible for everyone, so you might be tempted to think that when you write for a highly educated and intelligent audience you may allow yourself longer sentences, as @celtschk has recommended in their answer. But unless you publish academic research articles on your blog, that reasoning is wrong. As the cited blog post explains,

[l]ong sentences aren't just difficult for people who struggle with reading or have a cognitive disability like dyslexia or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. They're also a problem for highly literate people with extensive vocabularies. This is partly because people tend to scan, not read. In fact, most people only read around 25% of what’s on a page. This means it’s important to get information across quickly. [...] Long, complicated sentences force users to slow down and work harder to understand what they’re reading. This isn’t something people want to do, even if they’re familiar with the subject or language you’re using. It’s easy to assume this isn’t the case for highly literate readers or people considered experts. Yet the more educated a person is, and the more specialist their knowledge, the more they want it in plain English. These people often have the least time and most to read. Which means they just want to understand your point and move on, quickly.

So, whoever your audience is, if you want your blog posts to be read, stick to the upper limit of 25 words and make most of your sentences around 14 words long.

In case you think that these lengths only apply online and that printed fiction generally has longer sentences, here are some average sentence lengths for you to consider:

• Victor Hugo, Les Miserables: 15.56 words per sentence
• Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: 18.38
• Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice: 20.54
• Arthur Conan Doyle, Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: 15.48
• Lewis Carroll, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland: 17.71
• Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities: 17.66
• James Joyce, Ulysses: 7.23
• Herman Melville, Moby Dick: 21.32
• Bram Stoker, Dracula: 16.52
• Jane Austen, Sense & Sensibility: 23.15
• Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities: 17.711
• Mark Twain, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer: 14.568
• J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit: 16.342
• C.S. Lewis, The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe: 15.175
• J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and The Sorcerer's Stone: 11.767
• Stephenie Meyer, Twilight: 9.629

And while John Green's The Fault in Our Stars begins with the 52 word sentence cited by @DPT in their comment, it has an average sentence length of only 11.12091 words!

The above are recommendations for English. So how about other languages? For German, the Deutsche Presse Agentur , the largest press agency in Germany, sets the upper limit for optimal comprehension at 9 words and the absolute allowed maximum length at 30 words. The Bild Zeitung, Germany's largest tabloid newspaper, has an average sentence length of 12 words. Ludwig Reiners in his book on style sets the maximum length of easy to understand sentences at 18 words; Wilfried Seibicke, a linguist and specialist in stylistics, recommends an average of 10 to 15 words.

Given the similarity between the recommendations for English (an analytic language ) and German (a fusional language ), I would assume that other indoeuropean languages have similar ideal word lengths, while agglutinative (e.g. Turkic or Finnish) and polysynthetic languages, where sentences consist of very few very long words, will have other ideal lengths.

This answer, by the way, has an average sentence length of 20.8125 words (not counting the citations).

As requested, some statistics for John Green's The Fault in Our Stars (all values are sentence lengths in words):

N = 5763, M = 11.42, SD = 11.93, Mdn = 8, range = 1-160

That is, the average sentence is 11 words long; half of all sentences are 8 words long or shorter; 88% or 5089 of all sentences are between 1 and 23 words long. The modus (most frequent sentence length) lies at 3 words with 574 sentences. Here is a histogram illustrating the distribution:

• 3 Hmm... the Gov.uk cites two sources, one is a dead link. The other goes to a reproduction of an article from the "the Press Institute of India" which simply repeats assertions from other sources. I'm not sure that this information is really as solid as you are suggesting in your bolded assertion. It's probably good advice regardless but it does not seem to have the solid backing of research. –  Jack Aidley Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 14:32
• 2 It looks like the comprehension figures come from here - wyliecomm.com/2018/08/how-long-should-sentences-be - which claims an uncited American Press Institute study as its source. –  Jack Aidley Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 14:38
• 8 The sentence "So, whoever your audience is, if you want your blog posts to be read, stick to the limit of 25 words and make most of your sentences around 14 words long." is perfectly clear but is 31 words long. It is, ironically, a self-refuting sentence. –  Mark Amery Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 15:36
• 3 I'd love to see the numbers plus/minus dialog. Dialog snatches and dialog ending in a ? or ! followed by 'he cried.' or 'she asked.' seem as though they would pull the average downward rapidly. Narrative heavy books I'd expect to have higher averages. –  SFWriter Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 16:04
• 1 @DPT So would I. –  user37351 Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 16:14

Each sentence must be exactly as long as it need be; never longer.

Sentences establish the rhythm of your writing. Sentence construction -- length, rhythm, variation, and rhyme -- are the tools that align writing and oratorical style.

A blog post is a short experience. You tease ideas. You dip a reader's mind into your logic and hope to bring them back for a fuller reveal.

Writing must be interesting. You must get attention. You must gnarl expectations leaving a twisted discomfort that only more of your ideas can relax. Draw your reader into a conceptual labyrinth, drawn by the promise of a Minotaur-like concept that kills your stagnant processes and eats your quivering misconceptions. Show them that better life waits ahead. Just click.

Readers will follow your link to reveal the greater message.

• 4 ah, this answer really needs a link at the end. I would have clicked it. –  Segfault Commented Mar 20, 2019 at 16:20
• Very nice, answer by example. I would read more! –  forgivenson Commented Mar 21, 2019 at 14:12

It depends on your intended audience.

If your audience is literature professors, then you can use pretty long and complex sentences, as long as you make sure that they are reasonably well-written. Indeed, those professors probably will get quite annoyed if all your sentences are too short and simple.

You write for high school dropouts? Prefer short and simple sentences. Complex sentences challenge them.

Of course the two examples above are extremes. But the basic point is, adapt to your audience.

• 3 The questions asks about ideal sentence length. You recommend "short and simple", but you don't answer the question about length. What is "short"? A sentence with less than 40 words? A sentence with no more than one subordinate clause? And what is "simple"? A sentence written in Simple English? A sentence with no passive voice? A sentence with no technical terms? You really don't give an answer to the question at all. –  user37351 Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 12:43
• 1 @user10915156 The 2nd paragraph is "medium to long" sentences, the 3rd paragraph is "short". The answer is there, just in a slightly subtle way. –  Tim B Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 13:34
• @TimB No. How many words is "short"? Five? Ten? Fifteen? How many words is "medium to long"? Sentences can run several pages in some novels, so are a 100 words still short? Or are thirty words already long? Words like "short" and "long" are extremely vague. So while this answer does recommend that sentences can be longer for trained readers, it doesn't tell us which length is ideal , which is what the question asks. –  user37351 Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 14:19
• @user10915156 It's not possible to be as formulaic as that. Shorter is better for easy comprehension, but depending on the complexity of the subject your 'short' sentences may be longer than the 'long' sentences of a simpler subject. A short explanation of how to make toast will be markedly different in length from a short explanation of the offside rule. –  Ynneadwraith Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 15:55
• @Ynneadwraith Of course. –  user37351 Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 15:58

Hi Prasad_Joshi and welcome!

You have a lot of good (technical and detailed) answers here so I won't add too much. All I'll say is be careful of being too prescriptive with your writing.

Repeated short sentences can sound staccato. Sentences that are laboriously long can lose the reader's attention and become difficult to untangle. Repeated sentences constructed to be exactly X number of words can sound monotone.

The secret to engaging writing is to mix things up a bit. If you write a long sentence, follow it with a short one to give the reader a moment to catch their breath. If you've had to use a series of long sentences to get a point across, tease out the crucial point and let it stand alone. Large paragraph breaks give the reader time to pause and teased out sentences can add clarity. Like this:

"The secret to engaging writing is to mix things up a bit."

Then read it all aloud and make sure it flows with a kind of musicality. If you can't get the words out of your mouth without stumbling, it's likely the reader will stumble over it, too.

Good luck with your blogs!

There is no specific rule about how many words should be there in a easy sentence. As long as the words used are not too complex, not repeating, and are delivering the message clearly, the sentence could be as long as 20 to 40 words (1-2 lines). Focus more on the grammar and punctuation, as they have to be correct for the content to be easily understandable. (I'm considering that the audience of your blog is common public.)

• 2 "As long as the words used are not complex, not repeating, and are delivering the message clearly, the sentence could be as long as 20 to 40 words (1-2 lines)." For comparison, that sentence is 30 words long, if you count the "1-2" as one word. :-) –  user Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 8:53
• @aCVn Hah, right :D –  Bella Swan Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 9:58

In general, writing for the web is expected to be shorter, with briefer sentences, paragraphs, and sections.

I have found PlainLanguage.gov's guidelines extremely helpful. (I linked to the "be concise" section.)

I also really like NNGroup's articles about User Experience design (they used to be "useit.com", which made their focus on usability very clear.) https://www.nngroup.com/topic/writing-web/ is the most relevant category. Some specific articles:

The F-Shaped Scanning Pattern shows how users scan online, especially when they're not sure if they're invested in your material yet.

The Inverted Pyramid - start with your most relevant/important content at the start, instead of leading up to it. an excerpt...

Identify your key points. What piece of information is the key fact you want your readers to know, even if they only read a single paragraph or sentence on the page? What effectively summarizes all the information that will follow? Rank secondary information. Outline the story details and supporting information, prioritizing the information that is most likely to be of interest to the broadest audience, and moving down the list to the smaller and more nuanced details. Write well and concisely. The structure only helps readers if the content is strong. Cut unnecessary information. Get to the point quickly. Use straightforward language. Use short paragraphs and bulleted lists. Frontload all elements of content with important information. The main headline should be descriptive. The story should start with the main point. Each heading or subheading should be descriptive. The first sentence of every paragraph should be the most important. The first words in each sentence should be information-carrying and indicate what content will follow.

Plan Language is for Everyone, Even Experts .

If you think clearly, you will express yourself clearly. Your audience wants easy-to-read content that allows them to get the gist of the message efficiently. No one has ever complained that a text was too easy to understand.

Writing for Lower Literacy Users (which may be 30% of your readers!) Basically, they do NOT scan/skim, but they still want the inverted-pyramid -- most important information first.)

Again, different blogs have different goals and audiences , but on the whole, simpler seems to be better. Still include as much information as is relevant, and vary sentences and everything for stylistic choices and to stay true to your own writing voice . But recognize the audiences may be less patient than you'd wish; simplicity seems to be the current ideal.

• For example, my style tends to be long, but with what I hope are useful links. I don't think I can ask a concise yet useful question as you have done, @Prasad_Josi! –  April Salutes Monica C. Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 17:40

Generally, a sentence in writing should be 10 words or less with 7 WoL being your goal. You can have longer sentences, but if you do, they should be used sparingly or with good reason (such as an excerpt of purple prose for your readers). Longer sentences add more information and more information creates more opportunity to be unclear or confusing. As with all things in writing: just be careful how you do it.

• 2 Do you have a source for your 7-10 word suggestion? –  April Salutes Monica C. Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 17:40
• 1 For reference: the four sentences in that answer have 17, 28, 16, and 13 words resp.. Every one exceeds the rule, most very significantly! (Perhaps that indicates how much credence to give it?) –  gidds Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 20:59
• 1 @April, a father who is an English teacher. Aside from that anecdotal bit of evidence, no I don't. It's just what I have noticed when writing with clear intent. –  Sora Tamashii Commented Mar 20, 2019 at 1:19
• 1 @gidds The reason why I wasn't following the rule is simple: I didn't care enough for an SE answer. I take that rule fairly seriously when I should, though. If desired, I'll respond to you only in that rule. –  Sora Tamashii Commented Mar 20, 2019 at 1:24

TLDR: The shorter the better.

Long version: Respect people's time. Say what you need to say. Be as concise as possible.

• 3 I think removing "TLDR" and "Long version" would improve this answer. –  wizzwizz4 Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 17:33
• 1 @wizzwizz4: It is just my sense of humor. Clearly in this case, both sections are short... But having a TLDR section that succinctly summarizes the rest of the article does invite people to read the rest of it. –  ashleylee Commented Mar 19, 2019 at 17:52

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