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Education and Communications
Official Writing
Report Writing

How to Write a Report

Last Updated: March 15, 2024 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Emily Listmann, MA and by wikiHow staff writer, Amy Bobinger . Emily Listmann is a Private Tutor and Life Coach in Santa Cruz, California. In 2018, she founded Mindful & Well, a natural healing and wellness coaching service. She has worked as a Social Studies Teacher, Curriculum Coordinator, and an SAT Prep Teacher. She received her MA in Education from the Stanford Graduate School of Education in 2014. Emily also received her Wellness Coach Certificate from Cornell University and completed the Mindfulness Training by Mindful Schools. There are 22 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 8,759,387 times.

When you’re assigned to write a report, it can seem like an intimidating process. Fortunately, if you pay close attention to the report prompt, choose a subject you like, and give yourself plenty of time to research your topic, you might actually find that it’s not so bad. After you gather your research and organize it into an outline, all that’s left is to write out your paragraphs and proofread your paper before you hand it in!

Easy Steps to Write a Report

Choose an interesting topic and narrow it down to a specific idea.
Take notes as you research your topic. Come up with a thesis, or main theme of your report, based on your research.
Outline the main ideas you’ll cover in your report. Then, write the first draft.

Sample Reports

Selecting Your Topic

Step 1 Read the report prompt or guidelines carefully.

The guidelines will also typically tell you the requirements for the structure and format of your report.
If you have any questions about the assignment, speak up as soon as possible. That way, you don’t start working on the report, only to find out you have to start over because you misunderstood the report prompt.

For instance, if your report is supposed to be on a historical figure, you might choose someone you find really interesting, like the first woman to be governor of a state in the U.S., or the man who invented Silly Putty.
If your report is about information technology , you could gather information about the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data or information.
Even if you don’t have the option to choose your topic, you can often find something in your research that you find interesting. If your assignment is to give a report on the historical events of the 1960s in America, for example, you could focus your report on the way popular music reflected the events that occurred during that time.

Tip: Always get approval from your teacher or boss on the topic you choose before you start working on the report!

Step 3 Try to pick a topic that is as specific as possible.

If you’re not sure what to write about at first, pick a larger topic, then narrow it down as you start researching.
For instance, if you wanted to do your report on World Fairs, then you realize that there are way too many of them to talk about, you might choose one specific world fair, such as the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, to focus on.
However, you wouldn’t necessarily want to narrow it down to something too specific, like “Food at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition,” since it could be hard to find sources on the subject without just listing a lot of recipes.

Researching the Report

If you don’t have guidelines on how many sources to use, try to find 1-2 reputable sources for each page of the report.
Sources can be divided into primary sources, like original written works, court records, and interviews, and secondary sources, like reference books and reviews.
Databases, abstracts, and indexes are considered tertiary sources, and can be used to help you find primary and secondary sources for your report. [5] X Research source
If you’re writing a business report , you may be given some supplementary materials, such as market research or sales reports, or you may need to compile this information yourself. [6] X Research source

Step 2 Visit the library first if you’re writing a report for school.

Librarians are an excellent resource when you're working on a report. They can help you find books, articles, and other credible sources.
Often, a teacher will limit how many online sources you can use. If you find most of the information you need in the library, you can then use your online sources for details that you couldn’t find anywhere else.

Tip: Writing a report can take longer than you think! Don't put off your research until the last minute , or it will be obvious that you didn't put much effort into the assignment.

Step 3 Use only scholarly sources if you do online research.

Examples of authoritative online sources include government websites, articles written by known experts, and publications in peer-reviewed journals that have been published online.

Step 4 Cross-reference your sources to find new material.

If you’re using a book as one of your sources, check the very back few pages. That’s often where an author will list the sources they used for their book.

Remember to number each page of your notes, so you don’t get confused later about what information came from which source!
Remember, you’ll need to cite any information that you use in your report; however, exactly how you do this will depend on the format that was assigned to you.

For most reports, your thesis statement should not contain your own opinions. However, if you're writing a persuasive report, the thesis should contain an argument that you will have to prove in the body of the essay.
An example of a straightforward report thesis (Thesis 1) would be: “The three main halls of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition were filled with modern creations of the day and were an excellent representation of the innovative spirit of the Progressive era.”
A thesis for a persuasive report (Thesis 2) might say: “The Panama-Pacific International Exposition was intended as a celebration of the Progressive spirit, but actually harbored a deep racism and principle of white supremacy that most visitors chose to ignore or celebrate.”

The purpose of an outline is to help you to visualize how your essay will look. You can create a straightforward list or make a concept map , depending on what makes the most sense to you.
Try to organize the information from your notes so it flows together logically. For instance, it can be helpful to try to group together related items, like important events from a person’s childhood, education, and career, if you’re writing a biographical report.
Example main ideas for Thesis 1: Exhibits at the Court of the Universe, Exhibits at the Court of the Four Seasons, Exhibits at the Court of Abundance.

Tip: It can help to create your outline on a computer in case you change your mind as you’re moving information around.

Writing the First Draft

Step 1 Format the report according to the guidelines you were given.

Try to follow any formatting instructions to the letter. If there aren't any, opt for something classic, like 12-point Times New Roman or Arial font, double-spaced lines, and 1 in (2.5 cm) margins all around.
You'll usually need to include a bibliography at the end of the report that lists any sources you used. You may also need a title page , which should include the title of the report, your name, the date, and the person who requested the report.
For some types of reports, you may also need to include a table of contents and an abstract or summary that briefly sums up what you’ve written. It’s typically easier to write these after you’ve finished your first draft. [14] X Research source

Example Intro for Thesis 1: “The Panama-Pacific International Exposition (PPIE) of 1915 was intended to celebrate both the creation of the Panama Canal, and the technological advancements achieved at the turn of the century. The three main halls of the PPIE were filled with modern creations of the day and were an excellent representation of the innovative spirit of the Progressive era.”

Step 3 Start each paragraph in the body of the report with a topic sentence.

Typically, you should present the most important or compelling information first.
Example topic sentence for Thesis 1: At the PPIE, the Court of the Universe was the heart of the exposition and represented the greatest achievements of man, as well as the meeting of the East and the West.

Tip: Assume that your reader knows little to nothing about the subject. Support your facts with plenty of details and include definitions if you use technical terms or jargon in the paper.

Step 4 Support each topic sentence with evidence from your research.

Paraphrasing means restating the original author's ideas in your own words. On the other hand, a direct quote means using the exact words from the original source in quotation marks, with the author cited.
For the topic sentence listed above about the Court of the Universe, the body paragraph should go on to list the different exhibits found at the exhibit, as well as proving how the Court represented the meeting of the East and West.
Use your sources to support your topic, but don't plagiarize . Always restate the information in your own words. In most cases, you'll get in serious trouble if you just copy from your sources word-for-word. Also, be sure to cite each source as you use it, according to the formatting guidelines you were given. [18] X Research source

Step 5 Follow your evidence with commentary explaining why it links to your thesis.

Your commentary needs to be at least 1-2 sentences long. For a longer report, you may write more sentences for each piece of commentary.

Avoid presenting any new information in the conclusion. You don’t want this to be a “Gotcha!” moment. Instead, it should be a strong summary of everything you’ve already told the reader.

Revising Your Report

Step 1 Scan the report to make sure everything is included and makes sense.

A good question to ask yourself is, “If I were someone reading this report for the first time, would I feel like I understood the topic after I finished reading?

Tip: If you have time before the deadline, set the report aside for a few days . Then, come back and read it again. This can help you catch errors you might otherwise have missed.

Step 2 Check carefully for proofreading errors.

Try reading the report to yourself out loud. Hearing the words can help you catch awkward language or run-on sentences you might not catch by reading it silently.

Step 3 Read each sentence from the end to the beginning.

This is a great trick to find spelling errors or grammatical mistakes that your eye would otherwise just scan over.

Step 4 Have someone else proofread it for you.

Ask your helper questions like, “Do you understand what I am saying in my report?” “Is there anything you think I should take out or add?” And “Is there anything you would change?”

Step 5 Compare your report to the assignment requirements to ensure it meets expectations.

If you have any questions about the assignment requirements, ask your instructor. It's important to know how they'll be grading your assignment.

Expert Q&A

↑ https://libguides.reading.ac.uk/reports/writing-up
↑ https://emory.libanswers.com/faq/44525
↑ https://opentextbc.ca/writingforsuccess/chapter/chapter-7-sources-choosing-the-right-ones/
↑ https://libguides.merrimack.edu/research_help/Sources
↑ https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/1779625/VBS-Report-Writing-Guide-2017.pdf
↑ https://www.library.illinois.edu/hpnl/tutorials/primary-sources/
↑ https://libguides.scu.edu.au/harvard/secondary-sources
↑ https://learningcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/taking-notes-while-reading/
↑ https://wts.indiana.edu/writing-guides/how-to-write-a-thesis-statement.html
↑ https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/outline
↑ https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/engl250oer/chapter/10-4-table-of-contents/
↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/thesis-statements/
↑ https://www.yourdictionary.com/articles/report-writing-format
↑ https://www.monash.edu/rlo/assignment-samples/assignment-types/writing-an-essay/writing-body-paragraphs
↑ https://www.grammarly.com/blog/5-most-effective-methods-for-avoiding-plagiarism/
↑ https://wts.indiana.edu/writing-guides/using-evidence.html
↑ https://www.student.unsw.edu.au/writing-report
↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/revising-drafts/
↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/grammarpunct/proofreading/
↑ https://opentextbc.ca/writingforsuccess/chapter/chapter-12-peer-review-and-final-revisions/
↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/editing-and-proofreading/

About This Article

It can seem really hard to write a report, but it will be easier if you choose an original topic that you're passionate about. Once you've got your topic, do some research on it at the library and online, using reputable sources like encyclopedias, scholarly journals, and government websites. Use your research write a thesis statement that sums up the focus of your paper, then organize your notes into an outline that supports that thesis statement. Finally, expand that outline into paragraph form. Read on for tips from our Education co-author on how to format your report! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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How to Write a Report for an Assignment

Academic assignments are very unpredictable. There are various fields, for example, Computer Programming or MBA, that you can be tested on, and one of them is writing a report. Whereas writing an essay is rather general, when report writing, you have to concentrate on factual information while taking any scientific and technical courses. Want to know how to write a report for a university assignment?

This article contains the instructions and guidelines concerning report writing, its target audience, and the problems to be addressed while completing the task.

If you’re a student struggling with a report writing assignment, you might wonder, “ Who can write my assignment for me ?” It’s understandable to feel overwhelmed and seek assistance when faced with a challenging academic task. Fortunately, many online writing services can help you complete your report writing assignment. These services offer professional writers who are experts in various fields and can provide high-quality, original content within your deadline. Before choosing a writing service, research and read reviews to ensure that you select a reputable and trustworthy company. With the right assistance, you can successfully complete your report writing assignment and achieve academic success.

How to Write a Report-Type Assignment: 9 Key Elements to Consider

A report is a short, well-planned, concise document written to address a specific purpose (to analyze a situation or issue) and audience (educators, a chief, subordinates, etc.) When writing a report, you should ensure that you address the highlighted issue adequately, providing evidence for each and every fact you mention. However, if you struggle with any of these steps or don’t have the time to complete the assignment, you may consider using a homework writing service . If you ask, “How to write my report?” the following points will be useful for you:

Title Page. Every paper should have the name given to a particular type of work. You can learn how to write academic-style titles from Mark Fullmer, a teacher of English writing 101/102. If we are speaking about a report, you should state it in the title. Other details that you may need to include are your name, the university, and the date of submission if you are a student. And if you’re a worker who prepares a report for a chief, don’t forget to mention the organization’s name.

Have a look at the example.

Executive summary report. A good report should have a summary that is approximately ½ of a page. The main details that should be included are a briefing on the main ideas discussed in the report, the analysis methods used, findings, and conclusions/recommendations, if any. It is important to clarify this so that your tutor/chief understands what you are doing right from the start of the report.
Table of content. There should be a page of your report where a list of chapters/subsections with headlines and the page numbers are presented. Make this guide useful for your readers as they will easily find what they will be interested in, whether the findings or research methods chapters.
List of abbreviations and symbols. If you are writing, for example, a technical report, there should be a separate list of the abbreviations used in your report. The technical language can be comprehensible for you and your professor, but others will struggle with most technical terms . Moreover, if you use some formulas for calculating, provide these symbols in this list as well.
Introduction. The first chapter of your report should introduce the topic under discussion, some known information, and your approaches to the topic and how they relate to the other works.
The main body. A good report, the topic of which is well-researched, should have 3 sections in the main part – methods, results, and discussion. In this part, you should include the research methods that are used and procedures that are followed to achieve the results of your analysis, then, you are also required to discuss your findings.
Conclusions and recommendations. The concluding chapter should include an overview of the main ideas discussed in the report. Highlight your most central findings without including new ideas. Additionally, you can make suggestions for further research in the field you report on.
Reference list. Every academic paper should have references, and there is no exemption when writing a report. Even if you are supposed to consider a particular subject on your own, you can’t escape from someone’s findings or ideas. Provide a list of the sources you consulted when conducting your research. Details to be included in the reference list are the data of all books, papers, reports, etc., you refer to in the text. In general, all sources are listed in alphabetical order by the surname of the author.
Appendices. This section comprises all derivations, details, schemes, and listings that make your research/analysis in-depth. You may ask why it is necessary to separate this section. Can you imagine how boring it will be to read your report when there are tables, tables, and schemes on its pages? There is such a page for that purpose, but it is not always obligatory to have it in reports.

How to Make a Good Report: 5 Skills Needed

You may think that you need just a pen and a piece of paper to write a report. Indeed, you must have a set of skills to complete this assignment successfully. What are they?

The skill to estimate adequately the time needed to complete the assignment. Usually, a student may procrastinate till the last minute as he/she is sure that it is a very easy task to write a report. Or vice versa – he/she believes this work requires much time. As a result, they spend a week or even weeks entirely on writing a report. What happens, then? Demotivation in studying and a ‘jumpy’ eye are guaranteed to you. As you understand, you should apply all essential time management skills to boost your productivity.
The skill to define the scope of the study. A full understanding of the field of study is very important, but it plays into your hands when you know all the points that should be covered in the research project. So, it has to be defined at a preliminary stage of writing a report to arrive at more logical findings/conclusions. Outline the limitations of your study and the data specifications for your research paper.
The researching skills. The research process involves finding out more about the topic under the question. What does it include in researching? Firstly, using effective tools to collect information. Secondly, refining search queries to obtain better research results. Thirdly, evaluate information found in different sources based on accuracy, validity, and appropriateness for your report. If you have all these skills, you are close to professional report writing.

But what if you don’t have the time or the skills to complete the assignment? In this case, you can use a “do my homework” service to help you with your report. These services can provide expert assistance with research, analysis, and writing to help you produce a high-quality report that meets your requirements and deadlines. Be sure to choose a reputable service that provides original and plagiarism-free work. With the help of a “ do my assignment ” service, you can save time and get the grades you need.

The skill to plan and structure a piece of writing. According to CogniFit , the skill to plan forms our executive functions. It is a process that allows us to choose what needs to be done and what doesn’t. If you can create a framework for your paper writing, it will help you be excellent at it. Even short pieces require planning to be concise and to the point. Your report should fulfill its purpose to answer the assignment question according to a specific structure.
Proofreading and editing skills. You probably want to present your report in the best possible light. Without any doubt, you are tired when finishing the assignment. Without proofreading your work, you might submit a paper with numerous grammar errors, unpunctuated sentences, or spelling mistakes. Moreover, you should remember what style you are required to use – whether it is an APA, MLA, or Harvard. All of them have peculiarities you should pay attention to while producing a report.

After reading this article, don’t just sit and enjoy the victory over report writing. The battle has not started and has not even been won yet. Let today be the day when you know how to write good academic reports. Subsequently, you’ll start writing reports as required. Practice makes perfect!

However, even with practice, some students may still struggle with report writing for various reasons, such as a lack of time or poor writing skills. In such cases, an assignment writing service can come in handy. These services provide professional assistance with report writing, ensuring that you receive a well-structured and well-written report that meets your academic requirements. These services employ experienced writers with the necessary skills and knowledge to handle different reports.

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How to Write a Report for an Assignment: Your Complete Guide

What Is a Report?

How should you structure a report, how to write a report: 7 steps to follow, in conclusion.

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So, you’re tasked with writing a report. While it may seem like a cakewalk, it’s anything but. It requires strong research, analysis, and academic writing skills.

That said, don’t let this assignment intimidate you. With a good guide and some practice, you can ace this assignment. In any case, you can always count on our online assignment writing service to help you with any request.

While it’s up to you to develop your report-writing skills, we can help you out with this comprehensive guide on how to write a report. Below you’ll find everything you need to craft an A-worthy report yourself:

What a report is and how it’s different from other assignments;
A typical structure for this type of paper;
A step-by-step guide on writing one from scratch.

The purpose of a report is to recapitulate factual knowledge on a specific topic, usually without giving your opinion on it. That’s what sets it apart from essays, where you have to include your standpoint on the topic.

Academic reports come in many flavors. The most common of them include:

Informational reports focus on explaining a particular topic through facts in an organized, impersonal, and objective way.
Case studies describe a particular event, person, organization, or phenomenon that serves as an example for a wider research problem.
Book reports summarize a work of fiction or non-fiction and sometimes contain an evaluation part.
History reports describe a historical event or period, its causes, and consequences, all while relying on facts.
Research reports focus on the research conducted by the author, from the methodology to the study’s undergoing and conclusions.

Most reports have to include these nine elements:

Title page . It should contain your name, class or course, instructor’s name, the educational establishment’s name, and the paper’s title.
Executive summary . Think of it as an abstract for your work – it sums up your paper in one paragraph.
Table of contents . Typically used for long reports, it helps readers quickly find this or that section of the paper.
Glossary . If your work includes abbreviations, symbols, or niche terms, you can decipher them in this section.
Introduction . This paragraph is where you present your topic and give some background information that your readers should be aware of. You should also clearly formulate your thesis statement and describe how you’ll approach your topic.
Main body . The longest part of the paper, the main body, is the part where you describe all the facts you’ve discovered during research.
Conclusion . It’s the part where you sum up all the information you presented in the main body. You may also express your interpretation or opinion here (if allowed).
References . This is the list of all sources you cite in the paper, formatted according to the style you have to use.
Appendices . It’s the section with all graphs, tables with data, or illustrations you referenced in the main body.

Typically, you should also include the following elements throughout your paper:

Page numbering;
Headings and subheadings;

Keep in mind: this is a general structure. Before you use it, consult your assignment and see if any instructions there contradict it.

Plus, some elements are defined by the format of writing assignment you’re required to use. For example, the title page is obligatory for APA papers, while it’s optional for Chicago and MLA formats. Page numbering and citation requirements will also differ across styles.

So, you’ve received your assignment, and you’re ready to start working on it. How should you approach it? Follow these seven steps toward a five-star report.

1. Choose Your Topic

If it hasn’t been assigned to you already, you need to choose the topic of your report yourself. Be mindful: your choice can make or break the quality of your paper. For example, if you pick a topic that’s too niche or complex, you may not have enough reliable sources to include in the paper.

But what makes a topic good for writing a report? Here are three questions to ask yourself:

Is there enough information on this topic?
Does it spark interest in you?
Is it original and specific enough?

If you get “yes” for all three questions, this topic can be a good pick for your assignment.

2. Do Your Research

Now that you have your topic, it’s time to gather all the sources for your work. Here are a few tips on doing research for this and any other academic paper:

Check out similar reports or papers – you can use sources provided there, too;
Take notes for every source you may use later on – you can even start creating an outline right away;
Keep in mind that you may have obligatory sources to include – don’t overlook them;
Stick to reliable sources only: research papers, official documents, reputable organizations and institutions specializing in the topic, case studies, etc.;
When searching online, filter out results by the top-level domain (.edu for educational establishments, for example) and prioritize using Google Scholar.

3. Create an Outline

If you struggle with starting to write and end up staring at a blank screen, making an outline is a time-tested way to overcome writer’s block.

An outline is a rough plan for your paper. It typically consists of preliminary headings and subheadings, along with short descriptions of each section’s content and sources.

Your outline doesn’t have to be perfect or well-written! It’s just a way to organize your ideas and information you found during the research.

It’s best to start working on your outline the moment you kick off your research. This way, you won’t forget about a great source or point later.

4. Craft Your Thesis Statement

A thesis statement is that one sentence where you describe what your report is all about. But don’t confuse it with the topic – your thesis statement should be more specific than the topic you initially settled on.

Let’s say you initially chose “the impact of social media on mental health” as the topic for your assignment. Once you do your research, you’ll notice plenty of sources highlighting its negative consequences on mental health. This pattern will help you phrase your thesis statement.

For this example, the thesis statement can be, “Although it has the power to connect people around the globe, social media can lead to a decline in self-esteem, fear of missing out, anxiety and depression, and Snapchat dysmorphia.”

5. Write the First Draft

Now, it’s time for the most time-consuming part of the writing process: crafting the first draft. Your outline will help you a great deal, though: all you need to do is expand on it – and you’ll have your first draft.

You don’t have to start writing at the beginning. The introduction is typically the toughest to craft, along with the conclusion. So, just look at your outline and start typing wherever you feel like it.

You also don’t have to work on your draft linearly. Writing one section close to the end and then working on another one at the beginning is completely fine. You can ensure that you don’t repeat yourself and that your paper’s logic holds up later on.

Don’t worry about the quality of your writing at this stage; just keep writing. First drafts are never perfect, but you’ll polish off yours later on.

A Few Words on the Writing Style

When you get to the writing process or want to buy an assignment from professionals, keep in mind: you’re expected to use the academic assignment writing style. This means you should:

Be concise and to the point;
Avoid using informal words, phrases, and expressions;
Remain objective in your writing;
Write in the third person.

6. Review & Edit the Draft

Ideally, you should let your first draft sit for a day or two. This way, you can revisit it with a fresh pair of eyes. If that’s not an option, put it away for at least 15 minutes.

When you return to your first draft, it’s time to:

Reread your draft – you can do it out loud to catch weird turns of phrases and convoluted sentences;
Make your text more concise and simple;
Check the text for errors in logic, unsubstantiated claims, and repetitions – and fix those;
Proofread your text (you can use tools like Grammarly to make this part easier).

7. Format Your Report

Finally, it’s time to take care of the most boring part: formatting. To ace it, check the formatting style you have to use – and follow it to a T when it comes to:

References list;
Title page;
Headers and footers;
Appendices.

Writing a report is hardly a cakewalk. But it’s not impossible, either! All you need to do is set aside enough time for this assignment, do thorough research – and forget about writing a perfect draft on the first try. You should also stick to being objective and factual in your paper (otherwise, it won’t be a report, right?). By the way, we can now help you to do my assignment on any topic! So the report can now be available in two languages from our team. Good luck!

What is random assignment in psychology?

Take a deep dive into the essence of random assignment in psychology. Learn how it levels the playing field for effective and reliable research.

Reflective Essay Examples: A Comprehensive Guide to Writing With Examples and Tips

Examining examples of reflective essays can provide valuable guidance on completing a reflective essay writing task. Take a look at various samples of reflective essays to enhance your understanding.

Essay On Bullying

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How to Write a Report Properly and Effectively

Written by: Chloe West

If you’re looking for the best way to document information or share your findings in a professional and well thought out manner, a report might be the best way to go. But if you don’t know how to write a report, where should you start?

Report writing is different from many other types of writing, which is why it’s a good idea to do your due diligence before you get started.

What do you need to include in your report? How should you flesh out each section?

There are different report formats based on your specific needs, but the structure tends to remain similar for each.

Let’s go over our steps for how to write a report properly so you can effectively communicate your findings.

Here’s a short selection of 8 easy-to-edit report templates you can edit, share and download with Visme. View more templates below:

1 Determine Your Objective

First and foremost, why are you writing this report? What is the point or goal? Is this an academic report or is it business-related? Perhaps you need to put together an annual report , sales report or financial report.

Also consider who your audience is. Your report might be internal for company use only, or it might be external to present to investors, customers and more.

Is this a periodic report that you’re going to have to revisit every month, quarter or year? Is it for people above you in the company or is it for your department?

Understanding your objective is important to know what your content will contain and where you’ll need to go to pull your information.

2 Put Together an Outline

Never start writing anything without putting together an outline first. This will help you to structure your report, understand what resources you need in order to find all of your results and materials and more.

This outline doesn’t need to be too in depth, but it does give you a starting point for your full report. You can then refer back to this outline throughout your report writing process .

Start with the purpose or objective of your report, then list out your main points and a few bullets underneath that you want to make sure you cover in the contents of your report.

Your outline might look something like this:

3 Gather Your Research

Start searching around your topic and gather the research you need to put together your report. This might be online sources, journals, experiments or just analytics and numbers from your company CRM or sales software .

Add all of the research to your outline so that you know which numbers and information pertains to each of your main points.

Once you’ve finished gathering everything you need to complete your report, you can get started writing.

You might need to go back and find more information and do more research throughout, and that’s okay. But once you feel like you have a grasp of the material you need to cover, you can move onto the next step and get started with a report generator .

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4 How to Write a Report Cover Page

Now we’re ready to get started on your report cover page! When you’re first working on your cover page, it’s a good idea to start with a template .

This helps you to spice up your report design and make it more than a black and white word document. It can also help you design your title page in an aesthetically pleasing way so it stands out to your audience.

Check out this Visme report template cover page below.

how to write a report - cover page example

Customize this report template and make it your own! Edit and Download

When determining how to write a report cover page, there are up to five things you will want to include, the most important of which is naturally your report’s title.

Others include who the report is for, who the report was prepared by (you!), the date or your department within your company.

Having this information right on the report cover page is the best way to let your reader know at a glance exactly what is inside of the report and who it’s for.

5 How to Write a Report Table of Contents

The next part of your report will be your table of contents. While you might not know exactly how your report will be laid out yet, your outline will help you get started here.

As you write your report – or even when you finish writing it – you can come back and update the table of contents to match your headings and subheadings.

Because you want to make it easy to navigate, ensure that all of your page titles and subheadings correlate exactly with what you place in your table of contents.

Take a look at the table of contents in the below report template.

how to write a report - table of contents example

See how they have obvious dividers so it’s easy to determine which section begins on which page? You want to make sure you emulate something similar.

There are many different ways to do this.

For one, you can right align your table of contents so the titles are directly next to the page numbers, like in the example below that was designed right in Visme.

Or you can have a dotted line or other visual flow element that guides the reader’s eye across the table straight to the page number.

Just make sure there’s no confusion in locating the correct page number for each section.

6 How to Write a Report Introduction

The first section you start writing in your report is always a summary or introduction . This should stretch across just one or two pages to give your reader a brief glimpse into what your results or findings are.

Talk about the methodology used to gather the material you cover within your report, whether it was research, an experiment, gathering analytics, looking through CRM data , calculating revenue and more.

You also want to include visuals to help tell your story. This could be anything from photography to icons or graphics. You might even include shapes to help with your design.

Here’s an example of a proposal report introduction with a nice page design and black and white photo to offset the text.

how to write a report - introduction example

7 How to Write a Report Body

Now we’re getting into the meat of your report. You’ve already put together your outline, gathered your research and created your cover page, table of contents and introduction.

This means you should know exactly what the main part of your report is going to contain, making it easier for you to dive into the body.

While reports can vary greatly in length, with shorter reports containing 7-15 pages and longer reports ranging anywhere from 30-50 pages or more, the length tends to depend on your topic. Shorter reports focus on one single topic with longer reports covering multiple.

Take these steps to properly write an effective report body or get assignment writing help .

Split the body into sections.

Although you’ll have each of your main headers in your table of contents – i.e., your introduction, body and conclusion – you’ll also want to include your subheadings.

And you’ll want to divide your report body into various sections based on what it covers.

If you’re creating an annual report, you might divide this up by different months. If you’re creating a financial report, perhaps you’ll divide it up based on various stats and numbers.

There are many different ways to divide your report body into sections, but just like we’ve broken this article up into different subheadings, it’s important to do so. This helps make it easier for your reader to digest each of the different sections.

Take a look at how this report template has broken up the body into bite-sized chunks.

how to write a report - split the body into sections

Dive into your results and findings.

This is where you’ll really get into all of the research you gathered and talk about your topic. Over the course of the subheadings you’ve previously laid out, flesh each one out with the results you’ve discovered.

Reports tend to be more formal in nature, so keep that in mind as you write. Veer away from a more conversational tone, avoid the use of contractions and properly cite all of your sources and results.

Make sure you cover every aspect of your report’s topics, including the most relevant statistics, up-to-date research and more.

Use data visualizations and graphic organizers.

Don’t fill your report to the brim with just text. Including images, icons, graphics, charts and graphic organizers is a great way to further visualize your content and make your point.

If you’re creating a financial report or sales report, data visualizations are key to showcasing your numbers and statistics in an easily digestible way.

Here’s an example of one of our templates that includes charts and graphs within the report pages to make it even easier to understand.

how to write a report - use data visualizations

Learning how to tell a story with data is essential to creating a good report. But you don’t want to stop at just data visualization tools within your report.

Incorporating photos and graphics into your report design is another great way to represent your text and engage your reader. Reports get a bad rap for being boring walls of text, but we encourage you to think outside the box.

Use stock photography and vector icons to help convey your point.

Take a look at the template page below and how it creatively brings in various types of visuals to add more to the page.

Test out each of Visme’s data visualization tools, stock photo library, vector icon selection and more to help your report stand out from the crowd.

Cover the materials used.

Make sure you include which materials were used to find your results and each of your sources. Sometimes this section will be short and sweet, by simply mentioning your CRM software or other tools that you used to pull numbers. Others will be longer.

Whether you used your company’s data or determined your results using an experiment or a third-party source, be sure to include each and every resource used within your report.

Take advantage of Visme's Dynamic Fields to ensure your personal and company data is accurate and consistent throughout your reports.

Summarize each section.

Not every section in your report body will be long enough to need a summary, but if you have a section that includes a lot of information or stretches across a couple of pages, it’s a good idea to summarize it at the end.

This will help your reader make sure they retained all of the information and allow them to skim through your report at a later date by reading your section summaries.

8 How to Write a Report Conclusion

You’re almost done! Now it’s time to write your conclusion and finalize your report.

First, start by summarizing your points. Yes, you wrote small summaries for each section in the body, but now you’re going to give an overall summary of your report’s contents.

Refer to your findings and discuss what they mean. While your body was more for demonstrating your results, you can use the conclusion to talk about their context in the real world, or what they mean for your business.

Then you’ll want to talk about next steps. If your results weren’t as positive as you were hoping, write about what the plan is to make sure they improve for the next time around. Lay out your goals and strategies for using these findings.

And make sure you’re not introducing any new information. While you may be talking about the information in a different way, you should still be exclusively referring to data and content that is already found in your report.

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9 Include Your Sources

You covered your materials and resources used in a section of your report body, but the end of each report should include an entire bibliography that lists each one of your sources in alphabetical order so the reader can easily access more information.

You can also include acknowledgements, giving thanks to particular organizations or people that helped you put together your report contents.

And depending on the purpose of your report, you might also want to include a glossary at the end to help define industry terms for external readers who might not fully understand.

Ready to get started on your next report? Visme makes it easy with premade report templates that allow you to plug in your information and send your report off to its audience!

Learn how to write a report that stands out by following the steps laid out in this article and inputting into a stunning template. Sign up for your Visme account to get started today.

Plus, learn how to design beautiful documents like your next report by watching our quick 5-minute tutorial video.

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About the Author

Chloe West is the content marketing manager at Visme. Her experience in digital marketing includes everything from social media, blogging, email marketing to graphic design, strategy creation and implementation, and more. During her spare time, she enjoys exploring her home city of Charleston with her son.

Study and research support
Academic skills

Report writing

What is a report and how does it differ from writing an essay? Reports are concise and have a formal structure. They are often used to communicate the results or findings of a project.

Essays by contrast are often used to show a tutor what you think about a topic. They are discursive and the structure can be left to the discretion of the writer.

Who and what is the report for?

Before you write a report, you need to be clear about who you are writing the report for and why the report has been commissioned.

Keep the audience in mind as you write your report, think about what they need to know. For example, the report could be for:

the general public
academic staff
senior management
a customer/client.

Reports are usually assessed on content, structure, layout, language, and referencing. You should consider the focus of your report, for example:

Are you reporting on an experiment?
Is the purpose to provide background information?
Should you be making recommendations for action?

Language of report writing

Reports use clear and concise language, which can differ considerably from essay writing.

They are often broken down in to sections, which each have their own headings and sub-headings. These sections may include bullet points or numbering as well as more structured sentences. Paragraphs are usually shorter in a report than in an essay.

Both essays and reports are examples of academic writing. You are expected to use grammatically correct sentence structure, vocabulary and punctuation.

Academic writing is formal so you should avoid using apostrophes and contractions such as “it’s” and "couldn't". Instead, use “it is” and “could not”.

Structure and organisation

Reports are much more structured than essays. They are divided in to sections and sub-sections that are formatted using bullet points or numbering.

Report structures do vary among disciplines, but the most common structures include the following:

The title page needs to be informative and descriptive, concisely stating the topic of the report.

Abstract (or Executive Summary in business reports)

The abstract is a brief summary of the context, methods, findings and conclusions of the report. It is intended to give the reader an overview of the report before they continue reading, so it is a good idea to write this section last.

An executive summary should outline the key problem and objectives, and then cover the main findings and key recommendations.

Readers will use this table of contents to identify which sections are most relevant to them. You must make sure your contents page correctly represents the structure of your report.

Take a look at this sample contents page.

Introduction

In your introduction you should include information about the background to your research, and what its aims and objectives are. You can also refer to the literature in this section; reporting what is already known about your question/topic, and if there are any gaps. Some reports are also expected to include a section called ‘Terms of references’, where you identify who asked for the report, what is covers, and what its limitations are.

Methodology

If your report involved research activity, you should state what that was, for example you may have interviewed clients, organised some focus groups, or done a literature review. The methodology section should provide an accurate description of the material and procedures used so that others could replicate the experiment you conducted.

Results/findings

The results/findings section should be an objective summary of your findings, which can use tables, graphs, or figures to describe the most important results and trends. You do not need to attempt to provide reasons for your results (this will happen in the discussion section).

In the discussion you are expected to critically evaluate your findings. You may need to re-state what your report was aiming to prove and whether this has been achieved. You should also assess the accuracy and significance of your findings, and show how it fits in the context of previous research.

Conclusion/recommendations

Your conclusion should summarise the outcomes of your report and make suggestions for further research or action to be taken. You may also need to include a list of specific recommendations as a result of your study.

The references are a list of any sources you have used in your report. Your report should use the standard referencing style preferred by your school or department eg Harvard, Numeric, OSCOLA etc.

You should use appendices to expand on points referred to in the main body of the report. If you only have one item it is an appendix, if you have more than one they are called appendices. You can use appendices to provide backup information, usually data or statistics, but it is important that the information contained is directly relevant to the content of the report.

Appendices can be given alphabetical or numerical headings, for example Appendix A, or Appendix 1. The order they appear at the back of your report is determined by the order that they are mentioned in the body of your report. You should refer to your appendices within the text of your report, for example ‘see Appendix B for a breakdown of the questionnaire results’. Don’t forget to list the appendices in your contents page.

Presentation and layout

Reports are written in several sections and may also include visual data such as figures and tables. The layout and presentation is therefore very important.

Your tutor or your module handbook will state how the report should be presented in terms of font sizes, margins, text alignment etc.

You will need good IT skills to manipulate graphical data and work with columns and tables. If you need to improve these skills, try the following online resources:

Microsoft online training through Linkedin Learning
Engage web resource on using tables and figures in reports

How to Write a Report Assignment For College

Table of Contents

What Is A Report For An Assignment?

The types of reports, how to write an assignment report for your college paper, helpful assignment report writing tips, structure matters.

Contrary to a popular belief, a report for an assignment is not a simple outline. It is a deep analytical work that must be done. It is often approached as the list of things that are usually included in a typical paper draft but it is the content that always differs. It means that even though you may have to provide an abstract, objectives, and the list of sources that you have used for some research project, your structure must be there with a bit of relevant analysis to plan assignment properly.

Another important aspect that must be considered is editing and proofreading . It is paramount for writing a good report regardless of what subject you might be dealing with. As you write a report for an assignment, you must think about your objectives and see what kind of formatting must be used to fit within your particular paper type.

As a college or university student, you will encounter at least four different types of reports that require specific rules and conventions to represent an assignment in report format.

– Informative or descriptive reports. It all comes down to purpose, which means that if you have to provide information, use an explanatory tone. Regarding descriptive paper reports, these must offer examples or statistical information. Writing a report, such data must be reflected in your outline. It is considered one of the simplest forms of report writing. Do not forget about your grading rubric as it may already provide a helpful structure you should refer to.

– Case study reports or research projects. These are based on specific case study cases or research objectives . Since you already have a prompt, it makes it easier to compose your outline where you implement either compare-and-contrast or reflective writing style.

– Math / Engineering reports. Such kinds of assignment report writing implement numbers for the most part with engineering reports of objectives and solutions that have proved as helpful.

– Science reports. Also known as “academic reporting”, these follow an abstract, introduction, body paragraphs, conclusion, and bibliography sections that most students are familiar with. The major difference here is that every idea must be properly referenced and supported with reliable sources.

Learning how to start an assignment , always define your purpose, and learn more about your audience. You must provide a list of objectives related to your research work and offer some evidence or statistical examples that support your research methods or analysis approach.

Breaking things down into sections, your assignment report must include:

Title Page. It goes as the basic university title page.
Executive Summary Report. It should include analysis methods, reports, various analysis approaches, and so on.
Table of Content. It should list all important chapters and subsections.
List of Abbreviations & Symbols. It is obligatory for technical and engineering reports.
Introduction. It should represent basic information about your subject with a thesis statement.
The Main Body. As you learn how to write an assignment report, you should use topic sentences (at the beginning of each body paragraph) and support your arguments with a piece of clear evidence.
Conclusions & Recommendations. It should highlight your main findings and state information in bullet points if applicable.
Reference List. Include every source that has been used for referencing or citation purposes to avoid plagiarism issues.
Appendices. It should include all schemes, software reports, a deeper analysis, and various additions that will have tables, schemes, and infographics among other things.

In certain cases, it may be necessary to write an abstract for an assignment that will look like dissertation writing or APA format regarding various style aspects.

Writing a good assignment report may sound like a challenging task, which is only partially true. Those students who follow these simple tips get on by much easier.

Here are some things to consider:

Estimate your writing and objectives first.
Define the limitations of your subject.
Research information beyond your textbook.
Outline each essential element of your report.
Structure your paper from stronger to weaker elements.
Do not ignore proofreading and editing aspects.

The most important in report writing is final editing where you check whether you could address the objectives of your paper with clear explanations and sources that support your idea. Your report must be like a short conversation where you explain what you could achieve in simple terms and how exactly.

As the final measure, always check your structure before you submit your report or learn about what must be included in each.

Your title must be explanatory and relevant to your subject. It aims to attract the attention of the readers. It should also act as the hook to inspire for reading further.
Your summary part must be brief as you discuss all the essential points of your report and why it is being written.
Table of contents must be there by reflecting each paragraph word-by-word.
An introduction part must talk about what is being investigated and how exactly. It is usually up to 250 words.
Your report’s body parts must present the results of your analysis with good examples and your own interpretation of the findings.
The final part of your paper must once again analyse ideas in your report and make possible suggestions for additional research.

Essentially, as a writer, you must ask yourself whether your structure talks about what must be done and how exactly. It will help you to report things correctly regardless of your subject or an available prompt.

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8 Best Steps On How to Write An Assignment Report

Assignment reports are important in both academics and professional settings. Mastering the art of creating clear and organized reports can build the way for success and recognition in your endeavors.

In this blog, we will break down the process into easy parts. First, we will help you understand the topic and gather information. Then, we will guide you in organizing your thoughts and creating a strong conclusion.

But that’s not all! We will also tell you about seven important things your assignment report must have. These things will make sure your report is clear, makes sense, and gets you good grades.

No more confusion or worries. Let’s explore the world of assignment report writing together and make it simple and successful!

How To Write An Assignment Report?

Table of Contents

Reports for the most part include introducing your research and study of data or an issue, advising activities, and making plans and suggestions about it. That is what the reports of an assignment are for. And making reports is a bit of a difficult task for most of the students. And they always try to hide from it, which is not a good thing to do. Because writing a report for assignments is important. As only you have an idea about what you have written in your assignment. That is why you should write your own assignment report.

There is a wide range of kinds of reports, including business, logical, and research reports. These are described out below:-

1: Decide on the “Terms and conditions of the reference’

2: Decide on the methodology

3: Find the relative data/ information

4: Decide the structure

5: Draft the initial segment of your report

6: Draft the table of contents

7: Arrange a reference list

8: Revise your draft

You can likewise check our data on task composing for tips on arranging, discovering data, and evaluating your work.

1: Decide The “Terms And Conditions Of The Reference

To settle on the terms of reference for your report, read your guidelines and some other data you’ve been given about the report, and consider the reason for the report:

What assignment is it about?
What precisely is required?
For what reason is it required?
When do I have to do it?
Who is it for, or who is it focused on?
Will assist you with drafting your Terms of reference?

2: Decide On The Methodology

This implies arranging your findings and what you have investigated or exploration, and how you’ll compose the report. These are the thing which you should ask yourself so that you can decide the methodology for your assignments’ report:

What data do you need?
Do you have to do any background scanning?
What articles or reports do you need for it?
Do you have to contact the library for help?
Also, do you have to meet or watch individuals?
Do you need to record information?
By what means will you approach this?

Asking these inquiries in your mind will assist you in drafting the method section of your report, which plots the means you’ve taken to do the research or the assignment you have done.

3: Find The Relative Data/ Information

The most important thing to do is to discover the data you require for your report. To do this you may need to scan several written materials, watch individuals or practices, or other things which may help you with your assignment work.

Ensure the data you find is appropriate and proper. Check your assignment’s requirements and rules and what is it asking from you. But if In case you don’t know how the information will be gathered for your assignment then you should contact your instructor.

4: Decide The Structure

Reports for the most part have a comparative structure, however, a few distinctions may contrast. How they contrast ordinarily relies upon a different thing:

Depending upon the sort of report you are working on, the structure can include many things and some of those are as follows:

A cover sheet.
Official outline.
A presentation.
Terms of reference.
Technique.
Discoveries.
Suggestions.
References/Bibliography.

The parts of a report have headings and subheadings, which are normally numbered and by which you will be able to define everything in a proper way.

5: Draft The Initial Segment Of Your Report

When you have your structure, record the headings and begin to fill these in with the data you have assembled up until now. At this point, you ought to have the option to draft the terms of reference, methodology, and discoveries, and begin to work out what will go in the report’s informative supplement.

The results are a consequence of the research you have done for your assignment They structure the basis of your report. So, you should draft the initial segment of your report very carefully. Because that’s one of the most important and initial things to do.

6: Draft The Table Of Contents

A few reports require an official summary as well as a review of the material you have written. Despite the fact that these segments draw close to the start of the report and you won’t have the option to do them until you have completed it, and you will have your structure and suggestions settled by then. Luckily, with the help of AI ChatPDF , you can just enter your file and get a quick summary in seconds.

An outline or the table of the content is around 100 words in length. It mentions to the reader what the report is about, and it sums up the proposals.

So, You need to write the table of content very carefully because it will help everyone to get a list of the content. Which is a very important thing to do.

7: Arrange A Reference List

This is a rundown of the considerable number of sources you’ve must have referenced your work from. All you need to do is to put these references in your report clearly. So that everyone can read the references and things get cleared for them. And the best-referencing styles i the APA styling. You should follow the guidelines of APA referencing to get the best work.

8: Revise Your Draft

It is consistently important to change your work. Things you have to check to include:
In the event that you have done what you were approached to do. Check the task question, the directions/rules to ensure you are working in the flow.
In the event when you are claiming that your claim is true. Does the data you present help your decisions and proposals?
That all terms, images, and contractions utilized have been clarified.
That any outlines, tables, diagrams, and delineations are numbered and marked.
That the organizing is right, including your numbering, headings, are predictable all through the report.
You may need to set up a few drafts before you are satisfied with your work quality. On the other hand, you can get another person to check your report.

7 Things That Must Be Present In An Assignment Report

Here are 7 must-have things that must be present in an assignment report to score well :

1. Clear Introduction

The report should start with an introduction that provides a brief overview of the assignment’s purpose and objectives.

2. Methodology

Explain the methods used to gather data or conduct research, showing how the information was obtained.

3. Relevant Data

Include accurate and appropriate data that supports the assignment’s findings and conclusions.

4. Organized Structure

The report should have a well-structured layout with headings and subheadings for easy navigation.

5. Conclusive Findings

Summarize the key findings derived from the data analysis, concisely presenting them.

6. Practical Recommendations

Provide actionable recommendations based on the report’s conclusions to address the issues.

7. Proper Referencing

Ensure that all sources used in the report are appropriately cited, acknowledging the original authors and works.

Conclusion:

So, this was all about how to write an assignment report. We hope that you have got some knowledge out of it. And now you will be able to work on your own and if not then we are here to help you with any kind of work. You can contact us anytime. Our Computer Science Assignment Help experts are available for you to 24*7.

And if you like what you have read, then share this with your friends and let them know how to write an assignment report.

As a result, If you want programming assignment help or any other assignment help. Submit work now.

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Report Writing

Updated on
Nov 4, 2023

The term “report” refers to a nonfiction work that presents and/or paraphrases the facts on a specific occasion, subject, or problem. The notion is that a good report will contain all the information that someone who is not familiar with the subject needs to know. Reports make it simple to bring someone up to speed on a subject, but actually writing a report is far from simple. This blog will walk you through the fundamentals of report writing, including the structure and practice themes.

This Blog Includes:

What is a report, reporting formats, newspaper or magazine reports, business reports, technical reports, what is report writing, report writing: things to keep in mind, structure of report writing, magazine vs newspaper report writing format, report writing format for class 10th to 12th, report writing example, report writing for school students: practice questions, report writing slideshare.

Report Writing in 7 steps

Major Types of Reports

While the most common type of reports corresponds to the ones we read in newspapers and magazines, there are other kinds of reports that are curated for business or research purposes. Here are the major forms of report writing that you must know about:

The main purpose of newspaper or magazine reports is to cover a particular event or happening. They generally elaborate upon the 4Ws and 1H, i.e. What, Where, When, Why, and How. The key elements of newspaper or magazine report writing are as follows:

Headline (Title)
Report’s Name, Place, and Date
Conclusion (Citation of sources)

Here is an example of a news report:

Credit: Pinterest

Business reports aim to analyze a situation or case study by implementing business theories and suggest improvements accordingly. In business report writing, you must adhere to a formal style of writing and these reports are usually lengthier than news reports since they aim to assess a particular issue in detail and provide solutions. The basic structure of business reports includes:

Table of Contents
Executive summary
Findings/Recommendations

The main purpose of the technical report is to provide an empirical explanation of research-based material. Technical report writing is generally carried out by a researcher for scientific journals or product development and presentation, etc. A technical report mainly contains

Introduction
Experimental details
Results and discussions
Body (elaborating upon the findings)

Must Read: IELTS Writing Tips

A report is a written record of what you’ve seen, heard, done, or looked into. It is a well-organized and methodical presentation of facts and results from an event that has already occurred. Reports are a sort of written assessment that is used to determine what you have learned through your reading, study, or experience, as well as to provide you with hands-on experience with a crucial skill that is often used in the business.

Before writing a report, there are certain things you must know to ensure that you draft a precise and structured report, and these points to remember are listed below:

Write a concise and clear title of the report.
Always use the past tense.
Don’t explain the issue in the first person, i.e. ‘I’ or ‘Me’. Always write in the third person.
Put the date, name of the place as well as the reporter’s name after the heading.
Structure the report by dividing it into paragraphs.
Stick to the facts and keep it descriptive.

Must Read: IELTS Sample Letters

The format of a report is determined by the kind of report it is and the assignment’s requirements. While reports can have their own particular format, the majority use the following general framework:

Executive summary: A stand-alone section that highlights the findings in your report so that readers will know what to expect, much like an abstract in an academic paper. These are more frequently used for official reports than for academic ones.
Introduction: Your introduction introduces the main subject you’re going to explore in the report, along with your thesis statement and any previous knowledge that is necessary before you get into your own results.
Body: Using headings and subheadings, the report’s body discusses all of your significant findings. The majority of the report is made up of the body; in contrast to the introduction and conclusion, which are each only a few paragraphs long, the body can span many pages.
In the conclusion, you should summarize all the data in your report and offer a clear interpretation or conclusion. Usually, the author inserts their own personal judgments or inferences here.

Report Writing Formats

It is quintessential to follow a proper format in report writing to provide it with a compact structure. Business reports and technical reports don’t have a uniform structure and are generally based on the topic or content they are elaborating on. Let’s have a look at the proper format of report writing generally for news and magazines and the key elements you must add to a news report:

(Use a proper and creative and catchy heading related to the story)
(in newspaper terminology, this is known as a byline)
(Must be factual, crisp, and concise; It should generally cover the 4W and 1H of the topic, i.e. what, when, where, who, why & how)
Explain, WHY the particular event or incident took place. Conduct meticulous research and gather all factual information related to the story. Here, the readers would want to know more about the event in detail.
In the conclusion part, the background information of the story is mentioned. If you are covering any event, you have the liberty to add the list of participants or attendees who thronged the event.


Heading	Headline
Byline	By Line (Along With The Designation)
Opening Paragraph	Date And Place
Account Of The Event	Opening Paragraph
Conclusion	Account Of The Event And Witness Remarks
	Conclusion

To Read: How to Learn Spoken English?

The report writing structure for students in grades 10 and 12 is as follows.

Heading : A title that expresses the contents of the report in a descriptive manner.
Byline : The name of the person who is responsible for drafting the report. It’s usually included in the query. Remember that you are not allowed to include any personal information in your response.
(introduction) : The ‘5 Ws,’ or WHAT, WHY, WHEN, and WHERE, as well as WHO was invited as the main guest, might be included.
The account of the event in detail : The order in which events occurred, as well as their descriptions. It is the primary paragraph, and if necessary, it can be divided into two smaller paragraphs.
Conclusion : This will give a summary of the event’s conclusion. It might include quotes from the Chief Guest’s address or a summary of the event’s outcome.

Credit: sampletemplates.com

Credit: SlideShare

Now that you are familiar with all the formats of report writing, here are some questions that you can practice to understand the structure and style of writing a report.

You are a student of Delhi Public School Srinagar handling a campus magazine in an editorial role. On the increasing level of global warming, write a report on the event for your school magazine.
On the Jammu-Srinagar highway, a mishap took place, where a driver lost his control and skidded off into a deep gorge. Write a report on it and include all the necessary details and eyewitness accounts.
As a reporter for the Delhi Times, you are assigned to report on the influx of migrants coming from other states of the country. Take an official statement to justify your report.
There is a cultural program in Central Park Rajiv Chowk New Delhi. The home minister of India is supposed to attend the event apart from other delegates. Report the event within the 150-200 word limit.
Write today’s trend of COVID-19 cases in India. As per the official statement. include all the necessary details and factual information. Mention the state with a higher number of cases so far.
In Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in New Delhi, a table tennis tournament was held between Delhi Public School New Delhi and DPS Punjab. Report the event in 250-300 words.

Also Read: Formal Letter Format, Types & Samples

Credits: Slideshare

Report Writ ing in 7 steps

Choose a topic based on the assignment
Conduct research
Write a thesis statement
Prepare an outline
Write a rough draft
Revise and edit your report
Proofread and check for mistakes

Make sure that every piece of information you have supplied is pertinent. Remember to double-check your grammar, spelling, tenses, and the person you are writing in. A final inspection against any structural criteria is also important. You have appropriately and completely referenced academic work. Check to make sure you haven’t unintentionally, purposefully, or both duplicated something without giving credit.

Any business professional’s toolkit must include business reports. Therefore, how can you create a thorough business report? You must first confirm that you are familiar with the responses to the following three questions.

Every company report starts with an issue that needs to be fixed. This could be something straightforward, like figuring out a better way to organise procuring office supplies, or it could be a more challenging issue, like putting in place a brand-new, multimillion-dollar computer system.

You must therefore compile the data you intend to include in your report. How do you do this? If you’ve never conducted in-depth research before, it can be quite a daunting task, so discovering the most efficient techniques is a real plus.

Hopefully, this blog has helped you with a comprehensive understanding of report writing and its essential components. Aiming to pursue a degree in Writing? Sign up for an e-meeting with our study abroad experts and we will help you in selecting the best course and university as well as sorting the admission process to ensure that you get successfully shortlisted.

Ankita Mishra

A writer with more than 10 years of experience, including 5 years in a newsroom, Ankita takes great pleasure in helping students via study abroad news updates about universities and visa policies. When not busy working you can find her creating memes and discussing social issues with her colleagues.

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Linguistics
Composition Studies

How to write a report - Assignment template

August 2017

Macquarie University

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Types of Assignment

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	n

Type of Assignment: Report

A report is a formal document that presents information, findings, or analysis on a particular topic, issue, or event. It typically includes an introduction, body, and conclusion, and may contain sections such as; summary, methodology, results, discussion, and recommendations. Reports are often used to communicate research findings, evaluate projects or initiatives, inform decision-making, or provide updates on progress. They are commonly used in academic, business, government, and professional contexts.

In University various formats are used to present information and learning. A report assignment is asking you to present the information using a certain format (Headings and sub-headings are common). Understanding the assignment task includes understanding the formatting required and the digital elements.

Check out our guide on breaking down the assignment task: Starting an Assignment.

For support with Word and the digital skills required to create a report contact the TILE team.

Report: Things you need to know...

Reports are like burgers, they have a top and bottom (Introduction and a conclusion) but what goes in-between can vary greatly depending on the writer and the purpose of the report. Typically, at University reports are used to evidence learning and to segment different topics for easier reader understanding (though it can also help the writer too as it helps in the creation of the content as well).

Reports are usually written to record the methodology, results and conclusions of an investigation (this may be as a result of primary research (often practical and undertaken by you) or secondary (analysis of current literature and evidence).

They are written for easy reading and discussion so headings, sub-headings, numbering, bullet points, images, tables and graphs can all be used. Use concise, business-like language so that the reader of your report can easily understand.

Reports can be written in a variety of ways, there is not just one correct way (check assignment guidelines). A report may consist of sections such as:

Title - be specific.
Introduction - aim(s), objectives and why this is an important area for investigation?
Methodology – what you did to investigate and/or research this subject?
Findings and discussion – what you found out and what the findings mean?
Conclusions – what conclusions you made?
Recommendations - if needed.
Title page - be specific.
Executive summary - highlights and key points from the report
Table of contents
Introduction – aim(s), objectives and why this is an important topic
The main body portion – what you found out and what the findings mean?
Conclusion – what conclusions you made?
Recommendations - if needed.

An appendix comprises supplementary and extra content that is not crucial to the main body of the text, yet it can aid in offering a more comprehensive comprehension of the research problem or provide information that is too extensive to be incorporated within the main paper.

The appendix provides the reader with information needed to understand or clarify an element discussed within the main body e.g. the questions used in a survey.

Report structure What sections to include when writing a formal academic report.
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How to write an assignment report

Undergraduate and postgraduate students are required to submit various works during their study, and sometimes it might seem like a great challenge, especially when you don’t know what to start with. In this article we would like to ease this struggle, thus we give you a general overview of how to write an assignment in a report format.

On one hand, the format may vary from an institution to an institution requesting a different font type and size, style, specific indents and intervals. On the other hand, just like any other type of a composition, a good assignment report consists of a few essential parts that one should follow in order to write an A+ paper.

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Assignment Report Structure

The title page should be a laconic outline of the report. The information provided on a cover gives the first impression of any work, therefore, normally it includes only the most valuable points that inform a reader about a work’s leading subject, author, location (college, university etc.) where this work will be submitted, the date of its execution and, of course, a supervisor and advisers.

Notwithstanding, a title page doesn’t give a precise understanding of the matter, therefore, it is normally followed by a summary. The summary is an overview of a whole project, where the author is to shortly give a rundown of the information later closely described in the work. It usually consists of a brief elucidation of the importance of choosing a specific topic of a research, descriptions of the methods used during the assignment, outcomes and a conclusion. This part serves the purpose of informing a reader about the insights of a work, for that reason, no abbreviations, shortenings or narrowly specialized vocabulary, that is explained later in the work itself, are allowed in this part.

Then, the content should include all parts of the research as it serves as a guide throughout the whole work. Paragraphs are normally indicated with full numbers (1-10), whereas subparagraphs have decimals related to the main paragraph (1.1, 3.5). It is advised to use applications and Microsoft inbuilt programs, in order to generate a proper list of contents.

Most of the reports especially, if they are concerned with a technical subject, will likely have shortenings and symbols, thus a list of abbreviations is also required. It’s compiled alphabetically, starting with one of lowercase. Greek and Latin characters come after uppercase letters and should be arranged gradually.

It’s also important to make a transition from a full phrase to a shortening and not lose one or another. For instance, if a text includes an utterance ‘Biologically Produced Fuel’ and is abbreviated BPF, then the first time such an expression is used the abbreviation is written in brackets, and can be later on used without the phrase itself, e.g. ‘Biologically Produced Fuel (BPF)’.

The introduction states the matter and task of the work and should expose the relation with researches and other papers, which have been previously conducted or written. Here, the author is required to write a background, in short, underlining the idea behind a topic and its context.

Less than a page long, the introduction is the statement of a problem and probable solution, which a reader is to go through while reading the work. A few words about why this topic is important and unique for the overall matter should do the work as well.

The body is the most informative and dense part of any assignment. It reflects all the compiled material, theoretical background and practical implementation in the report solution finding. The author is expected to refer specifically to other works on the subject, but only if such references facilitate a more detailed research and comprise information needed for it. However, this part shouldn’t be too long either. Depending on the nature of a research or an assignment, the body can be of various sizes, from 2 to 50 pages long.

It’s recommended to focus on the innovation and usefulness of findings. Also, it’s helpful for a report to outline, if the theoretical base of a problem is different from the real implementation. If yes, then how do these two contrast? Have there been any unpredicted or additional issues, which are not described in sources? Etc.

Having written the body of a report, you are only a half way to accomplishing the task. Now, there should be conclusions. This part serves the purpose of summarization and reflection on the conducted report. From one to three pages long, conclusions have to provide a concrete solution or solutions to the problem indicated in the introduction, and analysis held in the body.

There shouldn’t be any new opinions or statements in this paragraph, but only final statements supporting the main idea.

After the main paragraphs are finished, it’s time to compile final the ‘chords’ of any paper. First of all, it’s references, which are any student’s proof of credibility. The requirements to concluding a list of sources may vary, however, normally it serves as a list of sources:

researches;
academic papers.

Quotes and citation are marked with numbers, written in brackets, referring to a specific work listed in the references.

Second of all, there may be tables, graphical or textual organizers, or any other extra material, which does not qualify as a reference. In this case, a paragraph of appendixes is added. This paragraph contains any additional information that the author would like to introduce to a reader, but which doesn’t include any specific input, unlike references.

All in all, the structure of any research is quite strict and requires precision. However, there are a few hints on how to do an assignment in a report format that can facilitate writing and make it even more efficient.

Tips about how to write an assignment in report format

Writing professionally and concisely determines the author’s preparation and understanding of a topic. Reports demand a restrained style and certain vocabulary, and do not favor ‘watering down’.
Though the author has to introduce the main problem in a report, it’s always good to create a statement that reflects the paper’s main idea. Making it bold and relatable can help emphasize the importance of the work, and can be later used in the conclusions to make the report more specific; giving the impression that the main idea has been followed throughout the research and has finally reached its summary.
Headings are the most visible parts of any text. They are a good way to catch one’s attention and prepare a reader for an upcoming paragraph. You should avoid any vagueness and keep them strictly informative since their purpose is to specify a topic. Furthermore, headings should present a paragraph from a clear aspect. E.g. instead of putting it simply as ‘History’ or ‘Reasons’, it’s better to make it more precise, like ‘Historical predispositions of the establishment of first colonies’ etc. This will help you understand how to write a good assignment report which will impress the reader at once.
Subtitles are as essential as titles (headings). They are a nice device to separate subparagraphs within one topic and concentrate on details, which can be easily unnoticeable in large abstracts.
The use of lists makes a report more structured tells a reader about the author’s ability to analyze and conclude clearly. It’s good to number statements when it comes to putting them into a chronological order or arranging a sequence of events. The bulleted list is useful, in order to show equal statements, qualities of a subject or solutions to a problem.
Editing and proofreading are best friends of any writer, as they provide the last chance to find mistakes and typos, assure that a text has the required structure and includes all necessary topics. Moreover, it’s always a good idea to ask someone else to reread it, as a fresh perspective can perform miracles. Now you can stop googling the request “how to make a report for assignment” because you already know everything.

Taking into consideration the tips stated above will surely improve your writing skills and make you forget the breathtaking question, ‘How to write an assignment report?’ for good.

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An assignment report is penned down with a clear purpose on a certain topic. Information collected and analyzed for applying to an issue. The structure of the report includes different sections for addressing or locating the information in an easy way. This article revolves around the basic features of report writing that can enlighten the reader about the topic in a systematic way.

Ingredients of Writing a Good Report

The assignment help for students dwells on the important aspects that can create a well structured report. Following are the two objectives followed for report writing,

â— To provide the researcher with an experience to develop essential skill utilized in the academic career.

â— To evaluate the learning from the research or reading experience.

A well written assignment report is based on authentic data and information for drawing a conclusion to the problem. The information collected from past studies must be acknowledged thoroughly and the writing part needs to be 100% original. The report is the key to signify the researcher’s ability to acquire access and analyze relevant information related to a specific problem.

It also sheds light on presenting the report in a concise and consistent way following the guidelines of the given report brief. The researcher can enlighten him/herself with the motive of the research brief and work accordingly. The conclusion always supports the analysis and evidence of the research and effective recommendations are indicated further.

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Structure of the Report

A report must always include certain sections which are a title page, executive summary, table of contents, introduction, main body, conclusion and recommendation, references and appendices. Assignment help for students adds a list of symbols and abbreviations following the requirement are given by the instructor. Apart from this section, other parts must always be present in the report.

This section needs to be as brief as possible devoid of any descriptive part. Containing the purpose of the title, other details of the page involves the researcher’s name, date and teacher/instructor’s name.

Terms of References

Go through the instruction before deciding on the terms of references and also contemplate on the purpose of the assignment. While making the draft for this section, pay attention to specific needs including why he report is being written, what it requires to be completed, when it is needed and who the target reader is.

Executive Summary

Assignment help for students is capable of writing a brief summary of the whole content and aims, actions and findings must be included here. Through the summary, the reader is introduced to the subject of the assignment and a poorly written summary can be a deal breaker. It should be helpful, clear and concise in nature.

Every chapter and heading of the assignment is included in the table presented in a chart format. It is created for scanning the report at a glance and locating the key matters under one place. The table also contains page numbers for presenting a simple and informative paper.

Introduction

From defining the topic to the problem statement, the introduction is the gateway for growing interest to read further among readers. Background of the research topic is mentioned in short and it is always the first chapter of the report.

Assignment help for students pays extra attention to this section because it reflects on the achievements of the research experience. Procedures, related information, sources and problems are mentioned here. There is including a summary of the result involving graphs, tables and diagrams which support the collected data while executing the research.

The results section needs to be presented in a logical order and the next section is a discussion where the analysis of evidence and facts takes place. You may divide this part in with different sub sections for giving clarity on the subject. Do not forget to maintain a logical flow of the structure with sub headings and use bullets to highlight the key findings. When you are citing any past studies, always provide proper source references.

Conclusion and Recommendations

It is the last chapter of the writing content. Here, the researcher summarizes the results and mention the conclusion for indicating the effects. It should always refer to the issue and include a suggestion for future research studies.

The reference list includes the source of information acquired from reports, papers and books. Every report follows a specific referencing style and the list needs to follow the guidelines of the referencing style. Apart from the reference list, Assignment help for students is well aware of including bibliography which is essential for the background reading.

Listings, schemes and details and derivations of the content are included in the appendices. The data in the appendix is included at the end because during reading, it can be skipped. Of course, do not forget to refer to the appendices in your writing.

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How to write a lab report

How To Write A Lab Report | Step-by-Step Guide & Examples

Published on May 20, 2021 by Pritha Bhandari . Revised on July 23, 2023.

A lab report conveys the aim, methods, results, and conclusions of a scientific experiment. The main purpose of a lab report is to demonstrate your understanding of the scientific method by performing and evaluating a hands-on lab experiment. This type of assignment is usually shorter than a research paper .

Lab reports are commonly used in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. This article focuses on how to structure and write a lab report.

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Structuring a lab report, introduction, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about lab reports.

The sections of a lab report can vary between scientific fields and course requirements, but they usually contain the purpose, methods, and findings of a lab experiment .

Each section of a lab report has its own purpose.

Title: expresses the topic of your study
Abstract : summarizes your research aims, methods, results, and conclusions
Introduction: establishes the context needed to understand the topic
Method: describes the materials and procedures used in the experiment
Results: reports all descriptive and inferential statistical analyses
Discussion: interprets and evaluates results and identifies limitations
Conclusion: sums up the main findings of your experiment
References: list of all sources cited using a specific style (e.g. APA )
Appendices : contains lengthy materials, procedures, tables or figures

Although most lab reports contain these sections, some sections can be omitted or combined with others. For example, some lab reports contain a brief section on research aims instead of an introduction, and a separate conclusion is not always required.

If you’re not sure, it’s best to check your lab report requirements with your instructor.

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Your title provides the first impression of your lab report – effective titles communicate the topic and/or the findings of your study in specific terms.

Create a title that directly conveys the main focus or purpose of your study. It doesn’t need to be creative or thought-provoking, but it should be informative.

The effects of varying nitrogen levels on tomato plant height.
Testing the universality of the McGurk effect.
Comparing the viscosity of common liquids found in kitchens.

An abstract condenses a lab report into a brief overview of about 150–300 words. It should provide readers with a compact version of the research aims, the methods and materials used, the main results, and the final conclusion.

Think of it as a way of giving readers a preview of your full lab report. Write the abstract last, in the past tense, after you’ve drafted all the other sections of your report, so you’ll be able to succinctly summarize each section.

To write a lab report abstract, use these guiding questions:

What is the wider context of your study?
What research question were you trying to answer?
How did you perform the experiment?
What did your results show?
How did you interpret your results?
What is the importance of your findings?

Nitrogen is a necessary nutrient for high quality plants. Tomatoes, one of the most consumed fruits worldwide, rely on nitrogen for healthy leaves and stems to grow fruit. This experiment tested whether nitrogen levels affected tomato plant height in a controlled setting. It was expected that higher levels of nitrogen fertilizer would yield taller tomato plants.

Levels of nitrogen fertilizer were varied between three groups of tomato plants. The control group did not receive any nitrogen fertilizer, while one experimental group received low levels of nitrogen fertilizer, and a second experimental group received high levels of nitrogen fertilizer. All plants were grown from seeds, and heights were measured 50 days into the experiment.

The effects of nitrogen levels on plant height were tested between groups using an ANOVA. The plants with the highest level of nitrogen fertilizer were the tallest, while the plants with low levels of nitrogen exceeded the control group plants in height. In line with expectations and previous findings, the effects of nitrogen levels on plant height were statistically significant. This study strengthens the importance of nitrogen for tomato plants.

Your lab report introduction should set the scene for your experiment. One way to write your introduction is with a funnel (an inverted triangle) structure:

Start with the broad, general research topic
Narrow your topic down your specific study focus
End with a clear research question

Begin by providing background information on your research topic and explaining why it’s important in a broad real-world or theoretical context. Describe relevant previous research on your topic and note how your study may confirm it or expand it, or fill a gap in the research field.

This lab experiment builds on previous research from Haque, Paul, and Sarker (2011), who demonstrated that tomato plant yield increased at higher levels of nitrogen. However, the present research focuses on plant height as a growth indicator and uses a lab-controlled setting instead.

Next, go into detail on the theoretical basis for your study and describe any directly relevant laws or equations that you’ll be using. State your main research aims and expectations by outlining your hypotheses .

Based on the importance of nitrogen for tomato plants, the primary hypothesis was that the plants with the high levels of nitrogen would grow the tallest. The secondary hypothesis was that plants with low levels of nitrogen would grow taller than plants with no nitrogen.

Your introduction doesn’t need to be long, but you may need to organize it into a few paragraphs or with subheadings such as “Research Context” or “Research Aims.”

A lab report Method section details the steps you took to gather and analyze data. Give enough detail so that others can follow or evaluate your procedures. Write this section in the past tense. If you need to include any long lists of procedural steps or materials, place them in the Appendices section but refer to them in the text here.

You should describe your experimental design, your subjects, materials, and specific procedures used for data collection and analysis.

Experimental design

Briefly note whether your experiment is a within-subjects or between-subjects design, and describe how your sample units were assigned to conditions if relevant.

A between-subjects design with three groups of tomato plants was used. The control group did not receive any nitrogen fertilizer. The first experimental group received a low level of nitrogen fertilizer, while the second experimental group received a high level of nitrogen fertilizer.

Describe human subjects in terms of demographic characteristics, and animal or plant subjects in terms of genetic background. Note the total number of subjects as well as the number of subjects per condition or per group. You should also state how you recruited subjects for your study.

List the equipment or materials you used to gather data and state the model names for any specialized equipment.

List of materials

35 Tomato seeds

15 plant pots (15 cm tall)

Light lamps (50,000 lux)

Nitrogen fertilizer

Measuring tape

Describe your experimental settings and conditions in detail. You can provide labelled diagrams or images of the exact set-up necessary for experimental equipment. State how extraneous variables were controlled through restriction or by fixing them at a certain level (e.g., keeping the lab at room temperature).

Light levels were fixed throughout the experiment, and the plants were exposed to 12 hours of light a day. Temperature was restricted to between 23 and 25℃. The pH and carbon levels of the soil were also held constant throughout the experiment as these variables could influence plant height. The plants were grown in rooms free of insects or other pests, and they were spaced out adequately.

Your experimental procedure should describe the exact steps you took to gather data in chronological order. You’ll need to provide enough information so that someone else can replicate your procedure, but you should also be concise. Place detailed information in the appendices where appropriate.

In a lab experiment, you’ll often closely follow a lab manual to gather data. Some instructors will allow you to simply reference the manual and state whether you changed any steps based on practical considerations. Other instructors may want you to rewrite the lab manual procedures as complete sentences in coherent paragraphs, while noting any changes to the steps that you applied in practice.

If you’re performing extensive data analysis, be sure to state your planned analysis methods as well. This includes the types of tests you’ll perform and any programs or software you’ll use for calculations (if relevant).

First, tomato seeds were sown in wooden flats containing soil about 2 cm below the surface. Each seed was kept 3-5 cm apart. The flats were covered to keep the soil moist until germination. The seedlings were removed and transplanted to pots 8 days later, with a maximum of 2 plants to a pot. Each pot was watered once a day to keep the soil moist.

The nitrogen fertilizer treatment was applied to the plant pots 12 days after transplantation. The control group received no treatment, while the first experimental group received a low concentration, and the second experimental group received a high concentration. There were 5 pots in each group, and each plant pot was labelled to indicate the group the plants belonged to.

50 days after the start of the experiment, plant height was measured for all plants. A measuring tape was used to record the length of the plant from ground level to the top of the tallest leaf.

In your results section, you should report the results of any statistical analysis procedures that you undertook. You should clearly state how the results of statistical tests support or refute your initial hypotheses.

The main results to report include:

any descriptive statistics
statistical test results
the significance of the test results
estimates of standard error or confidence intervals

The mean heights of the plants in the control group, low nitrogen group, and high nitrogen groups were 20.3, 25.1, and 29.6 cm respectively. A one-way ANOVA was applied to calculate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer level on plant height. The results demonstrated statistically significant ( p = .03) height differences between groups.

Next, post-hoc tests were performed to assess the primary and secondary hypotheses. In support of the primary hypothesis, the high nitrogen group plants were significantly taller than the low nitrogen group and the control group plants. Similarly, the results supported the secondary hypothesis: the low nitrogen plants were taller than the control group plants.

These results can be reported in the text or in tables and figures. Use text for highlighting a few key results, but present large sets of numbers in tables, or show relationships between variables with graphs.

You should also include sample calculations in the Results section for complex experiments. For each sample calculation, provide a brief description of what it does and use clear symbols. Present your raw data in the Appendices section and refer to it to highlight any outliers or trends.

The Discussion section will help demonstrate your understanding of the experimental process and your critical thinking skills.

In this section, you can:

Interpret your results
Compare your findings with your expectations
Identify any sources of experimental error
Explain any unexpected results
Suggest possible improvements for further studies

Interpreting your results involves clarifying how your results help you answer your main research question. Report whether your results support your hypotheses.

Did you measure what you sought out to measure?
Were your analysis procedures appropriate for this type of data?

Compare your findings with other research and explain any key differences in findings.

Are your results in line with those from previous studies or your classmates’ results? Why or why not?

An effective Discussion section will also highlight the strengths and limitations of a study.

Did you have high internal validity or reliability?
How did you establish these aspects of your study?

When describing limitations, use specific examples. For example, if random error contributed substantially to the measurements in your study, state the particular sources of error (e.g., imprecise apparatus) and explain ways to improve them.

The results support the hypothesis that nitrogen levels affect plant height, with increasing levels producing taller plants. These statistically significant results are taken together with previous research to support the importance of nitrogen as a nutrient for tomato plant growth.

However, unlike previous studies, this study focused on plant height as an indicator of plant growth in the present experiment. Importantly, plant height may not always reflect plant health or fruit yield, so measuring other indicators would have strengthened the study findings.

Another limitation of the study is the plant height measurement technique, as the measuring tape was not suitable for plants with extreme curvature. Future studies may focus on measuring plant height in different ways.

The main strengths of this study were the controls for extraneous variables, such as pH and carbon levels of the soil. All other factors that could affect plant height were tightly controlled to isolate the effects of nitrogen levels, resulting in high internal validity for this study.

Your conclusion should be the final section of your lab report. Here, you’ll summarize the findings of your experiment, with a brief overview of the strengths and limitations, and implications of your study for further research.

Some lab reports may omit a Conclusion section because it overlaps with the Discussion section, but you should check with your instructor before doing so.

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A lab report conveys the aim, methods, results, and conclusions of a scientific experiment . Lab reports are commonly assigned in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.

The purpose of a lab report is to demonstrate your understanding of the scientific method with a hands-on lab experiment. Course instructors will often provide you with an experimental design and procedure. Your task is to write up how you actually performed the experiment and evaluate the outcome.

In contrast, a research paper requires you to independently develop an original argument. It involves more in-depth research and interpretation of sources and data.

A lab report is usually shorter than a research paper.

The sections of a lab report can vary between scientific fields and course requirements, but it usually contains the following:

Abstract: summarizes your research aims, methods, results, and conclusions
References: list of all sources cited using a specific style (e.g. APA)
Appendices: contains lengthy materials, procedures, tables or figures

The results chapter or section simply and objectively reports what you found, without speculating on why you found these results. The discussion interprets the meaning of the results, puts them in context, and explains why they matter.

In qualitative research , results and discussion are sometimes combined. But in quantitative research , it’s considered important to separate the objective results from your interpretation of them.

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Formatting and presenting your assessments correctly is important because many include marks for presentation.

This may include marks for things such as:

formatting and layout
APA referencing
writing style
grammar and spelling.

Before you start on your assessment:

check your assessment question, emails from your course leader, and learning materials for how it should be presented
read the instructions carefully. Make sure you understand them and follow them exactly
if you're not sure about what’s required contact your course leader.

Please note that assessments for psychology courses have specific requirements for formatting and presentation. Refer to the information and guidance provided on our Library and Learning Centre website:

APA Style for Psychology assessments

General guidelines for electronic submissions

Most assessments should be produced using Microsoft Word.
You can also submit assessments using: .doc, .docx, .xls, .xlsx or .rtf.
if you don’t have Microsoft Word go to My Open Polytechnic to download and access your free version
if you're not sure about the file type required, contact your course leader.
Use a clear, readable font, such as Verdana, Calibri, Tahoma or Arial and use the same font throughout.
Use black text on a white background.
Avoid coloured backgrounds or text in a colour other than black, unless you have special permission to use them.
Use 11 or 12 point font for the body of your assessment.
Use 1.5 spacing and 2.53 cm (1”) wide margins.
Leave a blank line between paragraphs.
If the questions are short, leave a blank line between each question. If they are long, start each question on a new page.
Left-justify your work (also known as left-aligned).
Use bold for headings.
Essays don’t usually need subheadings; reports usually do.

Most assessments need a title page, which should include:

the title and number of the assessment
the course number and name
the due date
your full name and student number.

Centre this information on the page, starting approximately one-third of the way down the page.

Number and clearly label figures and tables.
Add numbers as follows: Figure 1, Figure 2, Table 1, Table 2, and so on.
Put table and figure captions above the table.
Don't number the items in a reference list.

For more help with figures and tables, check:

Get more help with tables and figures – APA Style website

Headers and footers

Insert a header or footer on each page (except the title page). It should contain:

your name (last name, first name/s)
your student number
the course code
the assessment number
page numbers.

Reference list

The reference list comes at the end of the assessment and should start on a new page labelled 'References'.

Need more help with reference lists? Check out the guides below:

Quick referencing APA guidelines (PDF 47 KB; opens in a new window)

Guide to APA referencing (PDF 395.11 KB; opens in a new window)

Appendices are used for information that:

is too long to include in the body of your assessment
supplements or complements the information you are providing.

Start each appendix (if applicable) on a new page. If there's just one appendix label it ‘Appendix’ without a number. If there is more than one, label them Appendix A, Appendix B, and so on.

In the main text of your assessment, refer to the Appendix by the label – for example, Appendix A.

Tops and bottoms of pages

Check the top and bottom of your pages to ensure they avoid:

widows – single lines of text at the top of a page
orphans – first lines of paragraphs at the bottom of a page
tombstones – headings or subheadings alone at the bottom of a page
split lists – lists that are divided between two pages (if possible).

General guidelines for hard copies

Most of the guidelines above also apply to hard copies (printed or handwritten documents).

If your course requires or allows handwritten assessments, be sure to follow the course instructions on presenting handwritten assessments.

Word limits and word count guidelines

Word limits support the development of concise writing skills. Word count guidelines help you to understand the expectation of workload for an assessment.

For more detailed information about these go to:

Word limits and word count guidelines

Got a question?

If you want to talk with someone about formatting and presenting your assessments, contact The Library and Learning Centre | Te Whare Pukapuka Wāhanga Whakapakari Ako.

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Language of report writing

Structure and organisation

Abstract (or Executive Summary in business reports)

Table of contents

Introduction

Methodology

Results/findings

Conclusion/recommendations

Presentation and layout

How to Write a Report Assignment For College

What Is A Report For An Assignment?

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8 Best Steps On How to Write An Assignment Report

How To Write An Assignment Report?

1: Decide The “Terms And Conditions Of The Reference

2: Decide On The Methodology

3: Find The Relative Data/ Information

4: Decide The Structure

5: Draft The Initial Segment Of Your Report

6: Draft The Table Of Contents

7: Arrange A Reference List

8: Revise Your Draft