essay on delta plan 2100

Implementing Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100: Key to boost economic growth

Bangladesh features the world’s largest river delta, formed by the junction of three great rivers – the Ganges, the Brahmaputra, and the Meghna. Two out of every three Bangladeshis - about 110 million people - live within this delta and depend on it for their lives and livelihoods. 

As the threat of climate change and rising sea levels looms large, proper planning and management of the delta is critical to the country’s economic growth and development. 

Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100

The Government of Bangladesh has formulated a comprehensive development plan - the Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP 2100), focusing on economic growth, environmental conservation, and enhanced climate resilience. The plan lays out holistic and cross-sectoral action needed to improve productivity and minimize disaster risks.  

Coupled with increasing climate risks, a business-as-usual scenario, without the implementation of the plan, would lead to declining agricultural production, increased unemployment, and migration. This would put additional pressure on urbanization resulting in an estimated decline in GDP growth to 6.8% by 2031 and 5.6% by 2041. This would mean an additional 25.1 million people living in moderate poverty and 5.4 million in extreme poverty by 2041.

Effective implementation of the Delta Plan will eliminate extreme poverty, create more jobs and sustain GDP growth above 8% until 2041. It will increase trade and navigational opportunities and strengthen food security.  The Delta Plan will also help reduce urban migration by about 60%, coastal zone out-migration by 50%, and river area out-migration by 50%.

Implementing Change

Delivering the BDP 2100 will require a combination of public and private funding from various sources. The current investment plan to support the implementation of BDP until 2030 is estimated to be $38 billion consisting of 65 infrastructure projects and 15 institutional, and knowledge development projects.

The World Bank has already invested $1.8 billion to enhance the supply of safe pipe water; improve sanitation, drainage infrastructure, and embankment system; increase areas protected by polders from tidal flooding and storm surge.   It will also improve the navigability of 900 km of inland waterways to reduce travel time and transport costs - both for cargo and passengers - thereby boosting national and regional trade.

The Bank is also preparing several upcoming projects to further support the implementation of BDP 2100. These projects will help improve the navigability and river management infrastructure of Jamuna river to support inland water transport and boost economic activities around the river, as well as restore the ecology and transport capacity of the rivers of Dhaka City. The Bank will also work with the government to focus on reducing pollution while enhancing climate resilience and productivity of irrigated agriculture.   The Climate Smart Agriculture and Water Management Project will rehabilitate water control infrastructures, drainage and irrigation sub-projects, making an area of 125,000ha climate resilient.

A series of institutional and policy reforms are underway to support the implementation of BDP 2100. A Delta Governance Council and an inter-ministerial forum headed by the Prime Minister of Bangladesh have already been established to provide strategic direction.

Through the strong commitment placed on BDP 2100, Bangladesh is on its way to become a global centre of excellence on delta and water management.  This will take a comprehensive, integrated, and multisectoral, approach to water, land and related resource management that is sustainable. The investments to implement BDP will be based on Adaptive Delta Management approach to ensure that the right investments are made at the right time while working in harmony with the natural hydrological systems.

Convening with Partners

Effective coordination and collaboration among multiple stakeholders will be key to achieving the vision of BDP 2100. The Bank has been convening the Bangladesh Water Platform, with support from the Global Water Security and Sanitation Partnership, to coordinate and facilitate collaborative efforts among partners.  Through this platform, it will also support policy reforms, institutional arrangements, and capacity building to cross-sectoral government ministries.

Implementing the BDP 2100 goals will require a sustained and long-term effort. This includes managing investments; aligning the planning, implementation and financing process; improving inter-agency and inter-sectoral coordination;  and designing adequate financing modalities for public-private partnership. The Bank remains committed to support the government on its journey towards a more safe, climate resilient and prosperous Bangladesh delta.

Research for the report received support from the  South Asia Water Initiative , a trust fund supported by the United Kingdom’s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs, and Norway.

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Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100: Implementation challenges and way forward

 Shamsul Alam |  March 31, 2019

Bangladesh Government has approved Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 (BDP 2100) on September 04, 2018 with the aspiration of achieving ‘safe, climate resilient and prosperous Delta’ by 2100. In other words, ‘BDP 2100 is the plan for moving Bangladesh forward towards the end of 21st Century. Efforts have been made to formulate BDP 2100 exactly in the same way we want to build Bangladesh in coming years of this century.

BDP 2100 is indeed the combination of long-term strategies and subsequent interventions for ensuring long term water and food security, economic growth and environmental sustainability while effectively reducing vulnerability to natural disasters and building resilience to climate change and other delta challenges through robust, adaptive and integrated strategies, and equitable water governance.

In fact, the complexity and dynamics of the Bangladesh delta necessitates a long term plan to address challenges and realise the opportunities of Bangladesh Delta. From that necessity with the directives from the Hon’ble Prime Minister, General Economics Division (GED) of Bangladesh Planning Commission has formulated BDP 2100 which is a holistic and integrated plan considering many themes and sectors for the whole country. The needs of natural resource management have also been articulated in this mega plan. Side by side, it is also a techno-economic plan, which covers both technical and economic issues (GDP growth, poverty reduction, employment, food security, investment etc) for the whole country. BDP 2100 is also an implementable plan having an investment programme up to year 2030 linked with mobilisation of financial resources. Another important thing regarding this plan is that it has strongly focused on climate change issues such as temperature rise, erratic rainfall pattern, sea level rise etc., and for that it followed an Adaptive Delta Management (ADM) approach. For the first time in any development planning, BDP 2100 has taken the climate change issue as an exogenous variable in developing the macroeconomic framework of the plan.

In order to illustrate the role of BDP 2100 and its contribution to the long term development of Bangladesh, two policy options are considered. One is called the Business As Usual (BAU) Policy Option where it is illustrated that when the adverse impact of climate change and natural hazards increases, the GDP growth rate starts falling over time, efficiency of capital falls resulting in lower agricultural production, unemployment, migration and pressure on urbanisation. The other option, Delta Plan (DP) Policy Option incorporates the adoption of strong climate change related adaptation measures to achieve higher and sustainable growth trajectories in the face of the various weather-related natural hazards and risks. This DP policy option will allow us to achieve national level goals of eradicating extreme poverty and achieving the status of UMIC by 2030 and also secure being a prosperous country by 2041. Moreover, macro-economic analysis done for BDP 2100 reveals that in Business As Usual (BAU) policy option, the extreme poverty will be eradicated around 2041. But, if the country adopts Delta Plan policy option extreme poverty could be eradicated around 2027.

Side by side, yearly economic loss of about 1.7 per cent or more of GDP due to climate change impacts and natural hazards has been predicted in future for Bangladesh Delta without BDP 2100.

BDP 2100 is a long-term holistic and integrated plan where management of water resources following Adaptive Delta Management (ADM) is the cornerstone. Efforts have been made to link the integrated water resources management (IWRM) with economic growth and development considering the impact of climate change and natural disaster as the exogenous factor. In BDP 2100, water has been considered the most important factor for the sustainability of this delta, not only for the human beings but also for sustainable environment. Important components of the IWRM include different areas covering water security, CC impact and environmental sustainability, food security and livelihood, economic growth, social development, knowledge development, biodiversity conservation, forestry, crop production etc. Consistent with this, Delta specific goals are fixed. The goals are to: ensure safety from floods and climate change related disasters; ensure water security and efficiency of water usages; ensure sustainable and integrated river systems and estuaries management; conserve and preserve wetlands and ecosystems and promote their proper use; develop effective institutions and equitable governance for in-country and trans-boundary WR management; and achieve optimal use of land and water resources. All these goals are directly or indirectly related to the SDGs also. It must be mentioned that, all six BDP 2100 goals are fully linked with SDG Goal 2, 6, 13 and 14 and partially linked with Goal 1, 5, 8, 9, 11 and 15. This linkage supported by appropriate interventions and policy will be continued in the upcoming 8th Five Year Plan (FYP) as well as the 2nd Perspective Plan (2021-41) in achieving the Bangladesh’s Vision for 2041.

In BDP 2100 strategies as well as interventions are devised at three levels, viz. National level (Flood Risk Management and Fresh Water), Hotspot wise and Strategies for cross-cutting issues. Cross cutting issues considered in BDP are: sustainable land use and spatial planning; agriculture, food security and livelihood, trans-boundary water resources management; activating inland water transport system; blue economy; renewable energy; and preparedness for earthquakes.

As such, some salient features of this mega plan are that it followed the principle of “Living with Nature” which has been complimented by following “no regret” measures. All the strategies and associated interventions are considered through the lens of “economic growth” and “environmental sustainability”. Formulation and implementation of BDP 2100 is inclusive of all the stakeholders. During the preparation of the plan, lessons have been drawn from all other relevant plans and policies. Most importantly, the plan itself is both ‘horizontally’ and ‘vertically’ integrated. Another very important task conducted before the formulation of the plan is conducting baseline studies in 26 major areas relevant to the. The studies conducted were related to climate change, natural resources, environment and ecology, reviewing past experiences and considered investment and finance, governance, knowledge and data management etc. All of these baseline studies were reviewed and finally approved by the Technical Advisory Committee comprising renowned researchers, academia, subject specialist and professionals.

Formulation and approval of BDP 2100 is only the first step towards achieving safe, climate resilient and prosperous delta. Challenges mainly lie with its successful implementation. There are few challenges which should be addressed in a systematic and articulated manner. The challenges are namely, financing of its investment plan; capacity building of the implementers who will take the plan in the field; coordination among/between/within agencies and ministry/divisions; aligning planning, implementation and financing activities of Delta ministries/divisions with BDP 2100; aligning delta implementation works with Annual Development Programme (ADP); designing the appropriate mode of financing for PPP related projects under investment plan; climate financing under BDP 2100; practising appropriate feasibility studies before taking up delta investment works (e.g. dredging, TRM, etc.); rationalization and effective functioning of water management infrastructures keeping climate change and ADM principle in view; funding and effective O&M suggested under BDP 2100; and designing new projects taking climate change impacts into consideration.

To address the above mentioned challenges apart from cooperation and coordination of all the stakeholders, we should take up some activities immediately. These are: establishment of ‘Delta Wing’ in GED for overall support, guidance and coordination for the implementation of the BDP 2100; establishment of ‘Delta Fund’ and relevant essential institutional arrangements; establishment of ‘Delta Knowledge Hub’ for hosting, updating and sharing of data/information collected for and relevant to BDP 2100; presenting BDP 2100 to the development partners and also negotiating with them in order to secure investments for the projects enlisted in the IP of BDP 2100; reviewing the concepts for the Water User Association (WUA) and its Terms of Reference (ToR); developing new pricing policies for Water and Sewerage services.

Coordination and cooperation among implementing agencies as well as cooperation with upper riparian countries are considered crucial for the successful implementation of BDP 2100. The cooperation is vital in the following areas namely– strong regional cooperation for Trans-boundary water management issues; basin wide water management and sharing approach for the Ganges, Brahmaputra and the Meghna basin; continuing efforts for signing treaty for sharing water of the Teesta and all other trans-boundary rivers; pursuing construction of the Padma Barrage in suitable location following basin wide Approach through mutual cooperation for retention of water in the dry season; international cooperation on water uses and development in the next 12 years; realising the potentials of blue economy; supporting the Delta Coalition formed by 13 countries for mutual benefits and exchanging/accessing water technologies for improved production and consumption for both home and industrial use; sensitising development partners for mobilising support to the implementation of BDP 2100 Investment Plan; capacity building of the relevant government organisations, acquiring knowledge of international best practices and technology transfer; and realisation of the yearly 100 billion US$ fund to the LDCs and developing countries for achieving SDGs, particularly for climate mitigation and adaptation actions.

Successful implementation of BDP 2100 is earmarked as the major concern in the coming days. Successful implementation mainly lies with the appropriate skills and technical capacity of the relevant organisations. To address this challenge, GED is currently working on a project to support the implementation of BDP 2100. The project aims to support capacity building, institutional strengthening, facilitating implementation, supporting investment planning and financing, validating investment plan, reviewing and updating of BDP 2100, if deem necessary with continuously evolving new knowledge and tools.

The plan took four years to formulate with the help of local, national and international experts and involved a huge number of stakeholders from all walks of life. In each and every stage of its formulation till its final approval, it went through the scrutiny of technical experts and also the policy makers in the government. We are looking forward to the active participation, contribution and support from the government, private and civil society, and media equally in this respect.

Dr. Shamsul Alam is Member (Senior Secretary), General Economics Division, Bangladesh Planning Commission and

coordinating lead Author of Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100

The article appeared in the Financial Express on 24 March 2019

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Bangladesh Delta Plan: Anatomy of a Long-Term Development Strategy

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The Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 is formulated with a target of achieving a safer, secured, resilient and prosperous country by the end of the twenty-first century. The primary goals of the delta plan are to attain food and water security in the long run in this delta along with environmental sustainability and continuous economic growth. The country has been considered as one of the next 11 emerging economies of the world. However, the country is also one of the most climatic vulnerable countries across the globe. Ensuring food security for all remains a key policy challenge for Bangladesh for over a long period. The country also set 2030 as the year to eradicate extreme poverty and to attain the Sustainable Development Goals. In this perspective, the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 is unique in its nature that sets goals and identifies strategies for a period up to the year 2100. However, the delta plan has missed certain issues that are critical for the sustainable development of the delta. This paper, therefore, offers recommendations for consideration as there are scopes to explore these issues being the delta plan is adaptive in nature. Our recommendation ranges from education and research; from exploring the potential of the blue economy to trans-boundary cooperation for water and energy security; from ensuring food security to food-quality security, water and air quality security and public health; from ensuring credibility of the government institutions to providing a national database with comprehensive household information suitable to enable effective policy intervention during shocks, disasters and pandemic like Covid-19 situation.

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Bakshi, R.K., Aktar, S. (2023). Bangladesh Delta Plan: Anatomy of a Long-Term Development Strategy. In: Ahmed, R., Al-Maruf, A., Jenkins, J.C. (eds) Transforming Bangladesh. World Regional Geography Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45093-8_4

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Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP), 2100

The Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP) 2100 is a long term integrated techno-economic mega plan that integrates all delta-related sector plans and policies, enveloping a Delta Vision and strategies that make it possible to integrate sector plans and policies for the long term and to present actionable interventions with a roadmap for realization. 

Government of Bangladesh has approved the Delta Plan 2100 on September 4, 2018 to secure the future of water resources and mitigate the likely effects of climate change and natural disasters.

The Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP) 2100 is a broad-based long-term vision about the likely changes and necessary intervention to make the Bangladesh Delta a safe by the end of the 21st Century. Thus, an integrated, comprehensive and long-term Delta Vision has been stated as:

The Mission for BDP 2100 is formulated as:

“    Ensure long term water and food security, economic growth and environmental sustainability while effectively reducing vulnerability to natural disasters and building resilience to climate change and other delta challenges through robust, adaptive andintegrated strategies, and equitable water governance ” .

This long-term vision needs to be translated into specific goals or targets for its implementation. This is done by combining long term development outcomes in terms of economic growth and poverty reduction in the Perspective of 2041 with targets for reducing long term vulnerability from water and climate change related hazards plus targets for environmental conservation. 

BDP 2100 approach to long term goals:

The BDP 2100 proposes 3 higher level national goals and 6 BDP 2100 specific goals that contribute to achieving these higher-level goals.

Higher level goals:

Goal 1: Eliminate extreme poverty by 2030;

Goal 2: Achieve upper middle-income status by 2030and

Goal 3: Being a Prosperous Country beyond 2041

BDP 2100 specific goals:

Goal 1: Ensure safety from floods and climate change related disasters; 

Goal 2: Enhance water security and efficiency of water usages; 

Goal 3: Ensure sustainable and integrated river systems and estuaries management; 

Goal 4: Conserve and preserve wetlands and ecosystems and promote their wise use; 

Goal 5: Develop effective institutions an- d equitable governance for in-country and trans-boundary water resources management; and

Goal 6: Achieve optimal and integrated use of land and water resources.

Strategies developed at 3 Levels.

• Flood Risk Management
• Coastal Zone (27, 738 sq. km)
• Barind and Drought Prone Areas (22,848 sq. km)
• Haor and Flash Flood Areas (16,574 sq. km)
• Chattogram Hill Tracts (13,295 sq. km)
• River Systems and Estuaries (35,204 sq. km)
• Urban Areas (19,823 sq. km)
• Sustainable Land Use and Spatial Planning
• Agriculture, Food Security and Livelihood
• Trans-boundary Water Resources Management
• Dynamic Inland Water Transport
• Blue Economy
• Renewable Energy
• Earthquakes

Investment Cost of the BDP 2100 and Financing Options

The Dutch officials may be informed that BDP 2100 Investment Plan (IP) consists of a total of 80 projects: 65 are physical projects, and 15 are institutional and knowledge development projects at the first phase up to 2030. Its total capital investment cost is BDT 2,978 billion (US$37 billion).  All projects can be started within the next eight years, though given the scale and programmatic nature of some investments, construction in some cases will extend over decades.

• Total investment need for new projects and maintenance of new and old projects is about 2.5% of GDP per annum. Presently it is only 0.8% of GDP.  
• Out of the total required 2.5% of GDP, some 0.5% of GDP could be funded by the private sector. 
• About 2% of GDP would need to be executed through the public sector. Of which about 0.5% of GDP would need to be spent on O&M activities and the remaining 1.5% of GDP should come under the BDP 2100 IP. It may be noted that at present O&M is very much neglected and the actual amount may not even be more than 0.1% of GDP. 

Bangladesh has undertaken a project of 4 years to support and follow-up implementation of BDP 2100 with assistance of the Government of the Netherlands.  The following projects of BDP 2100 IP are being implemented by the GOB: 

• Dredging and Excavation of Canals and Small Rivers in 64 Districts (1st Phase): Total Project Cost – BDT 2279.55 Crore (US$ 268 million). The project is being implemented by Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB). 
• Dredging/Re-excavation of Bangali-Karatoa-Fuljor-Hurasagor River System & Bank Protection Project: Total Project Cost- BDT 2335.60 crore ((US$ 275 million).  BWDB has already started execution of the project.
• Urir Char Cross Dam in Noakhali project with total cost of BDT 533 crore (US$ 63 million is now awaiting for approval of the Planning Commission. 
•  World Bank has already expressed its interest in financing BDP 2100 IP.  The Bank has undertaken a Feasibility Study for “The Multi-Phase Jamuna Integrated River Basin Management (a part of Integrated Jamuna-Padma Rivers Stabilization and Land Reclamation) project, which is expected to be completed this year.

Investment Priorities

Priority areas are-flood protection, river erosion control, river management including river training and navigability, urban and rural water supply and waste management, and urban flood control and drainage. These are highly capital-intensive investments.

• Firstly, Investments in flood control, river erosion, river management including dredging, training and navigability are amongst the highest priority investments areas and will likely absorb 35% of total Delta investments. 
• Secondly, the investments in urban water supply, sanitation, waste management and drainage in major cities coupled with rapidly growing concentration of population and economic density in these areas suggest that this category will absorb at least 25% of all delta investments. 
• Thirdly, the lack of water and sanitation services in small towns and rural areas suggest that the need to achieve the government’s targets for safe water supply and sanitation for these areas will call for massive investments in these services. This category may absorb as much as 20% of total BDP 2100 investment up to FY2031. 

Signed Documents

• MoU between Government of Bangladesh and the Netherlands on May 2012 for formulation of Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100
• MoU between Government of Bangladesh, the Netherlands, and the World Bank on 16 June 2015 regarding strengthening water management in Bangladesh Delta

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Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 (Abridged Version).

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Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100: Long-Term Development Vision For Next Generations

Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 is a visionary step towards fulfilling the commitment of achieving a safe, resilient, and prosperous Bangladesh, and it would ensure an optimistic future for the next generations. The potential of deltaic Bangladesh even faced the long-term challenges of climate change impacts and natural disasters. The government adopted the plan with the cooperation of the Netherlands government, taking their delta experiences.

The plan aims to ensure long-term water, food, and energy security, with economic growth, poverty alleviation, and environmental sustainability, reducing vulnerability to natural disasters, and building resilience to climate change and other deltaic challenges in Bangladesh, the largest delta in the world. The plan also defines the short-medium, and long-term goals, targets, and strategies as steps to achieve the vision and make the plan successful.

Bangladesh has been experiencing rapid socio-economic development in recent times with improved per capita income, higher GDP growth, and better performance in social indicators, e.g. education, health, sanitation, child mortality, etc. The economy is gradually transforming from a rural to an urban, more industrial and service-oriented economy. The deltaic formation by the confluence of three mighty rivers, e.g. Padma, Meghna, and Jamuna, the country is often affected by tidal surges, flooding, river erosion, drought, cyclones, and salinity-intrusion, which causes continuous challenges to the basic human needs of security.

The development of the country is also threatened by other challenges, e.g. urbanization, declining land availability, weak infrastructure, energy shortage, and overpopulation. The plan is to integrate (a combination of relevant elements in a comprehensive approach to the total national system), the medium to long-term aspirations to achieve SDGs by 2030, and upper-middle income status by 2041.

Background of the Development Plan

The history of Bangladesh's development can be referred to with a quotation by the Father of the Nation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, which was printed in the 1st 5-year plan foreword message (1973-1978, November 1973):

“No plan, however well formulated, can be implemented unless there is a total commitment on the part of the people of the country to work hard and make necessary sacrifices”.

Bangabandhu was always committed to developing flood control, drainage, and irrigation facilities in the country, and established the relief ministry immediately after the independence, giving attention to building a disaster-resilient country. He also initiated the construction of earthen forts in 1972, locally known as ‘Mujib-Killa’ in coastal regions, aiming to provide shelter to coastal vulnerable people affected by disasters with livestock. The Mujib-Killa was the first initiative in history to minimize the loss and damages.

Plan for the Future Generations

The Delta plan looks primarily at the Delta agenda up to 2050, but its implications beyond 2050, and sets up a long-term vision for Bangladesh up to 2100 as ‘Achieving a safe, climate resilient and prosperous delta’, through strong, adaptive and integrated strategies.

The strategies are based on public funding and involve some combination of tax financing, application of cost-recovery based on the ‘beneficiary-pays principle’, and mobilizing foreign funding including the global Green Climate Fund initiative. The plan has a total capital investment cost estimated at USD 37 billion. The delta plan is a gift for the future generations by the present generation.

Climate Change and the Delta Plan

The climate change impact has already molded the seasonal variation, and its characteristics, to unusual warmer, rainfall, dryness, hot temperature, and increased frequency of natural disasters, and would result in additional inundation of 14% area of the country by 2050, if no actions are taken. The coastal districts are to be more vulnerable to floods and displacement of more than 35 million people to urban or higher lands, with a loss of 1.3% of GDP per year in a moderate impact to 2.0% of GDP per year in an extreme climate situation.

The delta plan process consists of major three steps: (i) conducting baseline studies; (ii) developing delta vision, goals, and management framework; and (iii) formulating adaptive strategy. The plan focuses on how to enable socioeconomic development under uncertain changing conditions.

The plan is holistic (understanding a system, happens as a whole, cannot be understood solely, where delta forms as holism), considering many themes, and sectors and bringing together strategies, integrated for the country in a single plan.

Development Challenges

The Delta Plan is not a new or separate development plan. The evidence from the experiences of global and Bangladesh suggested that climate change is a real threat to all national levels, ranked as the 5th most vulnerable country in the world in terms of risks from natural disasters.  

Also, due to climate impact, the most vulnerable sector is agriculture, which increases the incidence of insect pests, diseases, and microorganisms. Rising temperature also reduces yields of agricultural products. Farm productivity will fall due to an increase in soil salinity caused by sea-level rise, flooding, and saline-water intrusion.

The other vulnerable sectors are forestry, ecosystems, and the largest mangrove forest - the Sundarbans, coastal land erosion, reduction of productive land, and increased natural disasters. Health hazards will also intensify. Water-borne diseases, such as diarrhea and dysentery, and vector-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue, are also climate-sensitive.

Plan Vision

The Delta Plan approaches a long-term vision to develop a broad-based Bangladesh by the end of the 21st Century (upto-2100). Thus, an integrated, comprehensive, and long-term delta vision might be formulated as: “achieving safe, climate resilient and prosperous delta”.

Plan Mission: The plan is formulated as to:

“Ensure long-term water and food security, economic growth and environmental sustainability while effectively reducing vulnerability to natural disasters and building resilience to climate change and other delta challenges through robust, adaptive and integrated strategies, and equitable water-governance”.

Plan Goals (long-term approaches)

This long-term vision needs specific goals or targets for implementing the vision. This is done by combining long-term development outcomes, with economic growth and poverty reduction, targets of the new perspective plan 2041 for reducing vulnerability from water and climate change impacts.

(A) Higher-level goals (upcoming perspective plan)

Goal 1: Eliminate extreme poverty by 2030;

Goal 2: Achieve upper middle-income status by 2030; and

Goal 3: Being a Prosperous Country beyond 2041.

(B) Specific goals (water-ecology-land use, contribute to higher level goals)

Goal 1: Ensure safety from floods and climate change-related disasters;

Goal 2: Enhance water security and efficiency of water usage;

Goal 3: Ensure sustainable and integrated river systems and estuaries management;

Goal 4: Conserve & preserve wetlands, and ecosystems, to promote their wise use;

Goal 5: Develop effective institutions and equitable governance for in-country and transboundary water resources management; and

Goal 6: Achieve optimal and integrated use of land and water resources.

(C) Plan Goals (managing uncertainties approaches, linking to outcomes)

The plan is a flexible adaptive approach to convert the vision to medium-term strategies, in the inherent uncertainties of the long-term behavior of natural disasters that influences the total environmental outcomes. The plan uses the best available information and policy options, and the scenarios and strategies are to be updated frequently. This adaptive approach includes all development targets and investment programs. The establishment of a “Delta Knowledge Bank”, doing sound monitoring and evaluation to assess progress and shortcomings are to be managed. 

Development Hotspot

Six development hotspots are categorized for the consideration of hydrological regions, geographic type, and magnitude of the natural disasters. The hotspots are:

(1) Coastal Zone, comprising 19 coastal districts;

(2) Barind and Drought Prone Areas, comprising 18 districts;

(3) Haor and Flash Flood Areas, comprising 7 districts; 

(4) Chattogram Hill Tracts, consisting of 3 hill districts;

(5) River Systems and Estuaries, comprising 29 districts with rivers, estuaries; and

(6) Urban Areas, consisting of 7 districts, most urban structures.

Development Strategies

The plan is to develop two policy options to evaluate the impact of climate change and natural disasters on development outcomes: Option-1: what happens to development outcomes if there is no Delta Plan (called a business-as-usual option); and Option-2 develops macroeconomic outcomes if the Delta Plan is adopted.

The results are very frustrating, with downward effects on the growth effort in option 1: (i) GDP growth rate starts falling due to climate change and natural disasters; (ii) Efficiency of capital falls; (iii) migration to cities, adding urbanization pressures; (iv) Agriculture productivity falls; (v) Land degradation and productivity reduce; (vi) Cost of urban production increases; (vii) Urban water-shortages, water quality and sanitation risks add to health costs and reduce quality of life.

Prioritization and Sequencing

Within each hotspot program, projects are to be prioritized and sequenced with adaptive pathways to help sequence projects, so that investments are neither ‘too much, too soon’, nor ‘too little’-‘too late’, but instead deliver ‘enough in time’. The projects are addressed in 3 central themes:

(1) Preventing ‘too much water’- (stopping floods, water-logging);

(2) Ensuring ‘enough’ water- (enabling water security for irrigation, adequate in-channel-flows for inland water navigation); and 

(3) Ensuring ‘adequate quality water’- (preventing water pollution, ensuring urban/city safe water to drink).

Sectoral Strategies- Energy Sector Development

The energy and power sectors are facing many challenges, e.g. lack of adequate resources (private, public, external); issues with good governance, proper coordination, appropriate-cost and asset accounting system; irregular and insufficient gas supply; inadequate maintenance of power plants; tariff structures; implementation of power projects; organizing projects funds; fixing projects prioritization; and maintenance budget; which are to be focused and managed.  

The power sector is experiencing a transition period at present and has been heavily dependent on natural gas. The gas reserves of the country are declining. The power sector will shift its dependence from natural gas to imported coal and local coal, with a gradual shift towards exploring potential renewables.  

Water Sector Management

The nationwide demand for water is growing every day which is being intensified by several socio-technical drivers, for example, high demographic changes, rapid and unplanned urbanization, high sectoral demand (e.g. agriculture, fisheries, transportation, industries, forestry, etc.), and for climate change effects. The availability of water in dry and summer-rainy seasons creates complications in water resources management, and also complex relations related to the fact that the river water flows from 93% of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna, which lies outside the border of Bangladesh and drained out to the Bay of Bengal through the country. The sustainable use of water provides the backbone of the Delta Plan. The strategies for managing water in the seasons are formulated, and flexible in respect of actions with its timeframe and uncertainties.

Bio-Diversity and Environmental Management

Wetlands are precious for the environment, ecology, and biodiversity. They are an integral part of the local ecosystem closely related to local cultures and support the livelihoods of millions of people based on diverse activities, such as fishing and agriculture. There is an urgent need to take action against wetlands degradation and maintain them through proper management.

Strategic considerations include (i) conservation and preservation of wetlands and ecosystems through institutional capacity-building, research, and awareness-raising programs; (ii) restoration of the Chalan-Beel and the Halda River; (iii) establishing greenbelt around the hills of the Kaptai Lake; (iv) preserving the Sundarban mangrove forest and parts of the Haor-Basin wetlands, planting of artificial mangrove forest, development of greenbelt, and development of the islands.

Coastal Zone Management

The coastal zone covers the southwest, south-central, and southeast areas (including plains of the Eastern Hills region) of Bangladesh, which, in its natural state, is often subjected to inundation by high tides, saline water intrusion, cyclonic storms, and associated tidal surges. Most of the coastal areas are protected by coastal polders, however, their vulnerability in the long term due to climate change-induced disasters, makes them a prime development domain within the Delta Plan. Water supply for domestic and other purposes is severely restrained, and the coastal zone’s sanitation coverage is below the national average.

The coastal zone, especially the flat and unprotected areas will severely be impacted due to cyclones, storm surges, and climate change-induced problems like sea-level rise, heavy monsoon downpours, unavailability of freshwater, and saltwater ingress. Due to rising sea levels, the salinity frontier of the coastal zone will move upstream gradually over the years.

Conclusions

Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 is a holistic, integrated long-term, vision-based plan as a guide to achieve vision-2041 and gifts for the future generation. The plan has been developed in a new and innovative manner, taking development strategies and issues on the climate change effects into account, and is a key element in addressing uncertainty about the future.

The Delta Plan embraces scenarios that outline possible futures for the country. To draw up an efficient and effective implementation of the plan, considerations are to be given on appropriate strategic approaches with empirical knowledge. A large number of stakeholders at all levels, will be involved in the plan implementation process. To support the exchange of experiences and sharing of knowledge, an ‘above project level platform’ is also to be formed.

The coastal zone has a huge potential to create opportunities of national importance, which need to be prioritized and brought into a development circle. There is an adequate and predictable financing policy, which also needs to be ensured for the successful implementation of the Delta plan. The participation of the local community at the maximum level is highly encouraged in the development process for a better and resourceful Bangladesh.

(References: BD Delta Plan 2100-Planning Commission 2021; BD Delta Plan-World Bank 2022)

AKM Monowar Hossain Akhand, Former Additional Secretary, Ministry of Public Administration, Government of Bangladesh.

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Supporting Bangladesh’s Delta Plan through strategic partnerships

Jamuna River Pilot in Kalihati / World Bank

STORY HIGHLIGHTS

• Host to the largest delta in the world, Bangladesh is an inspiring development story. However, the country cannot achieve its goal of becoming an upper-middle-income country by 2030 without ensuring climate resilience and addressing water security.
• The World Bank is supporting the Government in implementing its ambitious Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP) 2100 to enhance water and food security, economic growth, and environmental sustainability while reducing vulnerability to climate change.
• The Global Water Security and Sanitation Partnership is supporting the World Bank team in delivering strategic analytical work, capacity building and evidence-based policy advice to help accelerate the implementation of BDP2100, increase private participation, and water supply and sanitation sector reforms.

“ Water, water, everywhere, Nor any (clean) drop to drink.” The lament of the ancient mariner may well be shared by Bangladesh which has abundant water but struggles to provide universal and safe water supply and sanitation services to more than 140 million Bangladeshis. Host to the largest delta in the world with a network of more than 230 major rivers, the country faces significant natural hazards, including tidal surges, salinity, and flooding. Despite having successfully reached the Millennium Development Goal s for water and sanitation it is quite behind in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In Bangladesh, 68.3 million people lack access to safely-managed drinking water and 103 million people lack access to safely-managed sanitation. Rivers in Bangladesh, which are its lifeblood, providing transportation and ecological services, and livelihood to millions of people, have witnessed decreased flows due to erosion, pollution, and encroachment.

The World Bank with support from Global Water Security and Sanitation Partnership (GWSP) is providing analytical support, technical assistance, and capacity building to assist Bangladesh’s journey towards a livable and prosperous delta and to achieve the targets under SDG6 to ensure access to safe water and sanitation for all.

Addressing Water Sector Challenges in Bangladesh with GWSP support

The World Bank has been actively engaged in Bangladesh’s Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) sector since 1990 — supporting scaling up and capacity building of pro-poor rural water and sanitation systems, assisting policy and regulatory reforms, and aiding development of innovative private sector partnership service delivery models for rural water supply and sanitation. Starting in 2017, the World Bank has been broadening its engagement in the water sector in the country and, in recent years, has strongly supported the government’s ambitious Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 (BDP 2100). The BDP 2100, a flagship national plan, aims to eliminate extreme poverty, help Bangladesh achieve upper-middle income status by 2030 and become a prosperous country by 2041. Its key goal is to ensure water and food security, economic growth, and environmental sustainability while reducing vulnerability to climate change.

To support the BDP 2100, the World Bank has developed a Bangladesh Water Platform that brings togethe r different stakeholders Undertaken with GWSP assistance, this Platform has facilitated coordination between stakeholders and supported analytics that provided an important evidence base to inform government policies and projects.  Some of the flagship studies delivered under the Bangladesh Water Platform include Promising Progress, a diagnostic of WSS in Bangladesh ; Monsoons, Rivers, and Tides – a diagnostic of the water sector ; and the   Public Expenditure Review analyzing fiscal aspects of the water sector. These have informed initiatives and projects not only in the water sector but also in environment, urban and rural development, and human capital.

For instance, the work delivered under the Platform has directly informed the design of the Jamuna River Sustainable Management Project Project (Phase 1) financed by a $100 million loan from the World Bank. This multi-sectoral initiative is the first in a series of projects on this iconic and braided river that will improve management of floods and erosion, improve the navigability of the river, and provide insurance cover to vulnerable communities in the event of major disaster.

Another major initiative under the Platform has been to support the government in its thinking on and efforts to clean up and rejuvenate the rivers around its capital, Dhaka. Specifically, the World Bank is helping the government in developing a long-term Umbrella Investment Program for the restoration of the rivers in Dhaka and enhancing their interconnected urban-water-navigation services through a strategic framework. It is helping prioritize and sequence scores of planned investments and providing recommendations for their effective implementation. It is also supporting preparation of major projects such as the Dhaka Rivers Ecological Restoration Project, which will work on pollution hot spots in and around Dhaka to reduce the amount of untreated sewage, industrial effluent and solid waste pollution entering the rivers surrounding the city, thereby improving the lives of the people of Dhaka.

The Water Platform also brough its multisectoral approach to designing the Rural Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) for Human Capital Development Project . It is one of the largest rural WASH projects supported by the World Bank globally at $550 million targeting 9 million beneficiaries. The project provides capacity-building and financial support to microfinance institutions, which offer WASH loans to households and local entrepreneurs for toilet construction and water facilities improvement. This not only helps to increase local private sector capacity and enable them to expand business by linking with microfinance institutions, but also deliver WASH services in a cost-effective way to the poor. The project is also addressing human development challenges faced by vulnerable households in some of the poorest regions of the country by leveraging multisectoral interventions in WASH, and health and nutrition, and income support through two other World Bank projects in the same geographical area with common delivery platforms and communications strategy.

Through these innovative and multisectoral activities, the World Bank with GWSP support is helping Bangladesh fulfill its goal of a livable and prosperous delta for its 171 million people.

The steady analytical and operational development work, and strategic policy dialogue with Bangladesh over the past five years have created an effective collaboration between the World Bank, Government of Bangladesh, and other development partners. This in turn has created opportunities for developing longer-term programs to address critical development needs in the country.

Looking ahead, Bangladesh’s vulnerability to the effects of climate change and other socio-economic challenges persistently threatens its steady future growth. Thus, continued and tailored support from partners such as the World Bank, including GWSP, are vital to bringing into Bangladesh global knowledge, leverage local lessons, and help the country uphold its inspiring story of growth and development as it aspires to become an upper middle-income country by 2031.

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A 100 year climate resilient delta plan for Bangladesh

A central role for the youth and nature based solutions.

Published on: 02/06/2022

River Meghna, near Lakshmipur, Bangladesh. Credit: Digbijoy Dey/IRC

Bangladesh Development Plan 2100 Conference

Since 2009, processes have been underway in Bangladesh to formulate long-term strategic plans to chart out the country’s development pathway. Of these, the longest envisioned plan is the Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP), which sets the target of achieving a safe, climate resilient and prosperous delta by 2100. On 26 th and 27 th of May 2022, the first International Conference on BDP  2100 was held in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. From the beginning, the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands has been a strategic partner for BDP 2100, helping in formulating the plan and developing the projects under the BDP. The international conference was jointly organised by the General Economic Division of the Planning Commission of the Government of Bangladesh and the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Bangladesh.

The two-day conference was planned to share the progress of the BDP. Bangladesh is good at planning and developed many good policies and strategies in the past. Despite that a plan for 100 years sounds unique to the people of Bangladesh. In the conference it was revealed that a 100 year delta plan is even unique to most other countries in the world.

Progress and challenges since 2009

The purpose of the conference was to share with the wider audience the progress made in BDP 2100 since its commencement in 2009, and set the course for its implementation. The conference saw participation of concerned government officials, development partners, delta experts, private sectors actors, civil society organisations, youth enthusiasts and journalists. The conference began with the sharing of activities completed till date. These included the findings from the initial assessments the BPD team has carried out, getting the concerned government ministries and departments on board, discussions with external stakeholders (e.g. development partners, civil society organisations etc.) and finalisation of the inception reports. 

The session on 'Institutional Challenges & Opportunities with International lessons', moderated by John Roome and Dr. Saleemul Huq from the World Bank and ICCAD respectively, brought to the fore the issue of the siloed approach of the different stakeholders, the lack of collaboration amongst them, the absence of legal recognition of the BDP 2100, and the higher need for investment, as key challenges of the plan. However, the opportunity that shrouds the challenges is the prospect of the youth. It was echoed in the discussion that the Delta Plan has been formulated and kicked-off by the matured ones, but the upcoming generations will have to foster it and carry it out. It is therefore crucial that BDP 2100 builds up good communication with the youth. 

The BDP has identified six climate hotspots in Bangladesh. They are: Coastal Zone, River Systems, Urban Areas, Hill Tracts, Barind and Haors. Among the six, the first three were discussed in three break-out sessions. The other two break-out session topics, Agriculture Transformation and Valuing Water Initiatives covered the cross-cutting issues of all six Delta hotspots of Bangladesh. Water and sanitation challenges for example, were discussed in break-out sessions for both urban areas and coastal zones.

The break-out sessions discussed the challenges and opportunities and an effort was made to formulate a few specific recommendations. One of the challenges which was also identified in the plenary session was that different government departments are engaged in implementing the Delta Plan. It is difficult to form a common understanding about the plan among all these actors. Mr. Zaheed Farooque, MP, Honourable State Minister from Ministry of Water Resources suggested that providing legal recognition for the Delta Plan can be a good way to address this challenge. The Government of Bangladesh plans to provide national policy status to the Delta Plan and to develop a follow-up parliamentary act (regulation) to govern the Delta Plan at all levels of the state machinery.

Connecting with the youth

Another challenge that was highlighted was engaging the youth in the implementation of the plan, since it is the youth who will eventually take over the role of implementation and will benefit from it. Government officials described how they were planning to engage the youth in their operations. A notable example was given by Kabir Bin Anwar, Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Water Resources. He stated that the youth from the coastal and riverine areas will be engaged in the Water Management Committees of the Water Development Board so that they can contribute to decision making in water resource management. Dr. Saleemul Huq shared that there is a process underway to develop an academic syllabus on the Delta Plan for the universities of Bangladesh. In the discussion ministers also stated that the Delta Plan content will eventually be included in the school text book curriculum.

BDP  2100 is an ambitious plan which holds great promise for the development of Bangladesh, not only post 2100 but also along the course. However, for it to deliver its benefits a few things need to be considered:

• Generating a common understanding/vision about the plan among the different government ministries and departments with a dedicated communication channel for all levels.
• It is important to not just engage youth but engage them meaningfully so that they can contribute in decision making.
• Use learnings from the experience of the Dutch and Mekong Delta, to develop a communication plan to accompany the BDP to communicate with the various stakeholders as well as engage the youth meaningfully.
• Setting up a results framework for the overall BDP and develop indicators for monitoring progress. Sustainability should be a guiding principle for the results framework and monitoring progress.

Nature based solutions

It is worth mentioning that Nature Based Solutions are increasingly being adopted by government departments (e.g. water resources, agriculture) as a key approach in the BDP. Nevertheless, Nature Based Solutions  is not just an approach but a philosophy. And to successfully apply the approach, in-depth knowledge on the indigenous practices is required. For instance, the sand-motor in The Hague (see the video below) or Ecosystem Service Modelling in Vietnam were adopted after long observation of indigenous knowledge and practices. We are at a nascent stage of the implementation of the Delta Plan. Taking a closer look at nature from the indigenous lens may give us better ecological solutions for the future.

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Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100: Knowledge Portal

International conference on the bangladesh delta plan 2100 - issues and challenges of implementation,, introducing the swibangla project, climate change, water resources and wash systems.

Digbijoy Dey

Senior Programme Officer | Asia Regional Programme

কনটেন্টটি শেয়ার করতে ক্লিক করুন

National Portal Bangladesh

পোর্টাল সাবস্ক্রাইব করুন

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t The Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP) 2100 is a long term integrated techno-economic mega plan that integrates all delta-related sector plans and policies, enveloping a Delta Vision and strategies that make it possible to integrate sector plans and policies for the long term and to present actionable interventions with a roadmap for realization.  Government of Bangladesh has approved the Delta Plan 2100 on September 4, 2018 to secure the future of water resources and mitigate the likely effects of climate change and natural disasters. The Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP) 2100 is a broad-based long-term vision about the likely changes and necessary intervention to make the Bangladesh Delta a safe by the end of the 21st Century. Thus, an integrated, comprehensive and long-term Delta Vision has been stated as: Achieving safe, climate resilient and prosperous delta Ensure long term water and food security, economic growth and environmental sustainability while effectively reducing vulnerability to natural disasters and building resilience to climate change and other delta challenges through robust, adaptive andintegrated strategies, and equitable water governance . This long-term vision needs to be translated into specific goals or targets for its implementation. This is done by combining long term development outcomes in terms of economic growth and poverty reduction in the Perspective of 2041 with targets for reducing long term vulnerability from water and climate change related hazards plus targets for environmental conservation.  BDP 2100 approach to long term goals: The BDP 2100 proposes 3 higher level national goals and 6 BDP 2100 specific goals that contribute to achieving these higher-level goals. Higher level goals: Goal 1: Eliminate extreme poverty by 2030; Goal 2: Achieve upper middle-income status by 2030and Goal 3: Being a Prosperous Country beyond 2041 BDP 2100 specific goals: Goal 1: Ensure safety from floods and climate change related disasters;  Goal 2: Enhance water security and efficiency of water usages;  Goal 3: Ensure sustainable and integrated river systems and estuaries management;  Goal 4: Conserve and preserve wetlands and ecosystems and promote their wise use;  Goal 5: Develop effective institutions an- d equitable governance for in-country and trans-boundary water resources management; and Goal 6: Achieve optimal and integrated use of land and water resources. Strategies developed at 3 Levels. Flood Risk Management Coastal Zone (27, 738 sq. km) Barind and Drought Prone Areas (22,848 sq. km) Haor and Flash Flood Areas (16,574 sq. km) Chattogram Hill Tracts (13,295 sq. km) River Systems and Estuaries (35,204 sq. km) Urban Areas (19,823 sq. km) Sustainable Land Use and Spatial Planning Agriculture, Food Security and Livelihood Trans-boundary Water Resources Management Dynamic Inland Water Transport Blue Economy Renewable Energy Earthquakes Investment Cost of the BDP 2100 and Financing Options The Dutch officials may be informed that BDP 2100 Investment Plan (IP) consists of a total of 80 projects: 65 are physical projects, and 15 are institutional and knowledge development projects at the first phase up to 2030. Its total capital investment cost is BDT 2,978 billion (US$37 billion).  All projects can be started within the next eight years, though given the scale and programmatic nature of some investments, construction in some cases will extend over decades. Total investment need for new projects and maintenance of new and old projects is about 2.5% of GDP per annum. Presently it is only 0.8% of GDP.   Out of the total required 2.5% of GDP, some 0.5% of GDP could be funded by the private sector.  About 2% of GDP would need to be executed through the public sector. Of which about 0.5% of GDP would need to be spent on O&M activities and the remaining 1.5% of GDP should come under the BDP 2100 IP. It may be noted that at present O&M is very much neglected and the actual amount may not even be more than 0.1% of GDP.  Bangladesh has undertaken a project of 4 years to support and follow-up implementation of BDP 2100 with assistance of the Government of the Netherlands.  The following projects of BDP 2100 IP are being implemented by the GOB:  Dredging and Excavation of Canals and Small Rivers in 64 Districts (1st Phase): Total Project Cost – BDT 2279.55 Crore (US$ 268 million). The project is being implemented by Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB).  Dredging/Re-excavation of Bangali-Karatoa-Fuljor-Hurasagor River System & Bank Protection Project: Total Project Cost- BDT 2335.60 crore ((US$ 275 million).  BWDB has already started execution of the project. Urir Char Cross Dam in Noakhali project with total cost of BDT 533 crore (US$ 63 million is now awaiting for approval of the Planning Commission.   World Bank has already expressed its interest in financing BDP 2100 IP.  The Bank has undertaken a Feasibility Study for “The Multi-Phase Jamuna Integrated River Basin Management (a part of Integrated Jamuna-Padma Rivers Stabilization and Land Reclamation) project, which is expected to be completed this year. Investment Priorities Priority areas are-flood protection, river erosion control, river management including river training and navigability, urban and rural water supply and waste management, and urban flood control and drainage. These are highly capital-intensive investments. Firstly, Investments in flood control, river erosion, river management including dredging, training and navigability are amongst the highest priority investments areas and will likely absorb 35% of total Delta investments.  Secondly, the investments in urban water supply, sanitation, waste management and drainage in major cities coupled with rapidly growing concentration of population and economic density in these areas suggest that this category will absorb at least 25% of all delta investments.  Thirdly, the lack of water and sanitation services in small towns and rural areas suggest that the need to achieve the government’s targets for safe water supply and sanitation for these areas will call for massive investments in these services. This category may absorb as much as 20% of total BDP 2100 investment up to FY2031.  Signed Documents MoU between Government of Bangladesh and the Netherlands on May 2012 for formulation of Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 MoU between Government of Bangladesh, the Netherlands, and the World Bank on 16 June 2015 regarding strengthening water management in Bangladesh Delta Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100: Implementation challenges and way forward Shamsul Alam Published : Share this news Bangladesh Government has approved Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 (BDP 2100) on September 04, 2018 with the aspiration of achieving 'safe, climate resilient and prosperous Delta' by 2100. In other words, 'BDP 2100 is the plan for moving Bangladesh forward towards the end of 21st Century. Efforts have been made to formulate BDP 2100 exactly in the same way we want to build Bangladesh in coming years of this century. BDP 2100 is indeed the combination of long-term strategies and subsequent interventions for ensuring long term water and food security, economic growth and environmental sustainability while effectively reducing vulnerability to natural disasters and building resilience to climate change and other delta challenges through robust, adaptive and integrated strategies, and equitable water governance. In fact, the complexity and dynamics of the Bangladesh delta necessitates a long term plan to address challenges and realise the opportunities of Bangladesh Delta. From that necessity with the directives from the Hon'ble Prime Minister, General Economics Division (GED) of Bangladesh Planning Commission has formulated BDP 2100 which is a holistic and integrated plan considering many themes and sectors for the whole country. The needs of natural resource management have also been articulated in this mega plan. Side by side, it is also a techno-economic plan, which covers both technical and economic issues (GDP growth, poverty reduction, employment, food security, investment etc) for the whole country. BDP 2100 is also an implementable plan having an investment programme up to year 2030 linked with mobilisation of financial resources. Another important thing regarding this plan is that it has strongly focused on climate change issues such as temperature rise, erratic rainfall pattern, sea level rise etc., and for that it followed an Adaptive Delta Management (ADM) approach. For the first time in any development planning, BDP 2100 has taken the climate change issue as an exogenous variable in developing the macroeconomic framework of the plan. In order to illustrate the role of BDP 2100 and its contribution to the long term development of Bangladesh, two policy options are considered. One is called the Business As Usual (BAU) Policy Option where it is illustrated that when the adverse impact of climate change and natural hazards increases, the GDP growth rate starts falling over time, efficiency of capital falls resulting in lower agricultural production, unemployment, migration and pressure on urbanisation. The other option, Delta Plan (DP) Policy Option incorporates the adoption of strong climate change related adaptation measures to achieve higher and sustainable growth trajectories in the face of the various weather-related natural hazards and risks. This DP policy option will allow us to achieve national level goals of eradicating extreme poverty and achieving the status of UMIC by 2030 and also secure being a prosperous country by 2041. Moreover, macro-economic analysis done for BDP 2100 reveals that in Business As Usual (BAU) policy option, the extreme poverty will be eradicated around 2041. But, if the country adopts Delta Plan policy option extreme poverty could be eradicated around 2027. Side by side, yearly economic loss of about 1.7 per cent or more of GDP due to climate change impacts and natural hazards has been predicted in future for Bangladesh Delta without BDP 2100. BDP 2100 is a long-term holistic and integrated plan where management of water resources following Adaptive Delta Management (ADM) is the cornerstone. Efforts have been made to link the integrated water resources management (IWRM) with economic growth and development considering the impact of climate change and natural disaster as the exogenous factor. In BDP 2100, water has been considered the most important factor for the sustainability of this delta, not only for the human beings but also for sustainable environment. Important components of the IWRM include different areas covering water security, CC impact and environmental sustainability, food security and livelihood, economic growth, social development, knowledge development, biodiversity conservation, forestry, crop production etc. Consistent with this, Delta specific goals are fixed. The goals are to: ensure safety from floods and climate change related disasters; ensure water security and efficiency of water usages; ensure sustainable and integrated river systems and estuaries management; conserve and preserve wetlands and ecosystems and promote their proper use; develop effective institutions and equitable governance for in-country and trans-boundary WR management; and achieve optimal use of land and water resources. All these goals are directly or indirectly related to the SDGs also. It must be mentioned that, all six BDP 2100 goals are fully linked with SDG Goal 2, 6, 13 and 14 and partially linked with Goal 1, 5, 8, 9, 11 and 15. This linkage supported by appropriate interventions and policy will be continued in the upcoming 8th Five Year Plan (FYP) as well as the 2nd Perspective Plan (2021-41) in achieving the Bangladesh's Vision for 2041. In BDP 2100 strategies as well as interventions are devised at three levels, viz. National level (Flood Risk Management and Fresh Water), Hotspot wise and Strategies for  cross-cutting issues. Cross cutting issues considered in BDP are: sustainable land use and spatial planning; agriculture, food security and livelihood, trans-boundary water resources management; activating inland water transport system; blue economy; renewable energy; and preparedness for earthquakes. As such, some salient features of this mega plan are that it followed the principle of "Living with Nature" which has been complimented by following "no regret" measures. All the strategies and associated interventions are considered through the lens of "economic growth" and "environmental sustainability". Formulation and implementation of BDP 2100 is inclusive of all the stakeholders. During the preparation of the plan, lessons have been drawn from all other relevant plans and policies. Most importantly, the plan itself is both 'horizontally' and 'vertically' integrated. Another very important task conducted before the formulation of the plan is conducting baseline studies in 26 major areas relevant to the. The studies conducted were related to climate change, natural resources, environment and ecology, reviewing past experiences and considered investment and finance, governance, knowledge and data management etc. All of these baseline studies were reviewed and finally approved by the Technical Advisory Committee comprising renowned researchers, academia, subject specialist and professionals. Formulation and approval of BDP 2100 is only the first step towards achieving safe, climate resilient and prosperous delta. Challenges mainly lie with its successful implementation. There are few challenges which should be addressed in a systematic and articulated manner. The challenges are namely, financing of its investment plan; capacity building of the implementers who will take the plan in the field; coordination among/between/within agencies and ministry/divisions; aligning planning, implementation and financing activities of Delta ministries/divisions with BDP 2100; aligning delta implementation works with Annual Development Programme (ADP); designing the appropriate mode of financing for PPP related projects under investment plan; climate financing under BDP 2100; practising appropriate feasibility studies before taking up delta investment works (e.g. dredging, TRM, etc.); rationalization and effective functioning of water management infrastructures keeping climate change and ADM principle in view; funding and effective O&M suggested under BDP 2100; and designing new projects taking climate change impacts into consideration. To address the above mentioned challenges apart from cooperation and coordination of all the stakeholders, we should take up some activities immediately. These are: establishment of 'Delta Wing' in GED for overall support, guidance and coordination for the implementation of the BDP 2100; establishment of 'Delta Fund' and relevant essential institutional arrangements; establishment of 'Delta Knowledge Hub' for hosting, updating and sharing of data/information collected for and relevant to BDP 2100; presenting BDP 2100 to the development partners and also negotiating with them in order to secure investments for the projects enlisted in the IP of BDP 2100; reviewing the concepts for the Water User Association (WUA) and its Terms of Reference (ToR); developing new pricing policies for Water and Sewerage services. Coordination and cooperation among implementing agencies as well as cooperation with upper riparian countries are considered crucial for the successful implementation of BDP 2100. The cooperation is vital in the following areas namely-- strong regional cooperation for Trans-boundary water management issues; basin wide water management and sharing approach for the Ganges, Brahmaputra and the Meghna basin; continuing efforts for signing treaty for sharing water of the Teesta and all other trans-boundary rivers; pursuing construction of the Padma Barrage in suitable location following basin wide Approach through mutual cooperation for retention of water in the dry season; international cooperation on water uses and development in the next 12 years; realising the potentials of blue economy; supporting the Delta Coalition formed by 13 countries for mutual benefits and exchanging/accessing water technologies for improved production and consumption for both home and industrial use; sensitising development partners for mobilising support to the implementation of BDP 2100 Investment Plan; capacity building of the relevant government organisations, acquiring knowledge of international best practices and technology transfer; and realisation of the yearly 100 billion US$ fund to the LDCs and developing countries for achieving SDGs, particularly for climate mitigation and adaptation actions. Successful implementation of BDP 2100 is earmarked as the major concern in the coming days. Successful implementation mainly lies with the appropriate skills and technical capacity of the relevant organisations. To address this challenge, GED is currently working on a project to support the implementation of BDP 2100. The project aims to support capacity building, institutional strengthening, facilitating implementation, supporting investment planning and financing, validating investment plan, reviewing and updating of BDP 2100, if deem necessary with continuously evolving new knowledge and tools. The plan took four years to formulate with the help of local, national and international experts and involved a huge number of stakeholders from all walks of life. In each and every stage of its formulation till its final approval, it went through the scrutiny of technical experts and also the policy makers in the government. We are looking forward to the active participation, contribution and support from the government, private and civil society, and media equally in this respect. Dr. Shamsul Alam is Member (Senior Secretary), General Economics Division, Bangladesh Planning Commission and coordinating  lead Author of Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 Job Opportunities Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 - Bangladesh Bangladesh delta plan 2100. Let's connect This holistic, adaptive, comprehensive, multi-annual plan was based on the vision to achieve safe, climate resilient and prosperous Delta by the year 2100. It acknowledges the challenges for Bangladesh the upcoming decades, but also shows that water provides opportunities: to invest, to learn and to grow economic and social opportunities. At present, the Netherlands’ contribution to the implementation of BDP2100 focuses primarily on knowledge cooperation (capacity building) and financial engineering, aiming for meaningful interventions with impact ‘on the ground’. We work together with various stakeholders, such as the National Government of Bangladesh, Local Governments, International Financial Institutions, NGOs, private sector, civil society, farmers’ organizations and  local Water Boards. For more information on this topic, contact the embassy Share on Facebook Share on LinkedIn মন্ত্রণালয়/বিভাগ পরিচিতি ইতিহাস ও কার্যাবলি মিশন ও ভিশন প্রাক্তন মন্ত্রীগণের তালিকা প্রাক্তন সচিবগণের তালিকা সাংগঠনিক কাঠামো এলোকেশন অব বিজনেস সাফল্য ও অর্জন পরিকল্পনা বিভাগ কার্যক্রম বিভাগ কৃষি, পানি সম্পদ ও পল্লী প্রতিষ্ঠান বিভাগ ভৌত অবকাঠামো বিভাগ শিল্প ও শক্তি বিভাগ আর্থ-সামাজিক অবকাঠামো বিভাগ সাধারণ অর্থনীতি বিভাগ তথ্য প্রদানকারী কর্মকর্তা অভিযোগ নিষ্পত্তিকারী কর্মকর্তা আপিল কর্মকর্তা ফোকাল পয়েন্ট কর্মকর্তাগণ মন্ত্রণালয়/বিভাগের সেবাসমূহ সেবা প্রদান প্রতিশ্রুতি নাগরিক ই-সেবাসমূহের তালিকা অন্যান্য সেবার তালিকা মন্ত্রণালয়/বিভাগের কমিটিসমূহ মাননীয় প্রধানমন্ত্রী এবং মাননীয় মন্ত্রীর সভাপতিত্বে মন্ত্রণালয়/বিভাগ সম্পর্কিত কমিটিসমূহ ফটো গ্যালারি ভিডিও গ্যালারি প্রয়োজনীয় ফর্মসমূহ পরিকল্পনা বিভাগ ও পরিকল্পনা কমিশনে ওয়াইফাই ব্যবহারের জন্য রেজিস্ট্রেশন ফরম সামাজিক বিজ্ঞান গবেষণা নীতিমালা এবং কর্মকৌশল-২০২২ ওয়েবসাইটে কর্মকর্তাদের তথ্য হালনাগাদ এবং অনলাইন নথি ব্যবস্থাপনায় ইউজার আইডি খোলার ফরম হার্ডওয়্যার এবং ইন্টারনেট সমস্যা সংক্রান্ত লগসিট ই-সার্ভিস (ই-নথি, ই-মেইল, ওয়েবসাইট) সমস্যা সংক্রান্ত লগসিট বৈদেশিক শিক্ষা সফর/সেমিনার/ওয়ার্কশপ/কনফারেন্স/প্রশিক্ষণ শেষে প্রতিবেদন দাখিল ফর্ম ১ম শ্রেনীর কর্মকর্তাদের তথ্য প্রদান বিষয়ক ডাটা সিট ২য় শ্রেনীর কর্মকর্তাদের তথ্য প্রদান বিষয়ক ডাটা সিট উদ্ধাবন প্রকল্প ছক গাড়ী অধিযাচন ফরম প্রকল্প পরিদর্শন/পরিবীক্ষণ প্রতিবেদন সরকারি কর্মচারী কর্তৃক জমি, বাড়ি, ফ্ল্যাট, সম্পত্তি ক্রয় এবং অর্জনের অনুমতির জন্য আবেদনপত্র ৪র্থ শ্রেনীর কর্মচারীদের সেবা প্রদান সংক্রান্ত সংশ্লিষ্ট ফরমসমূহ সরকারি খাতে উন্নয়ন প্রকল্প সংক্রান্ত পরিপত্র গোপনীয় অনুবেদন ফরম সংক্রান্ত অনুশাসনমালা, ২০১২ সরকারি অ্যাপস ডাউনলোড অভ্যন্তরীণ ফরমসমূহ কনটেন্টটি শেয়ার করতে ক্লিক করুন National Portal Bangladesh পোর্টাল সাবস্ক্রাইব করুন Share with : বাংলাদেশ ব-দ্বীপ পরিকল্পনা ২১০০ ব্যবহারের শর্তাবলি ফেসবুক পেইজ মোবাইল অ্যাপস পরিকল্পনা ও বাস্তবায়নে:  মন্ত্রিপরিষদ বিভাগ ,  এটুআই ,  বিসিসি ,  ডিওআইসিটি  ও  বেসিস । কারিগরি সহায়তায়: Environment Middle East Entertainment September 19, 2024 Business & Economy Bangladesh approves delta plan 2100 for sustainable water management. The government has cleared the Delta Plan 2100 as a long-term strategy to prevent floods and soil erosion, manage rivers and wastes, and supply water throughout the century. Staff Correspondent bdnews24.com Published : 04 Sep 2018, 11:18 PM Updated : 04 Sep 2018, 11:18 PM The government will initially take 80 projects to implement at six ‘hotspots’ by 2030 at an estimated cost of $37.5 billion in the first phase of the plan. The National Economic Council endorsed the plan in a meeting chaired by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on Tuesday. The initial projects will include 65 for infrastructure development and the rest for developing organisational capabilities, skills and research, according to Planning Minister AHM Mustafa Kamal. The projects are expected to add 1.5 percentage points to the annual growth of Bangladesh’s economy by 2030. “This is the first time Bangladesh has taken such a long-term plan,” the minister told reporters after the meeting. The large projects like capital dredging of the Padma River under the plan may not end by 2030, according to him. “Project implementation will continue until 2100. Funding will be regularly allocated for these projects,” he said. The government is calling ‘hotspots’ the places that have been prioritised in the plan, according to Prof Shamsul Alam, a member of the Planning Commission’s General Economics Division. The six hotspots are the coastal areas, Varendra or Barind and drought-prone areas, Haor or backswamps and flood-prone areas, hilly areas, river and estuaries region and urban areas.       Water scarcity is the main problem in the Barind and drought-prone region. The water table in this region has dropped to 70,000 to 80,000 feet under the surface, according to Prof Alam. The government is taking measures to reserve rainwater in the region for irrigation and other uses under the Delta Plan 2100, he said. Sanitation and shortage of drinking water are the problems in the Haor areas, where the government will dredge rivers to reserve rainwater as well as prevent flash floods, according to Prof Alam. The plan also includes work to prevent salinity, and cyclone and other natural disasters, Minister Kamal said. Bangladesh will need around 2.5 percent of its GDP every year to implement the plan. It will need $29.6 billion annually for implementation until 2031. The Netherlands, which reclaimed 6,000 square kilometres of land after implementing its own delta management plan, is helping Bangladesh execute Delta Plan 2100, the minister said. Bangladesh, one of the countries vulnerable to climate change effects, initiated the plan three years ago and made it with around Tk 475 million Dutch aid. 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Bangladesh’s flood response turns crisis into cooperation Farooq Sheikh A letter to the student leaders in the interim govt Bangladesh 2.0 – A path for principled, pragmatic governance Md Didarul Islam Key reforms needed in public universities now 241 IMAGES Delta Plan 2100 Enactment: Key to Sustainable Development (PDF) Delta Plan 2100 reflects government’s farsightedness (PDF) Planning Today for Delta Management of the Future: Towards A Delta Plan-2100 Aims to Secure Sustainable Bangladesh Why Bangladesh's Delta Plan 2100 Matters A Review of Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 VIDEO Delta Force: Hawk Ops Delta Plan Delta Plan Delta Plan Delta Plan COMMENTS Delta Plan 2100 Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP) 2100 was approved by the National Economic Council (NEC) chaired by Sheikh Hasina, the Hon'ble Prime Minister of Bangladesh on the 4th of September 2018. "A 100 year visionary plan, Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 - an important step towards fulfilling the commitment of achieving a safe, resilient and prosperous ... Implementing Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100: Key to boost economic growth It will increase trade and navigational opportunities and strengthen food security. The Delta Plan will also help reduce urban migration by about 60%, coastal zone out-migration by 50%, and river area out-migration by 50%. Implementing Change. Delivering the BDP 2100 will require a combination of public and private funding from various sources. Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100: Implementation ... Bangladesh Government has approved Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 (BDP 2100) on September 04, 2018 with the aspiration of achieving 'safe, climate resilient and prosperous Delta' by 2100. In other words, 'BDP 2100 is the plan for moving Bangladesh forward towards the end of 21st Century. Efforts have been made to formulate BDP 2100 exactly in ... Bangladesh Delta Plan: Anatomy of a Long-Term Development Strategy 1 Introduction. The Government of Bangladesh has devised a long-term plan in 2017 titled 'The Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100' what it dubbed as the plan for a safer, secured, resilient and prosperous country by the end of the century. It considers the approach of adaptive delta management (ADM) at the core of this comprehensive plan. The delta ... Delta Plan 2100 BDP 2100 Delta specific goals: Goal 1: Ensure safety from floods and climate change related disasters; Goal 2: Enhance water security and efficiency of water usages; Goal 3: Ensure sustainable and integrated river systems and estuaries management; Goal 4: Conserve and preserve wetlands and ecosystems and promote their wise use; Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP), 2100 Government of Bangladesh has approved the Delta Plan 2100 on September 4, 2018 to secure the future of water resources and mitigate the likely effects of climate change and natural disasters. The Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP) 2100 is a broad-based long-term vision about the likely changes and necessary intervention to make the Bangladesh Delta a ... Bangladesh's Delta Plan 2100 offers major opportunity for climate Millions of livelihoods in Bangladesh's vast delta region are at risk from climate change impacts this century: the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 aims to tackle these risks head on and turn them into opportunities for the region's people. Jubaer Rashid of CDKN Asia describes the multi-institutional effort involved to bring the plan to reality. PDF Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100: Charting A Course For Sustainable Ocean People's Republic of Bangladesh-Multisector Approaches to Delta Management-Investment Plan for the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100-Volume 1: The Plan. The World Bank. Rahman, Md Munsur, Tuhin Ghosh, Mashfiqus Salehin, Amit Ghosh, Anisul Haque, Mohammed Abed Hossain, Shouvik Das, Somnath Hazra, and Nabiul Islam. 2020. PDF . People's Republic of Bangladesh Multisector Approaches to Delta Figure 4.3: Delta Plan Expenditures Modified with Reduced Finance Targets 42 Boxes Box 1.1: The Investment Plan as an Annex to the Delta Plan 2 ... Executive Summary The Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP) 2100 is a long-term, integrated, and holistic vision of water and land management throughout Bangladesh. It supports the country's long-term Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 (Abridged Version). Abstract. This Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100, approved by the National Economic Council, is conceived as a long term integrated and holistic plan that takes a long-term view with regard to the combined issue of water resources management and climate change within the context of national development. The mission expressed in the Plan is to create ... Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100: Long-Term Development Vision For Next Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 is a visionary step towards fulfilling the commitment of achieving a safe, resilient, and prosperous Bangladesh, and it would ensure an optimistic future for the next generations. The potential of deltaic Bangladesh even faced the long-term challenges of climate change impacts and natural disasters. Supporting Bangladesh's Delta Plan through strategic partnerships Starting in 2017, the World Bank has been broadening its engagement in the water sector in the country and, in recent years, has strongly supported the government's ambitious Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 (BDP 2100). The BDP 2100, a flagship national plan, aims to eliminate extreme poverty, help Bangladesh achieve upper-middle income status by ... A 100 year climate resilient delta plan for Bangladesh Since 2009, processes have been underway in Bangladesh to formulate long-term strategic plans to chart out the country's development pathway. Of these, the longest envisioned plan is the Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP), which sets the target of achieving a safe, climate resilient and prosperous delta by 2100. On 26 th and 27 th of May 2022, the ... PDF Operationalisation of the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 Goal today. Strategy development in the BDP2100 (formal, green slides of BPD2100 formulation process) Implementation: Present a need, a challenge and an opportunity (blue [deltacap project], white slides [self]) -> discuss implementation needs, challenges and opportunities with you (for the Netherlands and Bangladesh) BDP 2100 approach to long term goals: The Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP) 2100 is a long term integrated techno-economic mega plan that integrates all delta-related sector plans and policies, enveloping a Delta Vision and strategies that make it possible to integrate sector plans and policies for the long term and to present actionable interventions with a roadmap for realization. Delta Plan 2100 SIBDP Overview. The 'Support to Implementation of Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 (SIBDP 2100)' project began from October 2018, intending to support the implementation of the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 (BDP 2100). The main tasks of the SIBDP 2100 project are: i) establishment of necessary institutional setup of SIBDP, ii) ensure capacity ... Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100: Implementation ... Bangladesh Government has approved Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 (BDP 2100) on September 04, 2018 with the aspiration of achieving 'safe, climate resilient and prosperous Delta' by 2100. In other words, 'BDP 2100 is the plan for moving Bangladesh forward towards the end of 21st Century. Efforts have been made to formulate BDP 2100 exactly in the ... PDF Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP) 2100 Bangladesh Delta Features. Built on the confluence of 3 mighty Rivers- the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Meghna; Largest dynamic delta of the world; Around 700 Rivers: 57 Trans-boundary. (54 with India and 3 with Myanmar); 93% catchment area lies outside Bangladesh with annual sediment load of 1.0 to 1.4 billion tonnes; Delta Plan 2100 Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 English. BDP 2100 Baseline Study Report. Water Resources Management Part _A. Water Resources Management Part _B. Disaster and Environmental Management Part _A. Disaster and Environmental Management Part _A. Landuse and Infrastructure Development Part _A. Landuse and Infrastructure Development Part_B. Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 This holistic, adaptive, comprehensive, multi-annual plan was based on the vision to achieve safe, climate resilient and prosperous Delta by the year 2100. It acknowledges the challenges for Bangladesh the upcoming decades, but also shows that water provides opportunities: to invest, to learn and to grow economic and social opportunities. At ... Bangladesh-Delta-Plan-2100 বাংলাদেশ ব-দ্বীপ পরিকল্পনা ২১০০. BDP 2100 Volume 1 Strategy.pdf BDP 2100 Volume 2 Investment Plan Cover Page, Message, Executive Summary, Table of Contents (1).pdf BDP 2100 Volume 2 Investment Plan Part 1 The Plan.pdf BDP 2100 Volume 2 Investment Plan Part 2 Appendices A-H.pdf BDP 2100 ... Delta Plan 2100 Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 Knowledge portal. Building capacity of the GED and other ministries, divisions, and agencies on issues pertaining to the implementation of BDP 2100 is crucial in order to create awareness of mid-level and local level decision-makers and stakeholders on Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100, as well as to achieve the expected outputs and outcomes. Bangladesh approves Delta Plan 2100 for sustainable water management Bangladesh will need around 2.5 percent of its GDP every year to implement the plan. It will need $29.6 billion annually for implementation until 2031. The Netherlands, which reclaimed 6,000 ... assignment essay homework paper phd report resume review thesis