how to address a cover letter to a woman

The 3 Rules of Addressing Your Cover Letter in 2023

You’ve finally sat down to write that cover letter (good for you!), but immediately you run into a roadblock: How do you even start the darn thing? Who do you address it to? Should you use Mr. or Ms.? Do you include a first name? And what if you’ve searched high and low, but can’t find the hiring manager’s name? 

Don’t fret! Follow these three rules for cover letter salutation salvation.

Rule #1: Address your cover letter to the hiring manager using a formal, full-name salutation (if possible).

For a cover letter, you should always default to addressing it to the hiring manager for the position you’re applying to. Unless you know for sure that the culture of the company is more casual, use the hiring manager’s first and last name. You can include a title, such as “Mr.” or “Ms.” (never Mrs. or Miss). But if you aren’t crystal clear on whether to use “Mr.” or “Ms.” and can’t find their pronouns with a little Google and social media searching (and you don’t have an easy way out with a “Dr.”), just drop the title. Omitting it is infinitely better than accidentally misgendering someone .

Most letters I see still use the “Dear” greeting, though I’ve seen a growing trend of people dropping it and starting with “Hello” or just the name. Any of these works. The most important part is having the actual name . Never use “ To Whom it May Concern ” or “Dear or Sir or Madam”—nothing could be more generic (not to mention archaic). Your cover letter could be the first opportunity you have to make an impression on the hiring manager, so make sure you show that you did your research .

For example, you can address your cover letter by saying:

• Dear Ms. Jacklyn O’Connell,
• Hello Mr. Kevin Chen,
• Dear Niko Adamos,
• Hello Jean Butler,
• Tiana Richards,

Rule #2: If you don’t know the hiring manager, guess.

Sometimes, even after hours of online searching ( try these tips ), you still might not be able to definitively figure out who exactly the hiring manager for the position you’re applying for is—and that’s OK.

If you can only find a list of the company’s executive team, use the head of the department for the position you’re applying for. In the end, no one will fault you for addressing the letter higher up than necessary. This approach is definitely better than not using a name in your cover letter, because it still shows the time and effort you took to find out who the department head is.

Rule #3: Be as specific as possible.

So you’ve done your due diligence and after an exhaustive search—nothing. You just can’t find a single name to address your cover letter to. If that’s the case, don’t worry. The company is likely privately held with no reason to share who its employees are—and, more importantly, is aware of this.

If this is the case and you don’t have a name to use, try to still be as specific as possible in your greeting. Consider using “Senior Analyst Hiring Manager” or “Research Manager Search Committee”—something that shows that you’ve written this letter with a particular audience in mind and aren’t just sending the same generic letter for every job opening.

For example:

• Dear Software Developer Search Committee,
• Hello XYZ Co Marketing Team,
• Dear Junior Accountant Hiring Manager,

Ultimately, you want your cover letter to convey your interest in the position. To start off on the right note, make your salutation as specific as possible—ideally with the name of the hiring manager. Of course, that can’t always happen, but as long as the effort is clearly made, you’ll be showing whoever reads your cover letter that you’ve put time into your application and are truly excited about the opportunity. 

Regina Borsellino contributed writing, reporting, and/or advice to this article.

How to Address a Woman in a Cover Letter

Have you ever wondered how to address a woman in a cover letter if you’re unsure of her marital status? Should you include her maiden name or suffix? Should you be formal or informal?

Addressing women properly is a common challenge even for experienced writers. A cover letter is a formal business communication, which means that it is more appropriate to use formal salutations.

Writing a cover letter can be testing. Not only does it need to stand out among the other applicants, but you must sound professional and address your potential employer by their gender. But how do you know what the right way is to address women?

In this article, we’re going to discover how to address a cover letter to a woman, and take a closer look at some general dear sir or madam cover letter tips.

How to Address a Cover Letter to a Woman: Ms.

When you’re unsure on how to address a woman in a cover letter, you can always rely on the trusty ‘’Ms.’’ title, followed by the hiring manager’s surname. This is the safe option as it allows you to avoid the mistake of incorrectly referring to her as ‘’Miss’’ or ‘’Mrs.’’ Trust us, referring to an unmarried woman as Mrs. or vice versa does not end well.

How to Address a Cover Letter to a Woman: Miss

Miss refers to a woman who isn’t married. If you’re going to use this title, ensure you do your research on the job posting itself and see if this title is listed anywhere. If you can’t find her title, try the company’s website and look on the ‘our team’ page to see if she’s listed there. If she isn’t? Well, go back to the safe option and use ‘’Ms.’’

How to Address a Cover Letter to a Woman: Mrs.

Finally, we have the all-famous Mrs. followed by her last name. Again, check out the job advertisement to ensure this is what she is referred to. If you don’t already know, Mrs. refers to a woman who is married or has kept her maiden name. Do your research, and if you’re still unsure, use ‘’Ms.’’

How to Address a Cover Letter to a Woman: First Name

You may find that on some occasions, you’re going to need to contact the employer before you send your cover letter. Once you have made that initial point of contact, the hiring manager may tell you to call her by her first name. If you do experience this, you can go ahead and address her by her first name in your cover letter as well.

Dear Sir or Madam Cover Letters – General Tips

Tip #1 If You Don’t Know the Hiring Manager – Guess

You could research all day and still not find anything about the hiring manager – it simply doesn’t exist online. If this is the case, then try and find a list of executives that work for the company. For example, you can use the head of the department for the position in which you’re applying for. At the end of the day, nobody is going to blame you for addressing the letter to somebody higher up.

Tip #2 Use a Formal Full Name Salutation

Phrases like ‘‘To Whom it May Concern’’ and Dear Sir or Madam cover letters are so overused, and way too generic. Remember, this is your opportunity to make a great impression, so make sure you show the company you did your research and find the name of your hiring manager. You could even try picking up the phone and simply asking who is in charge of the job posting.

In addition to this, if you’re 100 % sure that the culture of the company is a bit more casual, you can go ahead and use phrases like ‘’Hello’’ or, ‘’Dear’’ followed up by the managers first and last name.

Tip #3: Try to be Specific

Extensive searches, hours wasted, and you still can’t find anything, not even a single name – don’t worry. In this case, the company knows what it’s doing in terms of keeping the post and its employees private.

In this scenario, try your best to still be as specific as possible. You can use the heads title, depending on what kind of role you have applied for. Things like ‘’Marketing Manager’’ or ‘’Sales Manager’’ should be enough, and will show that you have written your cover letter with a certain audience in mind.

Still not sure how to address a woman in a cover letter? Let our text robot do the work for you !

Karen Maristani

Karen invented writing, the airplane, and the internet. She was also the first person to reach the North Pole. She has flown to Mars and back in one day, and was enthusiastically greeted by Aliens. She has also worked as a copywriter and journalist for many years and has helped hundreds of people writing the perfect job application.

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How to Address a Cover Letter With Examples

Options for Addressing a Cover Letter

• Letter Without a Contact Person
• Non-Gender-Specific Names

What Title to Use

• Address an Email Cover Letter
• Review a Sample Cover Letter

Before You Send Your Letter

One of the trickiest parts of writing a cover letter comes at the very beginning. Much of the time, you won’t know exactly who will read your letter. How do you address your cover letter when you don’t have the contact person’s name and/or gender ?

First of all, try to find out the name of the contact person. Some employers will think poorly of an applicant who does not take the time to learn the hiring manager’s name. Also, take care not to assume that you know the gender of the recipient based on the name. Many names are gender-neutral, and some hiring managers may identify as a gender other than male or female.

It’s also possible that you’ll do your research and still be unable to figure out to whom you are addressing your letter. In that case, it's better to be safe and use a generic greeting . It's also acceptable to start a letter without a greeting and start with the first paragraph of your letter .

You have a lot of options when addressing your letter. Learn more about the possibilities before you make your choice.

How to Address a Cover Letter Without a Contact Person

There are a variety of general cover letter salutations you can use to address your letter. These general cover letter salutations do not require you to know the name of the hiring manager.

In a survey of more than 2,000 companies, Saddleback College found that employers preferred the following greetings:  

• Dear Sir/Madam (27%)
• To Whom It May Concern  (17%)
• Dear Human Resources Director (6%)
• Leave it blank (8%)

Do keep in mind that terms like "To Whom It May Concern" may seem dated, so the best options may be either to use "Dear Hiring Manager" or not to include a greeting at all. Simply start with the first paragraph of your letter.

How to Address a Cover Letter for a Non-Gender-Specific Name

If you do have a name but aren't sure of the person's gender, one option is to include both the first name and the last name in your salutation, without a title that reveals gender:

• Dear Sydney Doe
• Dear Taylor Smith
• Dear Jamie Brown

With these types of gender-ambiguous names,  LinkedIn  can be a helpful resource. Since many people include a photo with their profile, a simple search of the person's name and company within LinkedIn could potentially turn up the contact's photograph.

Again, you can also check the company website or call the company’s administrative assistant to get more information as well.

Even if you know the name and gender of the person to whom you are writing, think carefully about what title you will use in your salutation.

For example, if the person is a doctor or holds a Ph.D., you might want to address your letter to “Dr. Lastname” rather than “Ms. Lastname” or “Mr. Lastname.” Other titles might be “Prof.,” “Rev.,” or “Sgt.,” among others.

When you address a letter to a female employer, use the title “Ms.” unless you know for certain that she prefers another title (such as “Miss” or “Mrs.”).

“Ms.” is a general title that does not denote marital status, so it works for any female employer.

How to Address an Email Cover Letter

Hiring managers get a lot of emails each day. Make it easy for them to scan your email and follow up by including a clear subject line and a signature with your contact information. It's important to address the email cover letter correctly, including the name of the person hiring for the position if you have a contact, to ensure that your letter gets noticed.

Subject Line of Email Message

Never leave the subject line blank. There is a good chance that if a hiring manager receives an email with no subject line, they’ll delete it without even bothering to open it, or it could end up in their spam mailbox. Instead, write a clear subject indicating your intentions.

List the job you are applying for in the  subject line of your email message , so the employer knows what job you are interested in. They may be hiring for multiple positions, and you will want them to identify the position you’re interested in easily.

How to Address the Contact Person

There are a variety of  cover letter salutations  you can use to address your email message. If you have a contact person at the company, address the letter to Ms. or Mr. Lastname. If you aren’t given a contact person, check to see if you can  determine the email recipient's name .

If you can’t find a contact person at the company, you can either leave off the salutation from your cover letter and  start with the first paragraph  of your letter or use a  general salutation .

How to Format the Salutation

Once you have chosen a salutation, follow it with a colon or comma, a space, and then start the first paragraph of your letter. For example:

Dear Hiring Manager:

First paragraph of the letter.

Body of Email Cover Letter

The body of your cover letter  lets the employer know what position you are applying for, and why the employer should select you for an interview. This is where you'll sell yourself as a candidate. Review the job posting and include examples of your attributes that closely match the ones they are looking for.

When you're sending an  email cover letter , it's important to follow the employer's instructions on how to submit your cover letter and resume.

Make sure that your email cover letters are as well-written as any other documents you send.

If you have attached your resume, mention this as part of your conclusion. Then finish your cover letter by thanking the employer for considering you for the position. Include information on how you will follow up. Include a closing, then list your name and your  email signature .

Your email signature should include your name, full address, phone number, email address, and  LinkedIn Profile URL  (if you have one) so it is easy for hiring managers to get in touch.

Firstname Lastname  Street Address  (optional) City, State Zip Code  Email  Phone  LinkedIn

Sample Cover Letter

This is a cover letter example. Download the cover letter template (compatible with Google Docs and Word Online) or see below for more examples.

Sample Cover Letter (Text Version)

Mary Garcia 12 Rogers Avenue Townville, New Hampshire 03060 555-555-5555 mary.garcia@email.com

February 17, 2021

Franklin Lee

CBI Industries 39 Main Street Townville, New Hampshire 03060

Dear Mr. Lee:

I was excited to see your ad for the operations assistant position in your Townville offices.

I have five years of experience as an operations assistant/associate. In my most recent role at ABC Corp., I fulfilled orders, resolved customer issues, ordered supplies, and prepared reports. In previous roles, I’ve done bookkeeping, data entry, and sales support. Basically, anything your department needs to run smoothly, I can do – and most likely, I already have experience doing it.

My other skills include:

• Strong communication skills, in person, in writing, and on the phone
• Excellent attention to detail and organization skills
• Top-notch customer service
• Experience in the industry and passion for the product
• Adept at all the usual professional software, including Microsoft Office Suite

I’ve included my resume for your review. Please contact me if you have questions or would like to schedule an interview. Thank you for your consideration.

Signature (hard copy letter)

Mary Garcia

Review Cover Letter Samples: It’s hard to write cover letters from scratch. To make life easier – and to make sure you don’t forget any of those pesky formatting rules —start by reviewing cover letter samples . Sending an email version instead? Look at a few examples of email cover letters to get started.

Customize Your Cover Letter: Why personalize your cover letter every time you apply for a job? Because even similar job titles have different requirements. The goal of a cover letter is to show the hiring manager that you’re the best candidate for this particular job. Customizing your cover letter will help you emphasize your skills and experience and how they fit with the job requirements .

Spell-Check Names: Before sending your cover letter, make absolutely sure that you have spelled the hiring manager’s name correctly. That is the kind of small error that can cost you a job interview.

Carefully Proofread Your Letter: Whether you're sending an email or uploading or attaching a printable cover letter, it's important to make sure that your cover letter and resume are written as well as any other business correspondence. If you can, have a friend proofread before you hit send, to pick up any typos or grammatical errors.

Saddleback College. " Your Resume is Your 1st Interview ," Page 14. Accessed Feb. 17, 2021.

What's The Best Way To Address A Cover Letter?

In This Guide:

How to address a cover letter without a name, how to enter detective mode & find the hiring manager’s name, what title to use in your cover letter greeting, how to address a cover letter for a non-gender-specific name, how to address a cover letter for a woman (with ms. or mrs.), how not to address a cover letter – common mistakes.

Should a cover letter have the same header as the candidate's resume?

No matter if you are a fresh graduate or you are on a move for a big career change, you will need a strong cover letter to enhance your chances of getting an interview and potentially a new job!

But have this in mind.

The biggest pet peeve for the recruiters is starting your cover letter with:

• Dear Sir or Madam
• To whom it may concern

OK, but how to address the cover letter then?

Short answer – be specific.

In the following article, you will learn:

• How to address a cover letter without having a name
• How to find the hiring manager’s name
• What title is appropriate for your cover letter
• Bad and good examples of addressing a cover letter

Let’s dive into it!

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We highly recommend that you try and find out the name of the contact person.

Most employers will be impressed that you have spent some extra time finding this information.

But if you are unable to find any info about the person you are about to address your cover letter  to, don’t worry.

Show that you’ve thoroughly read the job description by tailoring your resume to the specific job and company.

Ask yourself these questions:

• What company department is the job part of?
• Who will you be reporting to?

In the end, you can still use some of the following acceptable options:

• Dear Hiring manager
• Dear Finance Department
• Dear Company XYZ Recruiter
• To the Marketing Department
• Dear Head of Design
• Dear Company ABC Team
• Dear Customer Service Manager

As we mentioned, adding the name of your contact person will make your cover letter way better.

Follow our tips to avoid applying with a cover letter without a name  and significantly increase your chances of being spotted!

Addressing a specific person tells the recruiters that you’ve written the cover letter for this exact role.

Furthermore, it shows that you’ve taken the initiative to learn more about the company and its members.

There are 3 effective ways to find information about your future employer:

• Search the Company Website
• Contact the Company Directly
• Search LinkedIn

Searching the company’s website will provide you with valuable information about the cause and mission of the organization along with the team behind it.

For example, if you are about to write a cover letter for a vacant position at Enhancv, you should check the company tab in the footer of the website.

Now, you have an insight into who is working and how big is the team of your future company.

Moreover, you have a variety of names to continue your research with.

The next step is checking Enhancv in the world’s leading platform that connects professionals – LinkedIn.

Some of those names look familiar, aren’t they?

Clicking on each of the profiles will give you even more valuable information about company members and their roles.

As it’s clear from the image, Volen is one of the founders of Enhancv, and he will probably be part of the hiring process in some way.

But let’s say you are applying for the position of a content writer .

Then, Kaloyan is your focus contact, since he is responsible for the content production and management at the company.

This is how easy researching your content person is!

But how to proceed if your future employer is not part of LinkedIn?

Just contact the company directly. Explain that you’re applying for a job and would like to address your cover letter to the correct person. Alternatively, you can email the company.

In most circumstances, such as when you know your future employer well, it is appropriate to use “Dear”.

For other cases follow these tips:

• For people who you know well on a first-name basis, use their first name only. For a business associate or acquaintance, you should use their first name if you have met them more than once.
• For potential employers, it’s appropriate to use Mr., Ms., or Dr., and add the name afterward.
• If you are unsure of the appropriate greeting, use Mr./Ms./Dr. [last name] or Mr./Ms./Dr. [first name, last name] as the safest option

Do you know that nearly 1 percent of Americans (1 in every 109 to be precise) have a unisex name?

Parker, Blake, Taylor are all popular neutral gender names. And the list goes on…

Let’s imagine the following situation:

You researched the company’s website and LinkedIn profile but still don’t know who will be your contact person. Furthermore, you have contacted your future employer to ask directly.

The answer – your resume and cover letter will be reviewed by Taylor Smith.

How to avoid any mistakes if you are not sure whether your contact person is a man or a woman?

Address your cover resume with gender-neutral greetings:

• Dear Human Resources Manager
• Dear Hiring Manager

By doing that, you will be on the safe side.

There are 2 common ways to address a woman, depending on whether she’s single or married, and based on the information you have:

• Ms. – “Ms.” followed by her last name is appropriate if you are not sure if she is married or not. Moreover, this also applies if you are uncertain if she holds a specific title such as a doctorate.
• Mrs. – “Mrs.” followed by the woman’s last name is typically used for married women.

Note that, even if you know a woman is married, it is safer to use “Ms.” as opposed to “Mrs.,” as the latter may be offensive in some circumstances.

As we mentioned, the biggest mistake is starting your cover letter with “to whom it may concern”.

Since the goal of your cover letter is to impress the hiring manager and secure a job interview, personalizing the greeting is valuable.

Using “to whom it may concern” is outdated and creates the feeling that your cover letter is not created for the specific position.

The same goes for “Dear sir or madam”.

It also sounds out of place in the 21st century and we highly recommend avoiding it.

Always try to find a way to customize your greeting so that it addresses the specific person.

Should a cover letter have the same header as the candidate's resume?

Relying on our many years of experience, we can say that the best approach is matching the headers of your resume and cover letter.

Don’t forget that resumes and cover letters go hand in hand.

While it is acceptable for the header of your resume or cover letter to share more information than the other, the personal details shared between the two should be the same.

Even if your summary is quickly scannable, recruiters might struggle to make sense of all the data you’re sharing with them, especially if your resume is 2-3 pages long.

That’s why a cover letter is a valuable addition to it, as it is easier to read with all information structured into paragraphs.

Learn more about all similarities and differences between resumes and cover letters in our detailed guide here!

Now, you should feel well equipped to address your cover letter regardless if you know your contact person or not.

Let’s sum it all up:

• There are 3 effective ways to find information about your future employer – search the company website, check LinkedIn, and contact the company directly.
• Dear Head of Design and so on.
• All greetings above are applicable if you are not sure of the gender of your contact person too.
• There are two common greetings for women – Ms. and Mrs.
• You should always avoid using “To whom it may concern” and “Dear Sir or Madam”.
• Unification of your resume and cover letter header is preferable.

What did you think of this article? Is there anything that we missed? Share your thoughts in the comments!

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20 Examples Of How To Address a Cover Letter to an Unknown Recipient

Introduction.

Imagine sending out dozens of job applications, only to realize that you've been addressing your cover letters incorrectly. As it turns out, addressing a cover letter to an unknown recipient can be a tricky task. In this comprehensive guide, we'll provide strategies for finding the right name, using job titles as an alternative, formatting the letter, avoiding common mistakes, leveraging professional networking, and understanding the importance of personalization. By following our advice, you can increase your chances of landing that job interview and making a great first impression.

Finding the Right Name

Before you give up on finding the recipient's name, consider these research strategies:

Check the job post for a specific name. Sometimes, the name of the hiring manager or contact person is listed in the job posting. Read the post carefully to see if a name is mentioned.

Search the company website for a company directory or listing of key personnel. Many organizations have a "Meet Our Team" or "About Us" section that introduces their staff members. Look for someone with a relevant title, such as "Hiring Manager" or "Human Resources Director."

Call the company directly and ask for the appropriate contact person. If you're unable to find the name online, consider calling the company and asking for the name of the person responsible for hiring for the position you're applying for. This approach can be particularly effective for smaller organizations.

Utilize professional networking platforms like LinkedIn to find the recipient. LinkedIn is a powerful tool for job seekers. Try searching for employees at the company with relevant titles, then check their profiles for clues about their role in the hiring process. You can learn more about how to find the name of the hiring manager using LinkedIn in this helpful article.

Personalize your cover letter. Addressing your cover letter to a specific individual shows that you've done your homework and are genuinely interested in the position. This extra effort can make a big difference in how your application is perceived by the recipient.

Using a Job Title

If you're unable to find the recipient's name, consider using a job title or department head as an alternative:

Address the letter to the job title of the reader. For example, you might write "Dear Hiring Manager" or "Dear Human Resources Director." This approach is more specific and professional than using a generic greeting like "To Whom It May Concern."

Consider addressing the letter to the head of the department where you're applying to work. If you know the department your job falls under, try addressing your cover letter to the department head, such as "Dear Marketing Director" or "Dear IT Manager."

Explain why using a job title or department head can still demonstrate professionalism and personalization. Although it's not as ideal as using a specific name, addressing your letter to a relevant job title shows that you've put some thought into your application and have a clear understanding of the company's structure.

Provide examples of different job titles to use as salutations. You can find a list of different job titles to use as salutations in this resource.

Discuss the potential impact of using job titles on the success of the job application. While using a job title may not guarantee success, it can increase your chances of making a favorable impression. A personalized salutation indicates that you're genuinely interested in the position and have taken the time to research the company.

Formatting the Letter

When addressing a cover letter to an unknown recipient, follow these formatting tips:

Always use "Dear" to start the address. This is a professional and respectful way to begin a cover letter.

Use a gender-neutral title (such as Ms.) if the recipient's gender is unknown. If you're unsure of the recipient's gender, it's better to use a neutral title like "Ms." rather than making assumptions.

For non-gender-specific names, use the recipient's full name. If you can't determine the recipient's gender based on their name, address the letter using their full name, such as "Dear Taylor Smith."

Maintain a professional tone even when the name is unknown. Even if you don't know the recipient's name, it's crucial to keep your language and tone professional throughout your cover letter.

Provide examples of well-formatted cover letter salutations.

While it's always best to try and find the name of the hiring manager or recruiter, there may be times when you just can't find that information. Don't let it deter you. Below are 20 examples of how you can address your cover letter when the recipient is unknown:

1. Dear Hiring Manager, 2. To the Recruitment Team, 3. Dear Human Resources Team, 4. Attention Hiring Committee, 5. Dear [Job Title] Hiring Team, 6. To the [Company Name] Team, 7. Dear [Company Name] Recruiter, 8. To Whom It May Concern, 9. Dear Hiring Authority, 10. Attention [Company Name] Hiring Professionals, 11. Dear Talent Acquisition Team, 12. Hello [Company Name] Selection Panel, 13. Dear Recruitment Advisor, 14. To the [Industry] Professionals at [Company Name], 15. Attention [Company Name] Talent Scouts, 16. Dear Hiring Advocate, 17. To the Selection Committee for [Job Title], 18. Dear [Company Name] Staffing Team, 19. Attention [Job Title] Recruitment Panel, 20. Dear [Company Name] Hiring Panel,

Remember, the goal is to be as respectful and professional as possible in your salutation. Even if you don't know the recipient's name, demonstrating courtesy in your greeting will set a positive tone for the rest of your cover letter.

Also, avoid overly casual greetings like 'Hello' or 'Hi there,' which might seem unprofessional, and stay clear of outdated phrases such as 'Dear Sir or Madam.' Instead, opt for more modern, inclusive alternatives. Be sure to follow your greeting with a comma or a colon, then leave a space before starting the body of your letter.

Avoiding Common Mistakes

When addressing a cover letter to an unknown recipient, it's essential to avoid these common mistakes:

Using generic greetings like "To Whom It May Concern." This phrase is outdated and impersonal, and using it can make your application seem generic and unprofessional. Instead, try to find a specific name or use a job title, as discussed in previous sections.

Using incorrect titles or making assumptions about the recipient's gender. Making assumptions about someone's gender or using an inappropriate title can potentially offend the recipient and hurt your chances of landing an interview. Stick to gender-neutral titles or use the recipient's full name when in doubt.

Addressing the letter to the wrong department or job title. Be sure to double-check that you're addressing your letter to the appropriate person or department. Sending your application to the wrong person can result in your application being overlooked or discarded.

Failing to proofread the cover letter for errors, even in the salutation. Typos and other errors can make a poor impression on the recipient. Be sure to proofread your entire cover letter, including the salutation, before submitting it.

Provide examples of mistakes that could hurt the applicant's chances of landing an interview. Some examples of common errors include misspelling the recipient's name, using an informal greeting (such as "Hey"), or addressing the letter to an unrelated department (e.g., "Dear Accounting Manager" when applying for a marketing position).

Utilizing Professional Networking

Leveraging your professional network can be an effective way to find the name of the recipient for your cover letter:

Use platforms like LinkedIn to research the company and its employees. As mentioned earlier, LinkedIn is a valuable resource for job seekers. You can use the platform to find employees with relevant titles, learn more about the company culture, and even discover mutual connections who might be able to provide an introduction or additional information.

Connect with current employees or alumni of the company. Networking with people who work at the company or have worked there in the past can give you valuable insights into the hiring process and help you identify the appropriate contact person for your cover letter.

Search for the appropriate contact person within your professional network. Use your connections to find people who work at the company you're applying to, and ask if they know who the hiring manager for your desired position is.

Networking can help job seekers get noticed by potential employers. Building relationships with people at the company can increase your chances of getting noticed and potentially even lead to a referral. Learn more about how networking can help job seekers get noticed by potential employers in this article.

Offer examples of successful job seekers who found the recipient's name through networking. For instance, this cover letter that landed a job seeker a role at LinkedIn is a great example of how personalizing your cover letter and leveraging your network can help you stand out.

Importance of Personalization

Personalizing your cover letter can make a significant difference in the success of your job application:

Discuss the impact of personalization on the reader's impression of the applicant. A personalized cover letter demonstrates that you've done your research and are genuinely interested in the position, which can make a positive impression on the recipient.

Provide statistics on the success rate of personalized cover letters compared to generic ones. According to resume statistics , candidates with typos in their cover letters or resumes are 58% more likely to be dismissed, while those who do not include specific employment dates are 27% more likely to be dismissed.

Offer expert opinions on the importance of addressing cover letters to specific individuals. Many career experts agree that addressing cover letters to specific individuals can increase your chances of landing an interview.

Explain how personalization demonstrates research skills and genuine interest in the company. Taking the time to research the recipient and tailor your cover letter to the specific position and company shows that you're not only a thorough and detail-oriented candidate, but also genuinely interested in the opportunity.

Share anecdotes of successful job seekers who personalized their cover letters and landed interviews. For example, one job seeker found the recipient's name through LinkedIn and personalized his cover letter , which helped him land an interview and ultimately secure the position.

Conclusion and Final Thoughts

In summary, addressing a cover letter to an unknown recipient can be challenging, but by following our tips and strategies, you can make a strong impression on potential employers. Remember to:

• Research the recipient's name or use a relevant job title.
• Personalize your cover letter to demonstrate genuine interest in the position.
• Maintain a professional tone and formatting throughout your cover letter.
• Avoid common mistakes that can hurt your chances of landing an interview.
• Leverage your professional network to find the appropriate contact person.

By applying these tips to your job search, you'll increase your chances of success and make a lasting impression on potential employers. Good luck with your job applications!

How to Address a Cover Letter in 2024

Yes, how you address your cover letter matters.

After all, this is the first thing the recruiter reads when going through your cover letter, and yes, there is a right and wrong way to do it.

In this article, we’re going to teach you how to address your cover letter in such a way that you leave a positive impression on any recruiter!

• How to address a cover letter to a recruiter? (Casual or formal)
• What title to use when addressing the hiring manager
• How to address a cover letter without a contact person/to a company
• How to address a cover letter without an address
• How to address a cover letter in an email

How to Address a Cover Letter To a Recruiter (Casual or Formal)?

As we already mentioned, the way you address your cover letter is important because it is the very first thing recruiters see upon opening your cover letter. 

A well-formulated cover letter address means that you care enough to research the company (i.e. to find the hiring manager’s name and title) and that you show attention to detail. 

As such, you should always put some research into who you’re addressing your cover letter to and do so in a formal way.  

And yes, the formal part is important too. The recruiter isn’t your best friend - you want to maintain a sense of professionalism.

If this is how you address the recruiter in your cover letter:

• What’s up Hiring Manager
• Hi there Hiring Team

Then you say goodbye to the job.

Now, you’re probably wondering, how can I find out whom to address my cover letter to?

That’s what we’re about to teach you:

Who Am I Addressing My Cover Letter To?

Here are some tricks to find the full name of the hiring manager: 

• Check the job listing. The job listing may have information about the recruiter or the department doing the hiring. Make sure to read through the entire job listing, as it might not be at an entirely obvious place.
• Check the company website. Some websites feature the names of the hiring managers or heads of departments that may go through your cover letter. Alternatively, LinkedIn is another place where you can look for this information.
• Check the company’s LinkedIn. You can look up who works in the company you’re applying for on their LinkedIn page.
• Ask around. Do you have friends that work for the company? They could provide you with valuable inside info.

To avoid making a bad impression, head over to our guide on cover letter mistakes to learn about what NOT to do when writing your cover letter.  

Addressing a Cover Letter With a Name

By now, you have probably found the hiring manager’s full name and gender. With this information available, it’s best to address the hiring manager formally, as follows: 

• Dear Mr. Brown,
• Dear Miss Fitzpatrick,
• Dear Mrs. Lockhart,
• Dear Ms. Walters,

If, for some reason, you are unsure about the person’s title, gender, marital status, or preferred pronouns, just address them using their entire name to avoid any mistakes. For example:

• Dear Alex Brown, 
• Dear Blair Fitzpatrick,
• Dear Jesse Lockhart,
• Dear Madison Walters,

Addressing someone with a title 

Now, if you found out that the hiring manager has a professional or academic title, then it’s more appropriate to address them using that title. If, for example, the hiring manager has a Ph.D., then it’s more respectful to address them as “Dr. Last Name,” instead of “Mr. Last Name.”  

Here are some professional titles and how they’re abbreviated: 

• A professor is Prof. 
• A reverend is Rev. 
• A sergeant is Sgt. 
• Honorable is Hon. 

If, however, you are uncertain about how a title is abbreviated, then avoid it altogether. 

Here are a few examples to give you an idea: 

• Dear Prof. Welsch,
• Dear Director Smith,
• Dear Rev. Owen,

Dear Dr. Leonard,

When addressing women and you don’t know their marital status, always go with Ms., because it doesn’t comment on marital status. Some women prefer not to be addressed with Miss or Mrs. even when they’re married, so sticking with Ms. is the best choice. 

Want to learn more cover letter tips ? Our guide has all you need to ace your cover letter!  

How to Address a Cover Letter Without a Contact Person

It might happen that, no matter how hard you search, you can’t find the name of the hiring manager or department head that will read your cover letter.

In that case, you can address your cover letter to the department, faculty, or the company.

• Dear Software Development Hiring Team,
• Dear Customer Service Department Hiring Team,
• Dear Head of the Literature Faculty,
• Dear Director of Marketing,
• Dear Human Resources Recruitment Team,

Alternatively, if you don’t have enough information either about the department or the team, you can opt for addressing the cover letter directly to the company’s hiring staff, as follows: 

Dear [Company Name] Hiring Team 

Dear [Company Name] Recruiting Staff

If all else fails (meaning, you don’t know the name of the department head or even the exact department, in addition to the recruiter) then you can use one of the good, old-fashioned:

Dear Hiring Manager,

...but NOT the impersonal and way outdated “To whom it may concern” and “Dear Sir/Madam.” 

Starting a cover letter can be challenging. Our guide can show you how to start a cover letter that will get you results from the get-go. 

How to Format the Company’s Address

Before you reach the salutation, you have to make sure that the header with the recipient’s contact information is formatted correctly. 

It might not be the deciding point of whether you’ll secure an interview or not, but it will cost you points if it’s off. 

So, the first thing you want to do is add your name and surname on the upper left side of the cover letter. Underneath, you should write your professional title (if applicable), your email , and your phone number . 

Now, after you’ve also added the date, you should leave one more space and add the recipient’s contact information and, most importantly, the company’s address. 

It should look something like this on your cover letter: 

When You Can’t Find the Company’s Address 

Some companies might have several addresses listed (as per their branches, for example), or even none at all. 

Since an application that doesn’t have an address line could end up lost or misplaced, make sure you do one of the following before skipping the company’s address completely:

• Check all your resources, (pretty much like when you were looking for the hiring manager’s name) to find the company’s address. 
• Use the company’s headquarter address. This is sometimes easier to find, especially if the company has several branches. 
• Use the P.O. Box number for the company. This is not as specific as an actual address line, but if all else fails, it’s still something. 

Frequently, you’ll be asked to submit your job application (including your cover letter) electronically, or by email. In those cases, you can skip the address line altogether. 

Here’s how you’d go about addressing a cover letter in an email.

How to Address an Email Cover Letter

If you’re sending your job application through email, chances are you’ll need to format your cover letter in the body of the email, or as an attachment along with your resume.

First and foremost when you’re addressing a cover letter in an email is the subject line, which should be between 6-10 words long. 

Considering that hiring managers receive countless emails daily, you want to make sure that yours is a job application immediately. And the way to do that is straight through the subject line, which should indicate exactly the position you’re applying for and your name so that it’s easier to find through the recruiter’s swarmed mailbox. 

Here’ what we mean by that:

• Subject Line:   John Doe - Software Development Job Application 
• Subject Line: John Doe - Job Application for Marketing Manager Position   
• Subject Line: John Doe - Stock Manager Job Application 

Afterward, if you’re including your cover letter in the body of the email (as opposed to attaching it as a document), begin by using a salutation, add space, and start your letter. 

If someone referred you for the position, make sure to mention that in the subject line of your email as well as in your opening paragraph.  

So, let’s see how all the above plays out in practice: 

Subject Line: John Doe - Carl Jacob’s Referral for Software Developer

I was very glad that Mr. Jacobs, a long-time partner at your firm who also happens to be my mentor from college, referred me for the Software Developer position. 

Do you want your style, personality, and overall personal brand to shine through your application? With Novorésumé, you can match your cover letter with your resume to make a lasting impression! 

Key Takeaways 

And that’s all there is when it comes to addressing a cover letter! You should feel much more confident in doing so by now. 

Either way, let’s go over the main points we covered throughout the article: 

• Your cover letter address should be formal and well-researched. Don’t address the hiring manager with “hey,” “what’s up,” “hi there,” or even the old-fashioned “Dear Sir/Madam” and “To Whom It May Concern.”
• Always try to find the hiring manager’s full name and professional title through the company’s website, LinkedIn, by calling, or by asking someone who works there.
• If you know the hiring manager’s name, go with “Dear Mr./Miss Last Name,” but if you’re unsure about their gender, marital status, or preferred pronoun, just address them using their full name.
• If the recruiter has a professional or academic title, it’s more appropriate to address them using their title.
• If you can’t find the contact person’s name, then address the department, faculty, or company (i.e. Dear Microsoft Hiring Team , or Dear Software Development Recruitment Team ).

Related Readings: 

• Do I Need a Cover Letter in 2024
• Entry-Level Cover Letter
• Cover Letter for Internship
• How to Write a Cover Letter in 2024

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How To Address A Cover Letter (With Examples)

• Cover Letter Format
• Salutation and Greeting
• Who To Address When Unknown
• How To Start A Cover Letter
• How To End A Cover Letter
• Best Cover Letter Font And Size
• Cover Letter Spacing
• Cover Letter Length
• Key Elements Of A Cover Letter
• How To Write An Address
• Official Letter Format
• Cover Letter Opening

Find a Job You Really Want In

A cover letter is a great way for a hiring manager to get to know you a little better. Writing a great letter can help you land the interview. When sitting down to write a cover letter, you may be asking yourself how to address a cover letter correctly when you don’t know who the hiring manager is and how formal addressing a cover letter needs to be. Thankfully, addressing a cover letter is quite simple. Keep reading for details on how to address a cover letter with confidence. Key Takeaways: It’s important to do your research to figure out who you are writing to before sending your letter. Try remaining gender neutral if you don’t know the gender of who you are addressing. If the hiring manager or recruiter ’s name is not available online, then you can address the cover letter with a generic salutation such as “dear hiring manager”. In This Article    Skip to section How to Address a Cover Letter Examples of How To Address Someone in a Cover Letter Cover Letter Subject Lines How to Find the Hiring Manager’s Name Final Thoughts Sign Up For More Advice and Jobs Show More How to Address a Cover Letter

Research. The first step in addressing a cover letter is researching who the cover letter will be read by. One way to make a very good impression, especially with online applications, is taking the time to research who the hiring manager or recruiter is for the department you are applying for.

You can call the HR department at a company and ask for the hiring manager’s name to be used on a cover letter. If you were contacted by a recruiter on LinkedIn or another job hiring platform, you can confirm with the recruiter who the cover letter should be addressed to. Properly addressing the cover letter by having the correct name is the most important step.

Keep it formal and modern. Regardless of who’s receiving your cover letter, we recommend sticking with “Dear” as your greeting . It’s a timeless classic for a reason, and there’s really no need to risk your opener with something more daring.

Remain gender neutral. If you don’t know the gender of who you are addressing, its best to use gender-neutral identifiers. Even if a name might sound like a typical man or woman’s name, its best not to assume. Staying gender neutral is a great way to show respect and not get your cover letter thrown out right away.

Use the job title. If you aren’t sure what their name is, a great way to address them is to use their job title. It also shows your interest and that you did research before sending in your letter.

Examples of How To Address Someone in a Cover Letter

Professional title. How you address your cover letter is core to its format . To address a cover letter correctly, you will need to make sure you have an appropriate salutation paired with the correct title/honorific.

For example, if you are addressing a cover letter to a person with a medical degree or doctorate, you will need to write “Dr.” before their name. Not doing so is unprofessional.

Dear Dr. Keller Dear Dr. Michael Ward Dear Dr. Liz Sells

If you do not know the correct title of the person, do not put a title with the name. The same goes for people with other special titles, like Reverend.

Dear Rev. Bill Smith Dear Prof. Johnson Dear Lt. Saraceno Dear Principal Luzi

As you can see from the above examples, you can include the person’s full name or only their last name after their title. The choice is yours.

Mrs. vs. Ms. It is better to address women without the Mrs. title. The Mrs. title implies that the woman is married and since that information is not easy to come by, keep it safe and address the woman as Ms. Don’t ever use “Miss,” as it is seen as infantilizing.

Dear Ms. Keller Dear Ms. O’Brian Dear Ms. Sells

For males, keep to Mr. as the title. You don’t need to write “Master” or “Sir” when addressing your cover letter. Using alternative titles can seem old-fashioned and much too formal.

Unknown gender. If the hiring manager or recruiter’s name is gender-neutral, try looking the person up on LinkedIn to learn their gender. If they have a photo and a personal blurb, it should clear up any confusion.

Not everyone has an easily-findable picture online, though. In those situations, avoid using Mr. or Ms. in your salutation. Instead, write out the hiring manager’s full name:

Dear Sam Kenney Dear Alex O’Hanson Dear Jamie Tyrell

Unknown recipient. If the hiring manager or recruiter’s name is not available online , then you can address the cover letter with a generic salutation. Of course, this doesn’t mean you can write, “Hey you!” or “Dear hiring person,” but there are a few phrases you can use that are professional and fine to use.

If you do not know the recipient of the cover letter, you can use a more generic greeting or you can even go without a greeting. It is better to be safe than sorry for these greetings as they are a key part of your cover letter .

The more specific you can get, the better. It shows that you’ve done your research and aren’t just sending the same cover letter to hiring managers all over town.

Dear Hiring Manager Dear Talent Acquisition Team Dear [Company Name] Recruiter Dear Human Resources Manager Dear Human Resources Department Dear [Position Title] Hiring Team Dear [Position Title] Hiring Manager Dear [Position Title] Recruitment Team Dear [Position Title] Recruiter Dear [Department] Team Dear [Title of Person You’d Report To] Some people like to use “ Dear Sir or Madam ” as a generic greeting for a cover letter, but using that is a bit too formal for the United States. Using the greeting “ To Whom It May Concern ” is also too stuffy for most cover letters and will probably not match the rest of your writing style, making it seem awkward.

Cover Letter Subject Lines

All right, so you’ve got a perfectly-address, beautifully-written cover letter. Now it’s time to make sure the recipient actually opens up your email with a winning subject line. The ultimate goal is for the hiring manager or recruiter to know exactly what to expect when they open your email.

With that in mind, here are a few options for formatting your subject line:

[Position Title] Application – [Your Full Name] Application for [Position Title] Application for [Position Title] – [Your Full Name] [Position Title] Looking for New Role – [number of years] years experience Application for [Position Title] Position – referred by [Referral Name} Referred by [Referral Name] – [Position Title] Position

Never leave your subject line blank, or the recipient will probably delete it without ever opening it. It may even just go straight to their spam folder .

Additionally, we always recommend including the position title, because hiring managers and recruiters are often hiring for multiple open roles simultaneously.

How to Find the Hiring Manager’s Name

Since knowing the hiring manager’s name is 95% of the battle, let’s go through a step-by-step process of finding out your cover letter’s recipient:

Read the job posting. The obvious first step is to carefully review the job listing and see if a contact person is given. Or perhaps the email address they’ve told you to send your application documents is obviously a person’s name, like [email protected]. Even for less obvious ones, you can try Googling the email address and see what turns up.

The company website. Most company websites have an “About Us” and/or “Company Directory” page . Try to navigate to your department and see if you can find a hiring manager’s name.

Check professional networking sites. The company’s LinkedIn page might also have information about hiring managers for different roles. You can also search for “[company name] + recruiter” and see what turns up. You might not find exactly who you’re looking for, but a quick message might help direct you.

Targeted Google search. Searching for the company’s name, location, and the position title you’re applying for might turn up some information on the hiring manager.

Contact the company. If all else fails, you can always call or email the company (someone in human resources is a good idea) to ask for the hiring manager’s name. If you explain that you’re trying to address your cover letter correctly, they’ll most likely be happy to help.

Final Thoughts

When applying for jobs, making sure you have every detail perfect can be a nerve-wracking time. With the tight job market, you are probably applying to many jobs at the same time, but don’t let the volume of the applications lower your quality of applications.

Take the time to research who you should address your cover letter to — it can make a great first impression on recruiters and hiring managers.

Address the cover letter with the correct title or honorific, and when in doubt, go without. Address your cover letter with a title or honorific if you are not sure what to use.

Addressing the cover letter with class is a simple way to making a great first impression for recruiters and hiring managers.

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Heidi Cope is a former writer for the Zippia Career Advice blog. Her writing focused primarily on Zippia's suite of rankings and general career advice. After leaving Zippia, Heidi joined The Mighty as a writer and editor, among other positions. She received her BS from UNC Charlotte in German Studies.

Matt Warzel a President of a resume writing firm (MJW Careers, LLC) with 15+ years of recruitment, outplacement, career coaching and resume writing experience. Matt is also a Certified Professional Resume Writer (CPRW) and Certified Internet Recruiter (CIR) with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (Marketing Focus) from John Carroll University.

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Home » Business » How to Address a Woman in a Cover Letter? (With Examples)

How to Address a Woman in a Cover Letter? (With Examples)

One of the trickiest parts of writing a cover letter starts at the beginning, i.e., the cover letter greeting. Most of the time, you won’t know who you are addressing. Is it a man or a woman? How do you address a cover letter when you don’t know the contact name or gender? More importantly, how to address a woman in a cover letter?

Here’s how you start:

1. Find The Name

Try to find out the name of the contact person. Some employers think poorly of an applicant who does not take the time to search the company’s website and/or learn the name of the recruiter.

2. Don’t Assume Their Gender

If you do manage to find a name, be careful not to assume the gender of the recipient. Many people have gender-neutral names, and some hiring managers may identify as a gender other than male or female.

Challenges While Addressing A Woman In A Cover Letter

If you find out that the hiring manager is a female, you may face the challenge of how to address her correctly. How do you address a woman if you’re unsure of her marital status? What suffix should you use? Should you include her maiden name? These are common challenges that even professional writers face.

In this article, we’re going to learn how to address a cover letter to a woman, and take a look at some examples to get you started.

To get access to proven cover letters and resume templates for getting started fast, visit our Dream Catcher Course .

What Salutations Can You Use to Address a Woman?

The versatile “Ms.” title helps you avoid the mistake of incorrectly referring to a hiring manager as “Miss” or “Mrs.” When you’re unsure of the recipient’s marital status, this option is your best bet.

Miss refers to a woman who isn’t married. If you choose to use this title, make sure you are confident in your decision; and that you have done your research on the job posting.

One way to find a hiring manager’s professional title is by viewing the “our team” page on the company’s website. Is she listed there? Is her title used? If not, it’s best to go back to the safe “Ms.” option.

Next, we have the title of “Mrs.” followed by the hiring manager’s last name. As you would expect, Mrs. is the professional title used for a married woman.

Again, before you use this title, make sure you have searched the job ad or company website to ensure this is what she is referred to. You may spend all day and still not find the recipient’s title. If you’re still unsure, use “Ms.”

4. First Name

Addressing a hiring manager by their first name can be a risky first step. However, sometimes, you may need to contact the employer before you send your cover letter.

During your conversation, the hiring manager may tell you to call her by her first name. If this happens, you can go ahead and address her by her first name in your cover letter as well.

How to Address a Cover Letter to a Manager with a Non-Gender Specific Name

As discussed earlier, many people have gender-neutral names. If you find the hiring manager’s name but aren’t sure of their gender, the best way is to include both the first name and the last name in your salutation. Remember not to use a title that reveals gender.

Some examples you can use are:

• Dear Ashley Doe
• Dear Taylor Smith
• Dear Sasha Brown

While this is a useful tip, you may still want to include a title. With these types of non-gender-specific names, professional social media sites act as a helpful resource. Since many people add a photo to their profile, a simple search of a person’s full name and their associated company could help you determine the hiring manager’s gender.

You can also contact the company’s administrative assistant to get more information.

If you have extensively searched the company website and still can’t pinpoint the exact name, don’t fret. The company likely wants to keep its employee’s information private.

In this scenario, the best way to go about this is by using a job title. Since your letter is about a job application, you can use “Dear Hiring Manager.”

If no specific position title is available, you can address the letter to the department head. Sometimes generic salutations like “Dear Human Resources” or “Dear Sales Manager” will suffice, and show that you are addressing your letter to a specific audience.

To Whom It May Concern

Another generic greeting you can use is “To Whom It May Concern.” However, addressing your letter in such a vague manner isn’t a good look for someone genuinely interested in a job. Therefore, we suggest leaving this option as a last resort regarding how to address a woman in a cover letter.

Often, this salutation is suitable when you are addressing someone who does not have a personal relationship with you. This is because it prevents you from offending someone who might not like you using their first name. As a job applicant, it’s best to remain professional to ensure you make a good first impression on the recruiter.

Cover Letters – General Tips

Writing a cover letter can be challenging. Apart from standing out, you should sound professional, especially if there is a possibility that other business managers or executives will read your letter.

1. Include a Subject Line

Never leave the subject line blank. Not only does this look unprofessional, but there’s a high chance that your letter will end up in the hiring manager’s spam mailbox. Your subject line should clearly mention your intentions.

The company may also be hiring for multiple positions. Therefore, to let the employer know what job you’re looking for, you should list the job position in the subject line.

2. Keep it Professional

Even if you know the person you are greeting, it is good practice to keep the salutation professional. Using greetings like “Hi friend” or “Hey” will leave a negative first impression and might hurt your chances of getting the job.

Similarly, a generic greeting like Dear Sir or Ma’am is off-putting for most employers since it shows your lack of research on the company and its employees.

Also, make sure to include the correct punctuation immediately after the salutation. For a business salutation, it is recommended to use two line breaks or double-space between your salutation and the body of the letter.

3. Body of the Cover Letter

The body of your cover letter is the most important section. It lets the employer know what position you are applying for, and will determine whether you get selected for an interview. This is where you sell yourself as a candidate. Review the job description and mention attributes that closely match the ones they’re looking for.

In most cases, a good email cover letter is the first step to securing your dream job. Make sure that your email cover letters sound as professional as any other documents you send.

4. Conclusion

If you have attached your resume, mention this in your conclusion. Thank the employer for considering you for the position. Then finish your cover letter by including information on how they can follow up. Finally, list your name and your email signature.

5. Signature

Your email signature should include your full name, phone number, email address, and a professional social media profile URL. So it is easy for the hiring manager to contact you.

Before You Send Your Cover Letter

1. look up templates.

It’s hard to write cover letters from scratch. Lucky for you, there are tons of cover letter templates available for almost every job position. Start by reviewing these samples, and note down the formatting rules to ensure you send in a well-written email letter.

2. Customize Your Cover Letter

Sometimes, similar job listings have different requirements. The goal of a cover letter is to show the hiring manager that you’re the ideal candidate for the job. Customizing your cover letter will help you highlight your skills and how they match the job requirements.

3. Proofread It

Before you click on that send button, make sure that you have left no room for errors. If you can, have a friend proofread your cover letter and resume to pick up any typos or grammatical errors.

Cover Letter Sample

Still unsure of how to address a woman in your cover letter? Or what tips to use from this article? Don’t worry, we’ve included a cover letter sample to give you an idea about the dos and don’ts of business letter writing.

Shania Garcia 15 Edward Avenue Townsville, New Hampshire 03160 555-555-5555

May 16, 2022

APQ Industries 41 Main Street Townsville, New Hampshire 03160

Dear Ms. Doe:

I was excited to see your ad for the sales assistant position in your Townsville offices.

I have three years of experience as a sales assistant. In my most recent role at XYZ Corp., I have demonstrated numerous times that I am a result-oriented individual with exceptional customer service skills. In previous roles, I have coordinated daily store activities, worked on constant improvement of customer satisfaction, promoted new products, and developed and implemented sales expansion strategies.

My other skills include:

• Reducing unnecessary retail expenses by 12%
• Improving customer satisfaction with provided services by 15%
• Awarded the Employee of the Month for meeting all assigned goals
• Experience in the industry and passion for the product

Kindly find attached my resume for your review. Please contact me if you have questions or would like to schedule an interview. Thank you for your time and consideration; I look forward to hearing back from you.

Shania Garcia

A well-written cover letter won’t make a big impact without an effective resume. There are six important sections you should have in a particular order and formatting. We explain how to create an eye-catching resume that brings you interview invitations in our online job search and career master course .

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How to address a cover letter | with examples

The way you start your cover letter counts.

It’s the first thing a hiring manager sees when they open your application so you need to make them excited to peek into your CV .

In our guide, we’ll show you the ropes on how to address your cover letter, and even teach you how to find the recruiter or hiring manager’s name for maximum impact.

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Address the hiring manager or recruiter directly

Address the hiring manager or recruiter by name to start building a rapport with them.

Something simple like, “Hi Lucy” will do the trick.

According to recent research , simply seeing your own name can trigger a strong response in the brain. So, be sure to do this, to captivate the recruiter’s attention.

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How to find the recruiter or hiring manager’s name

You may be wondering, “How do I figure out their name?”

There are several ways to find out the name of the person handling the job opening, which we’ll look at below.

When you’re reading a job advert, you’ll sometimes find the name and email address of the person you need to get in touch with directly in the ad.

Look out for the section that says “For enquiries” or “Contact person”.

For example, the advert might say something like:

“For more info, please contact Susan Wright at [email protected].”

Usually, this person manages that job vacancy.

If you see this information, it’s your lucky day – job adverts are the simplest way to find the correct name.

Company website

If you can’t find the recruiter’s name on the job advert , and you’re applying for a job directly via a company, check out their website.

Keep an eye out for a “Who We Are” , “About Us” or “Our Team” section.

Here, you’ll usually be able to find the info about the people who work there, including the head of the department or hiring team connected to the position you’re applying for.

Look at the people’s profiles to get the one that fits your job’s department.

If you have trouble finding it directly, use the search bar on the company’s website and type in “Head of [Department Name]” or “HR Manager”.

You could also run a Google search for “[Company name] + team” for a quick way of finding an About Page for a particular team or department.

LinkedIn is one of the best ways to find a hiring manager or recruiter because millions of them are registered on the platform.

Firstly, ascertain the company that posted the position and the team it’s connected with from the information provided in the job advert.

When you know the department and organisation, head over to LinkedIn . Here, you can use the search bar to look for the company name, department or job title associated with the job opening.

Let’s say you’re applying for a marketing vacancy at Tesco. You can search for “Marketing Manager” in the search bar like this:

Once the search results appear, click the “People” filter button to narrow down your findings further so that you’re only seeing people (and not companies or groups).

Then make sure you choose your target company under “Current Company” – this ensures you only view people who are current employees.

You will need to type the name of the company into the text box like this:

Click on the name of the company you typed in. In this case, it’s “Tesco.”

Then hit the blue “Show results” button.

And examine the profiles that come up.

You’ll be able to find the person handling the job applications by looking for titles such as “recruitment manager” or “team leader” .

And once you view their profiles you may even be able to get hold of their phone number or email address.

Contact info

Here is how you can find a person’s email address via the contact details, if they have entered them.

Click on their profile then seek out the “Contact info” section.

This sits under their profile picture and headline.

If the user has made their contact info visible, you’ll see it here.

About section

Often, you can locate additional contact info, such as email addresses, in the “About” or “Summary” section of their profile.

To do this, scroll down to the user’s “About” section.

If the user has decided to include their email address, you’ll see it here.

If you can’t find an email, you can contact them directly through LinkedIn.

Here’s how you’d do this:

• Send a connection request – Send the person a connection request and a message. When they accept your request, you’ll be able to write an accompanying message.
• Use InMail – If this specific individual isn’t in your network, use the LinkedIn InMail. This is a premium feature which lets you send messages to LinkedIn members outside of your network – it’s useful but do. Of course, there is a fee to use this feature but it’s a useful tool.

What if you can’t find a name?

Don’t panic if you can’t find the name of the individual you’re trying to address. This will happen a lot during your job search .

In such cases, it’s absolutely fine to begin with a friendly “Hi.”

But don’t use expressions like “Dear Sir or Madam” – this sounds extremely outdated and aloof.

If you use the word “Hi”, this ensures your cover letter is more amicable and modern , even when you’re unsure of the person’s name.

This is a courteous and simple way to start if you have difficulty locating the specific hiring manager’s name.

How to write a cover letter email subject line

A recruiter’s inbox gets flooded with applications, so when you write your cover letter email , your initial goal is to entice them to read your email.

You must catch their attention with a compelling subject line and give a captivating reason for them to click on your message.

Avoid using generic subject lines, such as:

• “Check This Out” – Subject lines like this sound spammy, and hiring managers may ignore it.
• “Important” – Recruiters won’t know why your email is important – they might deem it clickbait.
• “CV Attached” – This subject line doesn’t offer any context or engage the recruiter in any way at all.
• “Hire Me” – This comes across as too blunt and provides no context.
• “I Need a Job” – This sounds too direct and may sound a little too desperate.
• “Looking for Work” – While you’re being upfront, this isn’t an engaging subject line.

Instead of including any of these generic subject lines, you must promote your selling points right off the bat.

For instance, use subject lines that highlight your skills and expertise in a concise, screen-friendly title.

Determine your main strengths as an applicant and invent a way to integrate them into your subject line.

You could say something like:

• “Veteran Graphic Designer with a Portfolio of Projects”
• “Registered Nurse with Intensive Care Unit Expertise”
• “Committed Secondary School Teacher with 10 Years’ Classroom Expertise”
• “Certified IT Professional with Experience in Network Security”

These subject lines are effective because they communicate key information and value to hiring managers clearly and concisely. Each tells the recruiter about your qualifications and expertise and is tailored to the specific job or field.

A recruiter is more likely to open an email from someone who can potentially meet their requirements.

A quick tip: Remember, subject lines have a limited amount of space – you’ll probably only be able to squeeze in between 30 and 35 characters.

How not to address a cover letter

When you’re addressing your cover letter , some things simply aren’t worth including. These old-fashioned or overly formal ways of starting a cover letter can make a negative first impression.

So, avoid the below phrases in your cover letter greeting:

• “Dear Sir or Madam” – This is far too old-fashioned and doesn’t show much effort. It’s also fairly impersonal.
• “What’s up, [Department Name]?” – This is excessively informal and will probably give hiring managers the wrong impression about you. It also doesn’t address the specific person.

Steer clear of these unimpressive ways to address your cover letter and plump for a more personal, engaging approach, like “Hi James” or “Hello Sarah”. Don’t forget, you need to get the perfect balance of friendliness and professionalism.

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How to Address a Cover Letter

In a competitive job market it is crucial to make the best first impression you can. Small things like the  cover letter salutation  can make a big difference. Nailing the  cover letter opening  conveys professionalism and adds that  personal touch .

It is always best to try and  find out the name of the hirer  on the company website, by calling the company receptionist, or by looking on LinkedIn. If the name is readily available and you don’t use it, the hirer will think that you’ve rushed and haven’t taken the time to get the  cover letter greeting  right.

However, it is not always possible to find out the contact person’s name. In these cases, it can be difficult to know how to  address an email cover letter  and if you get it wrong, the danger is that your carefully constructed  professional resume  may never be viewed. The good news is that there are options for  how to open a cover letter  and it is not complicated.

How to start a cover letter

Ideally, you should have the  right person’s name . It is generally best to use ‘Dear’ followed by either ‘Mr’ or ‘Ms’ (unless you specifically know that a woman prefers ‘Miss’ or ‘Mrs’).

If you’re  not sure of a person’s gender  because they have a name which could be both, use their full name and leave off the salutation. If you know that someone is a qualified professor or doctor you should use the appropriate  letter salutations .

Cover letter salutation examples:

• Dear Ms. Jenkins
• Dear Mr. Washington
• Dear Dr. Brown
• Dear Professor Simon
• Taylor White

How to address a cover letter without a contact name

Many job postings  don’t include a contact name  and even with a bit of investigating you can’t find out who the hiring manager is. Sometimes companies prefer the  hiring manager to be anonymous  for various reasons.

In these cases, you can use general salutations for  addressing your cover letter . Many choose the classic cover-letter  ‘To whom it may concern’ . This is absolutely fine though a little old-fashioned, consider the company image and think whether it’s suitable or not. Here are some other  general salutations  you can use :

• Dear Hiring Manager
• Dear Company Name
• Dear Sir or Madam
• Dear HR Manager

Tips for writing a polished cover letter

Main body of the cover letter.

How long should a cover letter be?  Your cover letter  should be concise . It should let the employer know what position you’re applying for and what your main strengths are. It should not be as detailed as your resume but should  focus on a few key points . Read this guide on  what not to put in a cover letter .

Identify the most important requirements in the job posting and focus on these. Make sure you  follow the employer’s instructions  to the letter and proofread your cover letter numerous times before sending it.

Cover letter ending

In the  final paragraph of the cover letter , let the employer know that you’ve attached your resume (assuming you have). Thank them for their time and for considering you for the position. You can finish with the  closing line ‘Yours Sincerely’ , followed by your email signature.

Email signature

If you’ve taken time to  write a resume  which grabs the attention of the employer and have written a  polished cover letter , you’ll hopefully get through to  the interview stage . It would be a tragedy if the employer didn’t know how to contact you, so make this clear in your email signature. Make sure you include the following:

• Address (including city, state, and zip code)
• Cell number

You can also include any  social media links , such as LinkedIn, if it helps your application.

Email subject line

This is one of the  most common mistakes  that candidate’s make  and it looks sloppy. The hiring manager receives so many emails that they might not open an untitled email. Write a  clear email subject line  which includes the position you’re applying for.

Lastly,  remember to attach your resume ! If you forget, the hirer may send a polite email telling you to resend it, or they may not bother. Many candidates use a  resume builder  to create attractive, professional-looking resumes which stand out.

Write your cover letter

Introduce yourself to the recruiters using one of our professional templates.

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How to Address a Woman in a Business Letter

Last Updated: June 26, 2024 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Michael R. Lewis . Michael R. Lewis is a retired corporate executive, entrepreneur, and investment advisor in Texas. He has over 40 years of experience in business and finance, including as a Vice President for Blue Cross Blue Shield of Texas. He has a BBA in Industrial Management from the University of Texas at Austin. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 501,334 times.

A business letter uses a formal tone, and has specific requirements for salutations -- greetings that specifically reference the intended reader. An improperly drafted business letter could offend a potential employer, client or partner and damage your business relationship as a result. When you address a woman in a business letter, you should always use any professional title she may have (such as "Dr. or "Rev."); if she does not have a professional title, use a general title based on her marital status: "Ms." when she is unmarried or if her marital status is unknown, or "Mrs." if you know she's married.

Examples to Address a Woman in a Business Letter and Template Business Letter to a Woman

Part 1: Choosing The Correct Title

• It sometimes occurs that you will need to address a women without knowing her name. In this case, use Dear Madam. If you are not aware of the gender either, you can use "To whom it may concern". [1] X Research source

• Start with a formal salutation such as “Dear” and follow it by the job title of the intended reader, followed by their full name. If you do not know if the reader has a formal title, be sure to look it up first by searching the organizations website or asking somebody. By using the job title of the intended reader you can avoid having to worry about using gender-specific titles.
• For example, if you're writing a business letter to an Inspector, your business letter salutation would be “Dear Inspector”. This alone could be the entire salutation, or “Dear Inspector” could be followed by the intended reader's last name. The same would apply if the woman if a Doctor, and in this case, the letter could begin with "Dear Dr.Johnson", for example.
• Use the correct salutation for a minister. Use the minister's first and last name in the address in the form, "Reverend Jane Doe," or "Pastor Jane Doe." In the salutation, it is acceptable to abbreviate the term "Reverend" but not the term "Pastor," so you would use the form, "Dear Rev. Doe," or "Dear Pastor Doe.
• The correct salutation for an attorney is “Mrs./Ms/Mr. [First & Last Name], Esquire”, or “Mrs./Ms/Mr. [First & Last Name], Esq.”

• In addition, it is also possible to use "Ms." for women whose marital status you are unsure of.

• "Mrs.” is used for married women.
• "Ms.” is used for both married and unmarried women. Use this formal title when the woman's marital status is unknown or irrelevant.
• "Miss.” is used for unmarried women. Avoid using this formal title because its use is often considered to be condescending to the reader, especially when used to address an older woman.

Part 2: Polishing Your Greeting

• If you have a pre-existing relationship with the reader, or the circumstances dictate that the letter not be exceptionally formal, it is possible to not use the formal titles. For example, if you are contacting a business partner or someone whom you know or have a relationship with, you can simply use Dear [First Name] rather than a formal title. [4] X Research source
• A formal title should always be used when the formal salutation only includes the intended reader's last name, ie. "Mrs./Ms/Mr. [Last Name]". A formal title may not be necessary when using both the first and last name.
• Be cautious with using no formal title. Avoid using a woman's first name in the salutation, unless you know her well. Otherwise, a formal salutation should be used, followed by a colon in order to avoid a false presumption of intimacy. For example, "Dear Ms. Brown:" or Dear Ms. Lucy Brown:”, should be used instead of "Dear Lucy.

• A receptionist or human resource employee of the intended reader can verify the proper and correct spelling of the intended reader's name and functional title.
• When writing a business letter to an unknown party, you should attempt to verify the proper spelling of the intended reader's name in order to determine gender, and thus the necessary formal title.

• In American English, the titles are usually written followed by a period. For example "Dear Ms. Johnson". In British English, periods are typically not used. For example, "Dear Ms Johnson". [5] X Research source
• In American English a colon typically follows the person's name. For example, "Dear Ms. Johnson: ". In British English, no colon is used, so it would read "Dear Ms Johnson". [6] X Research source

Expert Q&A

• After the salutation, always leave one line blank. This is the correct formatting for a business letter. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

• Never use "To Whom It May Concern." This phrase is overused and will appear too generic to the reader. If you don't know the correct name, contact the business or organization to find out. Thanks Helpful 2 Not Helpful 2

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://www.ego4u.com/en/business-english/communication/business-letter/salutation
• ↑ https://www.englishclub.com/speaking/titles.php
• ↑ https://www.businesswritingblog.com/business_writing/2006/01/greetings_and_s.html

About This Article

To address a woman in a business letter, write "Dear Madam" as a greeting if you don't know her name. If you know her name, you can use "Mrs" if she's married, or "Ms" if you're not sure whether she's married. However, avoid using "Dear Miss," since it can sometimes be thought of as condescending. You can also address a woman by using her job title, such as "Dear Inspector Jennifer Johnson." For tips on how to use the proper level of formality when addressing a woman, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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How to Address a Cover Letter to Recruiter or Hiring Manager

5 min read · Updated on November 24, 2021

Knowing how to effectively address a cover letter makes you a very visible and appealing candidate.

Did you know that the cardinal rule of cover letters is personalization? It impresses a hiring manager or recruiter because it tells them you took time to research the specific information for the letter rather than sending a generic version.

What many people forget, however, is that the greeting or salutation in a cover letter must also be personalized with the hiring professional's first and last name whenever possible.

There are several effective ways to find the hiring manager's name for your greeting — and some acceptable back-up strategies when you can't. Either way, knowing how to address a cover letter effectively can prevent you from ending your hiring chances before they even begin. 

When you know the hiring manager's name

More often than not, you'll be given the name of the hiring professional or the manager that you'll work for. Whoever it is, use their full name (first and last name) in the greeting. 

If you cannot definitively tell the gender of the hiring person, do not use a gender-based title such as “Mr.” or “Ms.” in the greeting. Instead just use the person's full name.

For example, Alex Johnson could be male or female. To avoid a gender mistake, use Dear Alex Johnson, Hello Alex Johnson, or simply Alex Johnson .

However, professional titles such as “Professor” or “Dr.” are definitely acceptable as a cover letter salutation and should be used as a sign of respect. Be on the lookout for these and other titles to include.

How to find a hiring manager's name for your cover letter

If you're not given the name of the hiring manager, here are some effective ways to discover their name by using:

The job description: Check this document for the hiring manager's name. While it's not generally listed, you never know. If it's not obvious, there's also a trick to quickly discover an email in the job description that might contain the name; while in the document, press Ctrl +F or run Command + F and search for the @ symbol.

An email address: If you discover an email address, it may not have a full name but rather a first initial and last name or just a first name like [email protected] or [email protected] . A Google search combining the person's name as shown in the email and the company name might find you the person's full name.

 A LinkedIn post: A name connected to the LinkedIn job posting is probably that of the hiring professional who posted it, so use that name in your greeting.

The supervisor's title: It's more likely that a job description will list who the new hire will report to — such as the director of accounting — without listing a name. In this case, there are several search options:

Search the company's website for listings of staff members by title.

Run an advanced LinkedIn or Google search for all directors of accounting at that specific company.

Check with your network for someone who might know the person's name or search the appropriate professional networking sites.

Contact the company by phone or email. Tell them you're applying for [job title] and want to address your cover letter to the right person.

In the end, this research can be the difference between making a great first impression and getting noticed for the position — or getting totally ignored by the hiring manager. 

Acceptable options in lieu of a name

If you try the steps above and come up empty, there are still some alternative greeting options that will put you in a professional light.

The idea is to show that you've read the job description and tailored your greeting based on the company department where the job is located, the hiring manager's title, or the team with which you'll potentially work.

Some good examples include:

Dear Head of Design

Hello IT Department

Dear Accounting Manager

To Company ABC Recruiter/Hiring Professional

Hello Marketing Hiring Team

Dear Customer Support Hiring Group

Dear Human Resources

If you still can't find any specific name or department information, go with “Dear Hiring Manager.” It sounds professional and it's not gender-specific. In fact, a recent survey of over 2000 companies by Saddleback College showed that 40 percent preferred “Dear Hiring Manager” as the best greeting when a manager's name can't be found. 

“Dear Sir or Madam” is another option that works because it's gender-neutral and respectful. However, it sounds a bit old-fashioned and may signal a hiring professional that you're an older worker or just not aware of other greeting options. It's perfectly acceptable, but the better choice is “Dear Hiring Manager.” 

In the end, an actual name or any of the alternative examples will let you stand out from the crowd, so do your best to find and use those whenever you can.

Never leave the greeting blank

Whatever information you may or may not find, it's important to never leave your greeting line blank.

A blank greeting line can make you come across as lazy or rude, or imply that you simply don't understand how to write a cover letter — all of which will immediately put you out of contention for the job. There's no reason to leave the greeting blank when there are so many options that can be used effectively.

When you spend the time and effort to personalize your cover letter, you don't want to come across as “just another candidate” by using a generic greeting or no greeting at all.

A personalized greeting will impress any hiring professional, increasing the chance they'll read your entire cover letter — and ask you for an interview.

Not sure if your cover letter is cutting it? Our writers don't just help you with your resume . 

Recommended Reading:

Do Hiring Managers Actually Read Cover Letters?

5 Things to Say in Your Cover Letter If You Want to Get the Job

How To Write a Cover Letter (With Example)

Related Articles:

How to Create a Resume With No Education

From Bland to Beautiful: How We Made This Professional's Resume Shine

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