cost of doing a phd in usa

• PhD in USA – A Guide for 2024/25
• Finding a PhD

A PhD in USA takes approximately 5 – 6 years of full-time study and can cost between $12,000 – $45,000 per academic year. PhD programs in USA differ from that in the UK and Europe in that students must first take taught classes, coursework and exams before starting their research project.

Why Do a PhD in USA?

The United States has long had some of the most distinguished universities and advanced PhD programmes in the world. Combined with curriculum flexibility, rigorous teaching methods, vast funding opportunities, breathtaking campuses and significant career prospects, it’s no wonder that it is one of the most sought-after study destinations for research students.

In addition to comprehensive training standards, here are a few other reasons why a student may choose to undertake their PhD in the United States:

• Longer learning timeframes – A PhD in the US lasts longer than a PhD in the UK or Europe. This allows students to more confidently transition from undergraduate to postgraduate studies; more commonly referred to as ‘graduate studies’ in the US. This gives you the opportunity to learn more about your subject, research methods and academic writing in general before starting your research project.
• World-class universities – It’s no secret that some of the most well-known higher education institutions that continue to dominate global rankings are based in the United States. Although many factors go into determining whether a position is right for you, a PhD at a high-ranking American university will undeniably have many benefits, from excellent learning standards to access to innovative equipment and deep expertise.
• International network – The US has long been a popular choice among PhD students around the world. As such, the US hosts a diverse and multicultural learning environment in which many research students will quickly feel at home.
• Opportunities – With over 4,000 universities in the US, we can safely say you will have plenty of opportunities to find the ideal combination of project, supervisor and university that works for you.

Universities in USA

Universities in the United States can be divided into two types: public universities and private universities.

Public universities are financed by the state in which they are based. Because of this, public universities charge less for students from within the state and more for students from outside the state, including international students.

Private universities are not financed by their state, but by private donors, research funds and tuition fees. For this reason, private universities generally charge higher tuition fees than public universities and require all students to pay the same amount, regardless of whether they come from out-of-state or abroad.

According to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2024 , eight of the top ten universities in the world are located in the United States. These are:

Method of Study

The main difference between a PhD in the US and a PhD in Europe lies in the program structure. Whereas a European PhD essentially consists of a single phase lasting three to four years , an American PhD consists of three different phases, each with its own time frame.

• Phase One – The first phase lasts approximately two years and focuses on building a basic foundation for the doctoral student. This phase consists largely of taught components such as lectures, tutorials and laboratory sessions, in which the student learns more about theoretical concepts and research methods within their discipline.
• Phase Two – The second phase can be considered an assessment phase, which runs both periodically alongside and at the end of the first phase. Here, students complete coursework and take exams on the basis of the material they have covered of which they must pass in order to proceed to the third phase.
• Phase Three – The third phase lasts approximately three years and resembles the European PhD structure. During this period, the student undertakes an independent research project, including forming a research design, conducting experiments, writing a thesis (more commonly referred to in the USA as a dissertation) and sitting a viva exam.

Teaching Requirements

Besides structure, a key difference between a PhD program in the US and in Europe is the focus on teaching requirements. In the US, doctoral students are expected to lecture, lead tutorials, host laboratory sessions, mark coursework and provide office hours for undergraduate students. Although students studying in European will likely contribute to these at some point during their study, this would normally be on a voluntary basis and involve less time commitment.

Research Flexibility

Another difference is project flexibility. In Europe, students typically apply to a PhD project predetermined by a supervisor, and although there may be some scope to adapt the project, depending on the funding provider , it will usually be limited to how the project is carried out rather than what it is about. In the US, however, a student applies to become a doctoral candidate within a department rather than applying for a particular research project. This is because students are expected to decide on their thesis topic (also commonly referred to as a dissertation research topic) near the end of their first phase after they have developed a better understanding of their subject and know where their interests lie. Therefore, research students in the US generally have more flexibility and influence in the direction of their research than students in the United Kingdom or Europe.

PhD Admission Requirements in USA

PhD admission into US universities can be highly competitive, both because of the limited number of positions and the large number of annual applicants.

The eligibility requirements for a doctoral program in the USA can generally be divided into four sections:

• Grade Point Average ( GPA ) – in the US, a scoring system known as Grade Point Average is used to measure academic ability. A student’s GPA is calculated as a weighted score of the subjects they study during their undergraduate degree; an equivalent score is calculated by universities for international applicants. Although universities rarely set minimum GPA requirements for doctoral study, it’s worth being aware that a GPA of 3.0 is equivalent to a UK second class honours (2:1); the typical entry requirement for UK universities.
• Graduate Records Exam (GRE) – most universities will require you to take a series of examinations known as Graduate Records Exams, which are used to determine your suitability for graduate study. GREs will assess your analytical, reasoning and critical thinking skills as well as your depth of your subject.
• Student aptitude – in addition to academic ability, US universities also look for characteristics of a strong researcher. These include traits such as engaging in the subject in your own time, e.g. by attending talks and conferences, demonstrating a high degree of independence and enthusiasm, and a general passion for your subject.
• English Language Proficiency – international students whose first language is not English must sit language exams such as IELTS or TOELF to demonstrate their English language proficiency.

International students will also require a F1 student visa in order to study in the US, however, you would typically apply for this after you have secured a place into a doctorate program.

How to Apply for PhD in USA

When applying for a PhD position at a graduate school, the application process will differ between universities, however, they will all typically ask for the following:

• Academic CV – a short document summarising your educational background and current level of experience .
• Personal statement – a document which outlines why you believe you are suitable for PhD study and your passion for the subject.
• Academic transcripts – a complete breakdown of the modules and their respective marks you have taken as part of your previous/current degree.
• GRE scores – a transcript of your Graduate Records Exam results.
• Research statement – a condensed version of a research proposal outlining your general research interests, if required.
• Recommendation letters – references from several academic referees who endorse your qualities as a person, your abilities as a student and your potential as a doctoral researcher.

Application Deadlines and Fees

Since PhD programs in the United States have taught components, they commence at the same time as all other taught degrees, and therefore share the same application deadlines and start dates. This corresponds to an application period that typically begins in August and ends in February. Admission decisions are typically made in April, with successful students starting in August/September.

When you apply to a graduate school, you will be expected to pay a fee for each doctorate application to cover the school’s administrative costs for processing your application. The fee varies from university to university, but typically ranges from $50 to $100 .

Funding your PhD in USA

It’s very common for a PhD student to receive financial aid in the form of a PhD scholarship; in fact, this will be the case for the vast majority of students in the US.

PhD funding can be ‘fully funded’ covering the student’s graduate program tuition fees, accommodation and living costs, or ‘partially funded’ covering the student’s tuition fee only in part or full.

Besides funding, a graduate student can take on an assistantship, such as a graduate teaching assistant or research assistant, in which they take on a part-time salaried position at the university alongside their studies.

Due to the international and collaborate nature of American universities, there are also a number of international scholarships available, such as the Fulbright Scholarship and the AAUW International Fellowship .

PhD Duration in USA

In the US, a PhD takes approximately 5 – 6 years to complete if studying full-time, and 8 – 10 years if studying part-time.

If you already have a Master’s degree, your first phase can be shortened by one year at the discretion of the university.

Cost of a PhD in USA

The cost of a PhD program in the US can vary considerably depending on the type of university, i.e. whether it’s a public or private university, the doctoral course, i.e. whether it’s in a STEM subject such as computer science, engineering or a non-STEM subject, and whether you are a home or international student.

In general, however, the typical annual tuition fee for a PhD in the US is between $12,000 and $45,000 per academic year.

As with any doctoral degree, additional costs may include travel for collaborations, bench fees, accommodation and living expenses.

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PhD in USA: Fees 2024, Top Colleges, Placements & Salaries

Jasmine Grover

Content Strategy Manager | Updated On - Apr 30, 2024

You must show your English proficiency by submitting scores for IELTS (7 to 7.5) and TOEFL (90 to 100).  When pursuing your PhD in USA, you've got 10 years to wrap up your thesis even though the program is 6 years. The cost of a PhD in the USA can vary quite a bit, ranging from USD 24,800 to 80,390 (INR 20.6 Lakhs to 66.9 Lakhs) . Though it can be costly, a PhD in USA offers a great return on investment as you can earn salaries ranging from USD 59,506 to USD 92,179 .

Some  top universities to aim for your PhD in the USA are MIT, Harvard University, Stanford University, and University of California, Berkeley. With a doctorate in hand, you can easily get a job at top-notch companies like Apple, Amazon, Microsoft, and more. 

PhD in USA: Program Highlights

Top Universities for PhD in USA

When it comes to pursuing a PhD in USA, there's no shortage of top-notch universities to choose from. Here are a few universities that consistently rank high and offer exceptional programs:

Why study PhD in USA?

Studying for a PhD in the USA is a top choice for many aspiring scholars. Here's why pursuing your doctoral studies in USA might be the best choice:

• PhD in USA is offered by well-ranked and globally accredited universities such as Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. 
• You don't need to spend years working on a master's degree before you can pursue PhD in USA. Some universities in USA offer admission to the PhD program right after bachelor's.
• USA universities offer PhD students generous stipends, scholarships, and fellowships, covering tuition fees and living costs.
• The USA boasts a lower unemployment rate of only 3.9% compared to many other countries.
• Over 280 universities in USA offer PhD programs for engineering, business, arts, or sciences.

The USA is a global innovation, technology, finance, and entertainment powerhouse. Whether you dream of working in Silicon Valley, Wall Street, or Hollywood, studying in the US puts you right in the middle of some of the world's most exciting hubs of opportunity.

So, if you're ready to take your academic journey to the next level and set yourself up for success, a PhD in the USA could be the right choice.

Popular PhD in USA Programs for Indian Students

Some popular programs of PhD in USA for Indian students:-

Course Curriculum

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in USA is a popular degree sought after by many international students. It is considered the highest academic achievement in most fields of study. The PhD program in the USA consists of three main phases:

• Coursework Phase: Involves advanced courses over 1 to 3 years to build foundational knowledge and research skills.
• Preliminary Examination : Assess students' breadth of knowledge in their field after completing coursework.
• Dissertation Phase : Lasts 2 to 8 years for independent research, culminating in a written dissertation.

The duration of the PhD program varies depending on the field of study and the student's academic background. On average, it takes 4 to 8 years to complete a PhD program after obtaining a bachelor's degree. However, students who already hold a master's degree may complete the program in a year or two less, depending on their prior coursework and research experience.

PhD in USA Admission

Admission to most universities in the USA remains open during December and January. Students must submit applications before the deadlines are passed. You can go through the sections below to check the eligibility criteria and other requirements for PhD in USA.

PhD in USA: Eligibility Criteria

As the entry requirements vary within the field of study, it becomes very difficult to group this data into a piece of the overall information. However, the following eligibility criteria are followed by a majority PhD universities in USA:-

• 4-year Bachelor’s degree or Master’s degree
• A minimum GPA of 3 out of 4.
• 2 academic and 1 professional Letter of Recommendation (LOR)
• A 500-750 word Statement of Purpose (SoP)
• Updated Resume or CV
• A valid passport
• F-1 or J-1 US Student Visa
• Valid Passport
• Student Visa

PhD in USA: University Requirements

To get admission to PhD programs in the USA, students must have a minimum GPA of 2.7 to 3.9 based on various universities. Students must also have English language proficiency scores of IELTSand TOEFL. The various requirements for PhD admission in USA in some of the popular universities are tabulated as follows:-

Cost of PhD in USA

Students who wish to get admission to PhD courses in the USA must have enough funds to support their studies in the USA. Based on various top universities offering PhD courses, the total cost of study in the USA is around USD 70,573 to 1,26,163 (INR 58.47 lakhs to 10.45 million) including tuition fees and living costs.

PhD in USA Tuition Fee

The cost of PhD in USA varies with the specialisation or the preferred field of study. However, on average, the annual tuition fees range from USD 24,800 to 80,390 (INR 2.05 to 66.66 lakhs). The following table presents the university-wise distribution of the average tuition costs for opting PhD in USA:-

Cost of Living in USA

USA is the most popular as well as the costliest study abroad destination for PhD in USA as well as other programs. This corresponds to the quality of education, safety, ambience, and health services the country offers. Based on some of the top universities in the USA, students admitted to PhD courses will face an average living cost of USD 45,773 (INR 37.92 lakhs) based on various parameters mentioned below.

PhD in USA with Scholarship

At Universities in the USA, students are offered various scholarships and fellowships allowing students to ease their financial burden. You can check various fellowships offered by US universities in the table below.

Also Check : Education Loans to Study in USA

PhD in USA Placements

After completing the Ph.D. program at Universities in the USA, students are offered various job profiles based on their field of study and research. The average salary offered for various job profiles listed below ranges from USD 59,506 to 92,179 (INR 49.29 to 76.36 lakhs).

PhD in USA: Return on Investment

After completing the PhD programs in the USA, students are placed in various sectors. Graduates from US Universities receive an annual average salary ranging from USD 65,070 to 1,75,090 based on various top universities as mentioned below.

The availability of stipends, scholarships, and fellowships allows students to pursue a PhD in USA without any financial pressure. With an unemployability rate of just 3.9%, the USA allows graduates to work in their core fields after completing the Ph.D. programs. Companies like Apple, Amazon, CISCO, Microsoft, etc. offer students a salary range of USD 59,506 to 92,179 (INR 49.29 to 76.36 lakhs) based on different job profiles. 

Ques. How much does PhD cost in USA?

Ans. The cost of studying PhD in USA includes tuition costs and living costs as mentioned below.

• Tuition cost for PhD in USA ranges from USD 24,800 to 80,390 (INR 2.05 to 66.66 lakhs)
• Living costs for PhD in USA is around USD 45,773 (INR 37.92 lakhs).

Ques. How many years is PhD in USA?

Ans. Students enrolled in US universities have 10 years to complete their doctoral thesis, even though the course duration is 6 years .

Ques. What is the eligibility for PhD in USA?

Ans. To pursue PhD in USA, you must fulfil the below requirements.

• Students must have a bachelors or masters degree in relevant field.
• Students must have secured a GPA 2.7 to 3.9 on a scale of 4 (80-94%).
• Students must have valid scores of IELTS 7.0-7.5, TOEFL 90-100, etc.

Furthermore, for some of the specialisations, candidates will be required to submit GMAT or GRE scores.

Ques. Can I work while pursuing a PhD in USA?

Ans. Individuals pursuing a PhD in USA are allowed to work for a maximum of 20 hours per week on a part-time basis. They may start full-time working during vacations or holidays.

Ques. What are the top PhD programs to study in USA?

Ans. The following are some of the popular streams for pursuing a PhD in USA:-

• Engineering
• Biological Sciences

Ques. What can I do after completing a PhD in USA?

Ans. After pursuing a Ph.D. program in USA candidates may work under the following job profiles:-

• Research Scientist
• Data Analyst
• Assistant Research Engineer
• Teaching Assistant Professor
• Field Biologist
• Economist, etc.

Ques. Is post graduation necessary for pursuing PhD in USA?

Ans. For a majority of institutions, post graduation or a Master’s degree is not required for studying PhD in USA. Only an undergraduate degree with at least a 3.0 GPA (85%) is sufficient for applying to these colleges.

Ques. What is the salary after PhD in USA?

Ans. Graduates of PhD programs in USA can earn an impressive average annual salary ranging from USD 55,200 to USD 101,100 (INR 45.5 Lakhs to INR 83.4 Lakhs).

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Studying a PhD in The USA - The Complete Guide

Find your perfect postgrad program search our database of 30,000 courses.

The USA is a favourable postgraduate study destination for international students due to the high standard of academic study and the wide variety of subjects. By undertaking a PhD in the USA, you will find yourself becoming an internationally recognised expert in your chosen field.

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) from the USA is considered the highest awarded degree in many US universities and institutes for most fields of study. For many international students, it's a dream course that offers an exciting new life chapter.

Attending Grad School for a PhD in the USA is not the same as undertaking a PhD in Europe or the UK , it can often be a different experience. However, studying abroad will improve your global cultural understanding in addition to your network of contacts for your future career. A PhD degree is often required when you apply for high-level management jobs, government expert positions, and careers like a university professor, researcher, or scientist in many fields.

There are a multitude of reasons why the United States is a fantastic choice for your PhD studies. Here’s everything you need to know about studying a PhD in the USA.

1. PhD course length

The total length of a PhD in the USA is between 4-8 years for full-time students and 8-10 years for part-time students, depending on your field of study. PhDs can be completed in 4-5 years for students with a masters degree in an appropriate subject. Students typically dedicate 1-4 years on coursework, followed by 2-4 years of dissertation work. In the USA, the academic year is divided into two teaching semesters: August to December and January to May. 

Having a longer duration for your PhD allows for greater opportunities to adjust to your course and find your footing. This enables you to concentrate on developing a more comprehensive understanding of your chosen subject at a more relaxed pace.

2. World-class universities

The US repeatedly tops the charts of worldwide ranking universities , so what better place to do your PhD studies? Although rankings shouldn’t be the main deciding factor when making your PhD choice, they're a great indicator of educational expertise.

There are many factors to consider when choosing the location for your PhD. Does the university have a high employability rate after graduation? Are you wanting to go public or private university? What kind of research facilities do they have? 

Be sure to do some research before making a decision on your perfect place of study.

3. International community

The United States is a popular choice for international students from all over the world – making it an inspirational and cosmopolitan choice for your PhD studies. No matter what your choice of academic study is, you are guaranteed to find a diverse community that welcomes students from all backgrounds. 

4. Affordable tuition fees 

There are various tuition fee options available for PhD students regardless of your budget. The American higher education system is often associated with high fees and substantial student debt, but in fact, studying at an American university isn't always expensive, and many institutions offer affordable courses. For instance, PhD costs range from $28,000 to $55,000 annually, which shows that finding a PhD course that’s more affordable is possible. 

5. Student experience

American universities typically have vibrant campus communities with a wide range of extracurricular activities, clubs and organisations. As a student, you will have the opportunity to engage in various social, cultural and recreational activities alongside your academic studies.

6. Student support

American universities typically provide comprehensive support services to assist you on your PhD journey. These services may include academic advising, counselling, career services, libraries, writing centres and various student organisations aimed at fostering your personal and professional development.

7. Land of opportunity

It's fair to say that student life in the USA offers something for everyone, regardless of what you're looking for from a PhD. With 50 states, six time zones, and thousands of higher-education providers, there's an opportunity waiting for every individual across the globe.

So let’s take a look at some of the key factors to consider when studying for a PhD in the USA.

Studying a PhD in the USA: top tips

Who is eligible for a phd in the usa.

To be eligible for PhD in the USA, generally students should have completed a graduate degree with a minimum GPA of 3.0, provide proof of English language proficiency, GRE scores and other supporting documents.  The eligibility criteria for a PhD in the USA can vary depending on the specific university and program. 

Can I get a PhD without a masters degree?

Yes, you can pursue a PhD without having a masters. Universities in the USA do not require a masters for you to apply. Because of the graduate programs in the US, you will receive your masters degree once you have completed your coursework stage. This practice combines the masters and PhD into one.

The eligibility criteria and requirements for direct entry PhD programs vary among institutions and fields of study, so it is advisable to check the entry requirements of the specific university or course you are interested in.

How to apply for a PhD in the USA

When applying for your chosen subject in the USA, you should expect to provide relevant information and statements to the university. This will include:

Completed application form – provided by your preferred university.

A personal statement – on why you want to study the subject, your research interests and career goals. Be sure to include any extracurricular activities and achievements within the body of your statement.

References – universities will expect that your referees will recommend you for the chosen course.

Test scores and grades – you will generally need to submit scores from standardised tests like the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT). 

English language proficiency – international applicants whose native language is not English usually need to provide proof of English language proficiency through tests like the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). It varies from institution to institution, but international students in the USA are required to have a TOEFL score of about 90.

Samples of work – it is recommended that you provide some work you have done that is relevant to your chosen subject. You may even be asked to complete a small task during the application process.

The application fee. 

Method of study

Compared to the UK and Europe , studying a PhD in the USA involves several key differences. Students in the USA are usually in direct contact with their professor, compared with those in the UK where students might find that their PhD program is headed by a professor who gives them a little less flexibility to change their research and study areas. There can be several cultural differences between UK, Europe, and USA university lifestyles. US students are expected to undertake a great deal of teaching and marking, as opposed to PhD students in Europe. 

As a result, you may have less free time outside of the university when pursuing a PhD in the USA.

Application for PhD In USA

When applying for your chosen subject, you should expect to provide relevant information and statements to the university. This might include:

A personal statement on why you want to study the subject. Be sure to include any extra-curricular activities and achievements within the body of your statement.

References. Universities will expect that your referees will recommend you for the chosen course.

Test scores and grades. It is important that you provide a list of your awarded grades from previous courses you have studied.

Samples of work. It is recommended that you provide some work you have done that is relevant to your chosen subject. You may even be asked to complete a small task during the application process.

UK and Europe students decide on their PhD thesis subject area before they apply . While taking classes at a graduate level, prospective PhD students in the USA spend up to a year or two deciding on their specific research subject. It is normal to apply for up to six institutions for a PhD in the USA, and students apply to each institution separately as there is no central organisation. 

Students in the UK and Europe are expected to apply with an understanding of the subject already, usually in the form of a masters degree, and be ready to start studying at the PhD level straight away. In the USA it is expected that students do not have an in-depth understanding of their subject as they usually only have an undergraduate degree when they apply. 

When should I start applying for a PhD in the USA?

Deadlines for applications to PhD programs in the USA tend to be between December and February, and institutions should let you know about your application by April. Most US institutions recommend that you apply as far in advance as you possibly can to give them, and you, plenty of time to make arrangements. 

Universities in the USA do not require a masters for you to apply as well. Because of the graduate programs in the US, you will receive your masters degree once you have completed your coursework stage. This practice combines the masters and PhD into one.

It varies from institution to institution, but international students in the USA are required to have a TOEFL score of about 90.

Funding your PhD in USA

PhD students are very likely to receive financial support in the form of PhD scholarships ; some USA PhD students also receive PhD studentships .

Making your PhD application in plenty of time allows you more time to apply for and arrange your PhD funding. Many students find that funding can cover much, or all, of the cost of their PhD studies in the USA, which ranges between $28,000 and $40,000. Deadlines for funding applications can be as early as December before starting your studies in the Autumn/Fall. 

There are two types of PhD funding: fully funded, which pays for the student's graduate school tuition fees, accommodation, and living expenses, or partially funded, which pays for the student's tuition only partially or fully.

Can a PhD be fully funded?

Yes, many top universities in the USA offer fully funded PhD programs for eligible students. This funding pays for the student's graduate school tuition fees, accommodation and living expenses. Partially funded PhDs only cover the student's tuition in part or in full.

Some PhD students will receive a stipend from their institution with an assistantship position, but this varies between institutions and between departments within institutions. Other students can find funding from both their own and the American government, and there are plenty of American government schemes like The Fulbright Program that offer funds.

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How long does it take to study a PhD in the USA?

For part-time students in the USA, a PhD can take eight to ten years, but it usually takes five to six years for full-time students. PhDs can be completed in four to five years rather than five or six for students with a masters degree in an appropriate subject.

Top 10 ranked American universities

Based on 2024 Times Higher Education's World University Rankings data, the following table shows which US universities rank the highest.

Our PhD bursary winner & funding opportunity

Mohammad Abdollahi is a 35-year-old Iranian student studying a PhD in Operational Research at the University of Essex. He was delighted when he found out he’d been awarded a Postgrad Solutions Study Bursary. As an international student coming to the UK with his wife and two children, it has proved to be an invaluable funding resource as he explains. “It was good news and exciting – I was overwhelmed with joy!”

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Do PhD Students Pay Tuition? Unpacking the Cost of a PhD

Choosing to pursue a PhD is a major milestone, but it comes with a host of concerns and questions. As a prospective doctoral student, you might wonder if you pay tuition for a PhD and how much that will cost.

In many cases, the answer is no, PhD students do not pay tuition. Instead, universities often provide their doctoral students with tuition waivers and funding packages to carry them through their years of study. 

However, it's important to bear in mind that this isn't always the case and the specifics can vary greatly. Navigating PhD funding can seem daunting at first, but understanding how tuition, stipends and other sources affect the out-of-pocket cost of a PhD can help you feel more confident in your decision.

How Much Does a PhD Cost?

Contrary to popular belief, the costs of a PhD program aren't set in stone. Factors like the institution, geographic location, field of study and funding support all play a role in how much you’ll actually pay for a doctoral program. Depending on your field, some PhD programs pay you . 

To give you a clearer picture, let's break down expenses and potential support.

Tuition and Fees

Tuition and fees are typically the most substantial expense. How much you pay depends on the institution offering the program and the field of study you choose. According to the Education Data Initiative , the average cost of a PhD specifically is $106,860, while the average cost of a doctorate degree in general is higher at $150,835.

You can expect a lower cost at public institutions ($93,670 on average) compared to private universities ($129,395 on average). Considering the time to complete a doctorate degree ranges from approximately 4 to 8 years, the duration of your studies can influence the total price.

While figures like this seem substantial, it's important to remember that scholarships, grants, fellowships and assistantships significantly reduce the out-of-pocket expenses for most PhD students. For instance, the average grant aid for a doctoral degree is $16,502 annually, and 21.4% of PhD students surveyed by the Education Data Initiative offset their costs with teaching assistantships. 

As a result, actual paid expenses are often much lower than the listed tuition and fees.

Books and Materials

The cost of study materials, including textbooks and research supplies, varies depending on the specific requirements of your field of study.

For example, PhD students in Earth Sciences or Chemistry might need to invest in lab equipment and materials, while students in Humanities may require numerous books and subscriptions to academic journals.

However, it's essential to note that many programs provide funding resources that help offset or eliminate these costs. Universities often offer subsidies or funds for research materials, and there are numerous grants and scholarships specific to different fields of study. Libraries and interlibrary loan systems can also be a valuable resource for accessing required books and academic journals.

Healthcare and Living 

Cost of living and healthcare can vary greatly depending on your circumstances and location. Major cities, for example, tend to have higher living costs than smaller towns or rural areas. 

The higher expenses in cities often correlate with increased access to resources, research opportunities and a wide variety of entertainment and lifestyle choices. On the other hand, smaller towns or rural areas might offer lower cost of living and fewer distractions but may limit access to extensive resources or opportunities.

Luckily, many universities offer annual stipends as part of their financial aid packages for PhD students. These stipends are designed to help you manage your living and healthcare expenses, allowing you to concentrate on your studies and research. Some universities may also provide budget-friendly on-campus housing options to help mitigate overall costs. 

Navigating the Financial Landscape of a PhD

The path to earning a PhD isn't just an academic journey, but a financial one too. While it's true that in many cases, PhD students don't pay tuition, it's crucial to understand that it’s ultimately variable depending on where and what you choose to study. Financial aid packages and stipends can be a substantial help, providing relief to both domestic and international students.

At the Moody School of Graduate and Advanced Studies, we pride ourselves in providing an environment that fosters academic excellence, research innovation and professional development. With the generous support of the Moody Foundation, we have expanded our funding opportunities, enabling a diverse range of talented students to become part of our community.

Our suite of financial resources, including fellowships, assistantships, and travel grants, aim to facilitate interdisciplinary collaborations and reduce financial barriers. By helping our students focus on their academic and research pursuits, we build a vibrant, diverse, and inclusive environment that sets the stage for future leaders to thrive.

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• Applying for a PhD in the USA

Written by Taru Medha

Applying to a PhD degree in the USA can be quite an extensive and competitive process. Universities want to make sure students end up on the right graduate programmes and therefore put a lot of time and effort into their admissions process. They expect you to do the same with your application.

This doesn't mean that it's harder to get a place on a US PhD degree. But you will need to provide more material and more detail about your existing qualifications than you might be asked for elsewhere.

On this page

When should i apply for a phd in the usa.

US graduate programmes will have specific application deadlines. It’s common for application windows to open between August and December for admission to a PhD in the autumn (or ‘fall’) of the following year.

How should I apply for a PhD in the USA?

Applications for US PhD programmes are made directly to graduate schools. But bear in mind that US graduate schools will often ask for a lot of supplementary material with your application. Most will also charge an admission fee (usually between $50 and $100 ).

Do I need a Masters to apply for a PhD in the USA?

You won’t necessarily need a Masters to apply for a PhD in the USA. American graduate programmes effectively combine Masters and PhD study. Some students actually receive a Masters at the end of their coursework stage.

If you do already have a Masters , you may be able to receive credit for it and spend less time on the coursework stage of your programme. This decision is made by your graduate school, who will decide how relevant your existing degree is.

To apply for a PhD at an American university, you’ll need to submit a list of documents which include:

• academic transcripts;
• personal statement ;
• letters of recommendation;
• research statements – A research statement is different from a research proposal (required if you’re applying for a PhD in most other countries). You’ll only need to give a general sense of your research interests and possible directions you might like to pursue. The specific details for your project will be developed later in your programme and put forward as part of your research prospectus;
• graduate admission tests – They are a more common requirement in the US education system than they are in other countries. They allow your university to assess general skills such as abstract reasoning, problem solving and critical thinking. A number of tests are in use, but the two most common are the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) . Some PhD subjects may use other graduate entry tests in place of (or in addition to) the GRE such as the LSAT for Law programmes . You must check with your university to know which test it requires;
• English academic language test - If English is not your first language you may need to submit a score from a recognised body such as TOEFL or IELTS. Your prospective university will be able to tell you which test it prefers (many will accept more than one), and the minimum score, or scores, it requires.

Decision on your PhD application

There are three potential outcomes for a US PhD application. You may be successful , waitlisted or unsuccessful . If you’re successful or unsuccessful, your university will let you know straight away. However, you may also be waitlisted as a second-choice candidate. If the first-choice candidate declines their offer or isn’t able to enrol on the programme, you’ll be offered their place.

Once you’ve heard back from your university and you have a confirmed place, you’re all set to start applying for your student visa! Read our comprehensive guides to know more how a PhD looks like in the US and the funding options at your disposal.

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A PhD is the highest degree awarded at global universities. The study is based on a substantial research project in an area of academic interest, typically up to 100,000 words in length, written as a thesis which must be defended in an oral examination at the end of the program. All PhD students are assigned a supervisor, and the duration of a PhD is typically three years full-time and six years part-time.

Very few research degrees feature taught modules, and as such a student is expected to take more responsibility for their work and schedule. Universities in the USA are known for their academic excellence and state-of-the-art research infrastructure, along with their support for enterprise partnerships.  

PhD Entry Requirements

US institutions are free to admit anyone to a PhD program, with admission generally conditional on the prospective student having completed an undergraduate degree with at least upper second-class honours, as well as a master's degree . English language ability proof is a must, and a minimum IELTS score of 6.5 is generally required. There is usually a first-year assessment to remain in the study, and the thesis is submitted at the end of the completed program.

Once you have decided on an area of research and have looked into how you will fund your study, there are a number of documents required when submitting your application. They include:

• Academic transcripts
• Academic references
• Personal statement
• Research proposal

- PhD Research Proposal

A research proposal is required by all students when applying to study for a PhD. The proposal should address the research you wish to undertake, how you will do it, and why it is important. A panel of experts must accept the proposal before your program can begin.

How much does a PhD cost in the USA?

Funding and researching a PhD can be expensive. A PhD can cost between $20,000 and $40,000 per year, but dedicated scholarships can help support your PhD. It is rare for a PhD student not to be supported by some form of bursary, grant or scholarship .

Study a PhD in the USA

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• Tuition, Funding, & Living Costs
• PhD/Master's Application Process

All PhD students at Yale are fully funded. On average, doctoral students at Yale receive more than $500,000 in tuition fellowships, stipends, and health care benefits over the course of their enrollment. Some terminal Master's degree students also receive funding.

Tuition for full-time study at the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in the academic year 2024-2025 is $49,500.

More information on Tuition & Fees is available in our Programs & Policies handbook. Please note that we do not charge many of the fees common to other schools (e.g., technology fee, library fee, gym fee, student activities fee).

See Student Accounts for billing and payment inquiries.

For PhD Degree Applicants

All PhD students at Yale receive the following financial award, typically for a minimum of five years:

• a fellowship that covers the full cost of tuition ($49,500 for 2024-2025)
• a 12-month stipend (minimum of $49,538 for 2024-2025)
• comprehensive health insurance, including hospitalization coverage and specialty care for students, their legal spouse, and their children
• a family support subsidy for graduate students with children under the age of 18

Additionally, a Dean's Emergency Fund is available to help students with eligible, unanticipated emergency expenses. In some cases, the Continuing Registration Fee for advanced PhD students is also covered by the Graduate School.

Most PhD students complete their degrees without incurring debt.

For Master's Degree Applicants

Most students pursuing Master's degrees do not receive financial support from the Graduate School and are responsible for paying tuition, but some programs offer limited funding. Please check with the program that interests you for more information.

All Master's students registered at least half time receive Student Basic Coverage at Yale Health. You are also eligible to purchase Hospitalization and Specialty Care coverage at a group rate through the university.

Other Sources of Funding

Many of our students win external fellowships and grants. See our External Fellowships & Awards page for more information on how an external award will affect your Yale funding.

Some students choose to take loans, participate in work-study programs, or engage in part-time employment to supplement their funding while in Graduate School. More information is available on Other Means of Financing Graduate Education .

Living Cost Estimates

To ensure that our financial aid package provides enough support to enable you to live in New Haven and study full time, we developed a cost-of-living guide (see below). The Office of Financial Aid also uses these calculations to determine financial need as required by certain funding sources and for immigration processes.

Estimated average living expenses include housing and food, transportation, personal and academic expenses (excluding tuition), and hospitalization coverage and specialty care. Expenses for doctoral students may actually be less than the estimate below, since PhD financial packages cover the full cost of single-student hospitalization and specialty care coverage in the Yale Health Plan, as well as half the cost of two-person coverage (for spouses and partners), and the full cost to cover children.

2024-2025 Academic Year Living Cost Estimate:

9-MONTH LIVING COST (Master's Students):

• Single Student: $30,875

12-MONTH LIVING COST (PhD Students):

• Single Student: $39,651  

Graduate Financial Aid

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• PhD in the USA - Types, Cos...

PhD in the USA - Types, Cost and Eligibility

Confused about a phd in the usa here’s everything you need to know.

The US as a study-abroad country for post-graduate programs is unique in its way since its fundamentals include structured degree programs with comprehensive training and independent research. These extraordinary qualities enhance the appeal of the PhD programs and that’s why many students prefer to study here

Why study PhD in the US?

The US institutions follow a rigorous approach in their graduate programs, which means they provide essential training and emphasis on professional development, which exceeds minimum requirements of ‘traditional’ research-focused PhD programs in other parts of the world.

In-depth understanding: American PhD programs, on an initial stage, develop a deep understanding of the subject. This forms the basis of your research. So, instead of just focusing immediately on your dissertation proposal, you have the time to first understand what it is all about

World-leading research institutions: The US institutions are ranked at the top of global league tables, which reflects their considerable investment in research output and expertise

International perspective: US universities welcome a large number of international students from various countries. Therefore, irrespective of your subject area, you’ll always be part of a diverse academic community

Innovation: The US is a kind of trendsetter in

post-graduate studies

. It is the second country after Germany to switch to the modern PhD degree that includes a structured approach to doctoral training

Ample opportunities: With 50 states, six time zones and a large number of higher education institutions, whatever you plan to seek from your PhD study, is available to pursue

Funding: Most of the research-intensive universities in the US are substantially funded. This means more chances of financial aid to students than any other country

Structure of the PhD

PhD programs in the US are a pure research degree. An original research is an essential requirement for an American doctorate since you need to present your rationale behind the thesis.US doctorates begin with taught classes and assessments in the form of a comprehensive exam. Upon completion of which a student finalises their dissertation topic and start with the research.

Duration of PhD

Usually, the duration of PhD in the US is four to six years (full time). In which you’ll spend Year 1 to Year 4 on the coursework stage of the program and Year 2 to Year 4 on the dissertation.The academic year in the US includes two teaching semesters i.e., August-December and January-May. During this time your classes and assessments will take place.

Types of PhD

Mostly, the US universities award the standard PhD or as an academic doctorate, which is equal to PhDs in other countries. However, some programs award professional doctorate degrees which include practical projects and case studies in addition to academic classes and dissertation research like the DBA (Doctor of Business Administration) and EdD (Doctor of Education).The last type of ‘doctoral’ qualification is for students who seek to qualify for regulated professions like law or medicine, for example, JD (Doctor of Laws) and MD (Doctor of Medicine) degrees which are different from academic doctorates.

Eligibility criteria for PhD programs

The eligibility criteria vary as per the institution and stream of the study program. However, the basic requirements are the same across fields:

16 years of educational background

Exceptional academic results in both levels i.e., undergraduate and master’s

GMAT scores for post-doctoral management programs (some might ask for GRE test scores)

Results of English language proficiency tests such as the IELTS

Academic and research projects, internships, or publications

Popular fields of PhD study in the US

Biological Sciences

Anthropology

Engineering

Cost of pursuing PhD in the US

Many American institutions offer PhD programmes therefore, the fees for the same vary a lot. However, actual fees depend upon public and private institutions and sometimes on a students’ resident status:

Public institutions offer PhD degree normally at an average of $12,737 annually, but for international students, it may be higher

Private institutions offer PhD at an average of $43,300 annually on graduate programs to all students

Also Read - How you can finance your education in the USA The modern PhD is a dynamic qualification to develop a wide range of transferrable skills. Therefore, the job market for PhD graduates is quite diverse. Besides, many students pursue careers in higher education including administration and leadership positions and academic posts. While others use their research and teaching expertise into professions of secondary and further education or public administration or industry

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Financing Your Education - Doctoral Programs

A doctoral degree is a significant investment in your future, and financing your education is a critical factor to consider. While the funding we provide covers the basic standard cost of attendance determined by Stanford University for a modest life as a graduate student, accepting an offer from a doctoral program has significant personal, professional, and financial implications. Below you’ll find information on GSE and Stanford financial support for doctoral students, as well as other important considerations when it comes to financing your PhD.

Funding guarantee

Stanford GSE offers all admitted PhD students a five-year funding package that provides tuition aid, fellowship stipend, and assistantship salary which covers the standard cost of attendance. The funding is based on meeting the basic financial need of the student alone for the first five academic years of the doctoral program and entails assistantship work. The cornerstone of the GSE doctoral experience is the apprenticeship that all students undertake, typically under the guidance of their academic advisor, but often with other Stanford faculty as well. In this apprenticeship model, doctoral students are provided with a funding package that consists of opportunities to serve as teaching and research assistants for faculty members' courses and research projects. By this means, and in combination with the coursework, students are prepared to excel as university faculty, education researchers, and leaders in the field.

All funding is contingent upon satisfactory academic progress and performance on the research and teaching assistantships. There is no separate application for this funding.

Assistantships

As part of the academic and professional training and development, students undertake assistantships which provide both salary and tuition. Research assistantships are funded by faculty research grants, other faculty funds or as needed, by the GSE Dean’s Office, and can lead to joint publications with faculty or to dissertation topics. Students who have sufficient expertise and experience may also be selected as teaching assistants for courses at the GSE or other Stanford schools and departments. Assistantships are typically secured in consultation with faculty advisors. Students work 10 hours (25% assistantship) or 20 hours (50% assistantship) a week depending on their year in the program. 

• Research assistantship (RA): Various duties for research projects
• Teaching assistantships (3 types):
• Course Assistant (CA)—course preparation and grading
• Teaching Assistant (TA)—leads regularly-scheduled discussion sections
• Teaching Affiliate (TF)—full responsibility for course

Funding Details 2023-2024

Note: The above figures reflect 2023-2024 rates. Actual amounts will be adjusted to the rates for 2024-25 and future years.

Cost of attendance

Tuition depends on the units taken by the student. In addition to tuition expenses, the cost of attendance of a PhD program involves living expenses such as rent, food, and transportation. The sum of tuition and non-tuition expenses constitutes the standard cost of attendance. 

As you consider applying to graduate school, you can use the standard cost of attendance of your program —plus any additional expenses you might have—to create your financial plan, keeping in mind that tuition and non-tuition expenses of the standard cost of attendance are set by the university on an annual basis.

What you can do now to prepare financially if admitted

• Prepare for how your standard of living may change as a graduate student, especially if you are coming from a full-time job.
• Consider the length of your program, any dependents, existing debt, and additional financial commitments you may have. Students with children may review Stanford support programs for families.
• If you have personal or special circumstances that require additional expenses above and beyond the standard cost of attendance, plan accordingly.
• Start saving as much as you are able to cover any unexpected expenses you may incur while in graduate school.
• Familiarize yourself with federal as well as private student loans, their interest rates, fees, repayment options, deferment policies, and eligibility requirements, so that you are informed if you need to borrow.
• Be ready to cover all initial expenses, since fellowships and stipends will not be disbursed until a few weeks into your first quarter. Onboarding into a PhD program often requires up front out of pocket expenses for relocation.

Additional GSE resources

Once PhD students matriculate, the GSE has a variety of resources available to support academic work and unanticipated needs.

Students are eligible for up to three travel fellowships during their time at GSE if they are attending a conference or other professional development opportunity.

GSE Student Emergency Fund assists graduate students who experience a financial emergency or unanticipated expenses causing financial hardship. This fund is meant to support those who cannot reasonably resolve their financial difficulty through fellowships, loans, or personal resources. 

GSE Dissertation Support Grants help advanced PhD students who require additional financial support for dissertation research activities. These grants, available at up to $6,500 total per student, are available to students who do not have access to other funds to cover their dissertation costs.

Stanford University resources

Knight-Hennessy Scholars (KHS) program aims to prepare the next generation of global leaders to address the increasingly complex challenges facing the world. The program selects up to 100 students each year and provides three years of financial support that is integrated into the GSE’s funding package for PhD students.

Vice Provost for Graduate Education awards various fellowships for doctoral students and maintains a list of other Stanford fellowships that students may consider.

Cardinal Care subsidy is an automatic university-wide subsidy program for graduate students. Vaden Health Center manages the university’s Cardinal Care student health insurance.

Stanford Financial Aid Office oversees a number of financial support programs specifically for graduate students with challenging financial situations. 

Additional hourly work is available to students who wish to work for pay as "casual labor" at Stanford up to eight hours a week, provided work does not adversely affect the academic program. Requires approval from the student’s advisor and the Academic Services team.

Other funding sources

External fellowships are integrated into the GSE’s funding package. There are many funding opportunities offered outside of Stanford. The GSE admissions team has compiled an external fellowships and grants document for you to explore, though you should plan to do your own research as well. International students can find additional sources of funding on the Institute of International Education’s (IIE) Funding for U.S. Study website and this publication .

Stanford is committed to providing benefits through the Yellow Ribbon Program of the Post-9/11 GI Bill® to students in degree-seeking programs. GSE students who qualify for Chapter 33 benefits at the 100% level may be eligible for additional funding through the Yellow Ribbon Program. Please note that for GSE students receiving tuition fellowship funding, the Yellow Ribbon match may reduce and in some cases replace institutional grants and scholarships. For instructions, visit the page, Activate VA Education Benefits at Stanford .

International students are guaranteed the same funding package as domestic students. However, there may be restrictions regarding the number of hours and opportunities to work during the summer months. To learn more, please contact the Bechtel International Center .

To meet immigration regulations, international students must show proof of adequate financial support to cover the length of time of their graduate program. While international students are not eligible for U.S. federal loan programs, they may qualify for private/alternative loans. Many lenders, however, require that a U.S. citizen or permanent resident co-sign the loan. You can find information and tools to help you choose private loan programs most frequently used by Stanford students here. A comprehensive list of private loan programs is available at FinAid.org .

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Tuition, Fees, and Ph.D. Stipends

NOTE: All numbers below require annual approval by the Board of Trustees

Last updated August 27, 2024

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  * - Projected rates for tuition, fees, and stipends are tentative and subject to change.

** - For longer term projections, the tuition remission rate can be assumed to increase 0.7% per year.

*** - Teaching assistant and grader rates are established by the Trinity College of Arts and Sciences.

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PhD Program Costs

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Costs listed below reflect the 2024-2025 academic year.

Most of our PhD programs are fully funded, meaning that for 4-5 years, the program will pay for your tuition and fees, as well as provide you with a stipend. In 2024-25, the University minimum stipend is $39,425; some PhD programs provide more. After your guaranteed funding period, you may be responsible for paying reduced tuition and fees. These details can be explained by the PhD program to which you are applying. Living expenses and the cost of books should also be considered as you plan your budget for the academic year. 

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PhD in USA for Indian Students

Learn everything you need to know about studying for a PhD

in the USA and get our end-to-end expert guidance.

Learn everything you need to know about studying for a PhD in the USA and get our end-to-end expert guidance.

The USA has become a hub of academic excellence in the field of academia and research. Many scholars pursue a PhD in USA due to the advanced research technology and access to information that the institutions of the USA have. Various factors like the quality of education, resources and facilities, presence of reputed institutions, adequate funding, worldwide networking opportunities and a diverse and inclusive environment make the USA an excellent choice for a PhD.

The tuition for PhD varies as per the discipline and institute chosen. For example, public universities are more cost effective than private ones. Scholarships and financial aid is also provided to promising students. The PhD stipend in the USA also varies from institution to institution and also the course taken.

Why Pursue a PhD Program in USA?

The United States is a widely preferred country for pursuing a PhD for several key reasons:

• Quality of Education: The US is home to many of the world’s top ranked universities, known for their academic excellence and innovative research programs. US universities are world leaders when it comes to research.
• Resources and Facilities: With cutting edge equipment and laboratories, along with access to latest technology, the PhD programs in USA provide students with state of the art facilities to excel in their discipline. Apart from laboratories, The US also has extensive libraries and databases to support indepth research.
• Funding Opportunities: Numerous scholarships , fellowships, and research grants are available to PhD students. These are often funded by universities or the government. Many students also receive financial support through assistantship programs and stipends.
• Networking: PhD programs in USA allow students to receive maximum exposure with academic scholars and leading professionals worldwide.
• Diversity: The US is known for bringing together inclusive batches to promote diversity and a culturally rich background.
• Career prospects: The popularity and excellence of the US universities make way for wide career prospects throughout the globe.

How Much Does it Cost to Do a PhD in the USA?

The cost of PhD in USA varies significantly across institutions and disciplines. The cost of doing a PhD in the USA is roughly between 28000 USD and 40,000 USD . Public universities in the USA provide PhD programs at a subsidized rate as compared to private universities.

Private universities in the USA usually charge somewhat higher than public universities, depending on the reputation, faculty, and facilities provided. Additionally, living expenses , health insurance, books, and miscellaneous fees may add another 20,00 USD on average per year.

Many PhD programs in USA offer substantial funding through research and teaching assistantships, fellowships and grants which may cover tuition and give stipends which may range from 20,000 USD to 30,000 USD per year.

Requirements to Study Phd in US Universities

Academic Prerequisites

• Bachelor’s Degree : Must have a bachelor's degree from an accredited institution.
• Master’s Degree : Preferred or required for some programs.
• GPA: Generally, a minimum GPA of 3.0 on a 4.0 scale, though competitive programs may require higher.
• Prerequisite Courses: Specific undergraduate or master’s level coursework relevant to the Ph.D. program.

GRE: Graduate Record Examination scores, though some programs may waive this requirement.

Language Proficiency

• TOEFL : Test of English as a Foreign Language, usually a minimum score of 80/100 on the iBT.
• IELTS : International English Language Testing System, typically a minimum score of 6.57.0.
• PTE : Pearson Test of English, sometimes accepted with a score requirement of 5570.
• Waivers: Possible if the applicant has completed a degree in an English Speaking Country.

Documentation

• Transcripts: Official transcripts of all institutions after the secondary level.
• Letters of Recommendation : Usually, 3 letters from academic or professional references.
• Statement of Purpose : An essay outlining academic interests, research goals, and reasons for choosing the specific program.
• CV: Must contain detailed information about academics, any previous research experience, available publications, and all relevant work experience.
• Writing Sample: Required by some programs, particularly in humanities and social sciences.
• Research Proposal: Sometimes needed, particularly for direct entry PhD programs.
• Application Fee: Varies by institution, typically from USD 50 to USD 100.

Other Requirements

• Interview: Candidates may need to attend an in-person or video interview for some courses.
• Portfolio: For applicants to programs in fields like Fine Arts or Architecture.

Visa Requirements

• Form I20: Issued by the university upon admission, required to apply for the F1 student visa.
• SEVIS Fee: Payment of the SEVIS I901 fee.
• Visa Application: Completion of the visa form and payment of the visa application fee.
• Passport: Valid for a minimum of 6 months after the intended stay duration.
• Financial Proof: Documentation demonstrating sufficient funds to cover tuition and living expenses for at least one year.
• Visa Interview: The U.S. consulate or embassy in the prospective student’s country conducts the interview.
• Health Insurance: Proof of health insurance coverage, either provided by the university or independently acquired.

These detailed requirements ensure that prospective PhD students are well prepared and meet the standards expected by US universities.

How Many Years Does it Take for a PhD Degree in the USA?

A PhD program in USA typically ranges for 4-8 years, varying based on the field of study. For example, a course in the sciences takes about 5-7 years whereas a course in humanities may take up to 6-8 years due to the time taken in extensive research. A PhD in business may take up to 4 years, while engineering and social sciences can take up to 5-6 years.

How to Select the Right US Universities for PhD?

These are the steps to decide how to choose the universities for a PhD in USA.

Step 1: Identify your academic and career goals.

Step 2: Research potential universities and evaluate program requirements.

Step 3: Consider location and campus life.

Step 4: Review financial aid and scholarships

Step 5: Check accreditation and reputation.

Step 6: Assess research facilities and resources. You can also seek advice and gather information.

Step 7: Review application procedures and finalize your choices.

Researching about the program you’d like to enroll in the future is crucial for your academic stability. Choosing a course you may enjoy at the finest university you can enroll in is recommended.

PhD Scholarships in USA for Indian Students

Below is a summary of PhD scholarships for Indian students who wish to take up a PhD program in USA.

These are only a few scholarships as there are multiple scholarships available according to the course and universities.

Can I Work while Doing a PhD in USA?

While there are no restrictions on working while doing a PhD in the USA, there are a few specific conditions:

• On-Campus Employment: International students (F1 visa) can work up to 20 hours per week during the academic year and full-time during breaks.
• Assistantships: Many PhD students work as teaching assistants (TAs) or research assistants (RAs), which provide a stipend and often cover tuition.
• Off-Campus Employment: Requires authorization through Curricular Practical Training (CPT) or Optional Practical Training (OPT) for work related to your field of study.
• University Policies: Check specific university policies and restrictions regarding employment while pursuing your PhD.

Balancing work and PhD studies can be challenging, but these opportunities provide financial support and valuable experience. Always consult your university's international student office for specific regulations and opportunities.

Pursuing a PhD in USA is a significant investment in your future, offering opportunities for advanced research, academic growth, and career advancement. The process involves selecting the right university, navigating admission requirements, and securing financial aid through scholarships and assistantships.

AECC is your one-stop solution if you want to do a PhD in the USA. Connect with our counsellors for detailed guidance on everything you need to know to fulfil your dreams.

Book your FREE consultation with Certified Counsellors

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Study Ph.D. in the USA: Requirements and Application Process

The purpose of the article is to guide and inform anyone interested in pursuing a Ph.D. program in the USA. With its diverse academic programs , distinguished faculty, and state-of-the-art research facilities, the USA is a top destination for pursuing a Ph.D.

If you are a prospective doctoral student or someone interested in embarking on an academic journey, this article will offer you crucial information on effectively navigating your application, along with valuable tips and insights to improve your prospects.

Ph.D. Degree Admission Requirements

Several general requirements must be met by Ph.D. applicants in the USA. Here are some commonly required qualifications and documents.

Do keep in mind that qualification and document requirements may vary between institutions and programs. You are advised to refer to official university websites for detailed information.

Language Proficiency Tests Needed for Doctoral Studies

English proficiency tests like the IELTS (International English Language Testing System) or TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) are typically required when applying for doctoral programs in the USA. The minimum overall required score for IELTS is generally 6.5 – 7.0, while the TOEFL requires a score of 80 – 100.

With English being the officially spoken language in the USA, institutions like Stanford University , MIT , and Harvard University , offer English-taught programs. However, it is possible to find programs conducted in other languages as well. For instance, Columbia University offers several Ph.D. programs that require proficiency in French for enrollment. Individuals interested in non-English programs should reach out to specific universities or departments or look up official university websites for accurate information on language requirements.

Ph.D. Degree Application Process

The application process for a Ph.D. program in the USA involves thorough preparation and planning. Typically, this includes following several admissions steps, which are briefly discussed below.

Step 1. Search and Decide a Doctoral Program

Start by conducting thorough research to determine institutions and Ph.D. programs that meet your research and academic interests. You may also consider additional factors like faculty expertise, research opportunities, funding options, and program reputation.

Stanford University offers numerous Ph.D. programs from natural sciences, and computer science, to humanities. MIT , on the other hand, focuses more on providing graduate programs in STEM fields such as engineering, architecture, and computer science.

Step 2. Check Admission Requirements

Once you have decided and have trimmed down the list of universities and programs that interest you, look up and collect detailed information about their admissions requirements. These requirements would generally include academic transcripts, statement of purpose , standardized test scores , letters of recommendation , and additional materials like a portfolio or writing sample.

Step 3. Organize Application Materials

It is advised that you start preparing your application material well in advance. This would involve gathering academic transcripts from any institution you may have previously attended, securing recommendation letters from individuals who can attest to your academic potential and abilities, documenting a solid statement of purpose highlighting your goals and research interests, and putting together any additional materials required.

For instance, many institutions including the likes of Harvard University and Cornell University , offer several doctoral programs in various study areas. The application process of both institutions requires applicants to submit various documents alongside their application. This includes academic transcripts, standardized test scores, letters of recommendation, statements of purpose, and portfolios among others.

It is important to note that there may be specific admissions requirements like additional portfolio submissions, involved in some universities or programs.

Step 4. Prepare Standardized Tests

Standardized tests such as the GRE , GMAT , IELTS , or TOEFL are also typical requirements for doctoral programs. You are advised to take these tests well in advance to avoid any delays when submitting your application.

Step 5. Submit Online Application

You would be required to complete and submit the online application form for each Ph.D. program you are applying for. Ensure that the application and the necessary materials and documents are submitted by the deadline.

Step 6. Attend Interviews or Presentations

Interviews or presentations may be an essential aspect of your admissions process for most Ph.D. programs. If you are requested to attend an interview, ensure you are well prepared to showcase your skills, knowledge, and suitability with the program during the interaction.

Step 7. Await Admission Decision

Once your application is submitted, you must wait for the admissions decision. The time taken for reviewing applications and sending out admissions decisions will vary between programs and institutions. After you receive your offer, carefully consider the conditions and terms before declining or accepting.

FAQs: Ph.D. Application Process in the USA

Is it expensive to study ph.d. in the usa.

No, it is not expensive to study Ph.D. in the United States. Most Ph.D. programs are fully funded, especially for top universities and programs in STEM. For example, the graduate program page at Princeton states “Princeton fully funds every Ph.D. student, offering tailored support across all years of regular program enrollment.” This can be in the form of assistantships, fellowships, and financial aid, but in whatever form, all Ph.D. students are fully funded. There are numerous examples like this, such as UPenn, where the graduate page states “Penn offers full funding packages for most Ph.D. students, which include scholarships covering tuition and fees, stipends for four years or more, medical insurance, and fitness center memberships.” The same goes for UC Berkeley’s Ph.D in Chemistry, which states, “Students admitted to our Ph.D. graduate program receive a stipend for the duration of study in the form of teaching and/or research assistantships…”

So for the most part, you have to be admitted, and you should get funding for Ph.D. programs. The funding varies by department, so you should see if the department of the university that you are interested in offers funding for Ph.D. students.

To conclude, pursuing a doctoral program in the USA will typically require careful preparation and planning. As applicants, by carefully comprehending the requirements and heeding the application process, you can enhance your chances of gaining admission and successfully pursuing your academic journey.

We hope that this article on the cheap universities in Colorado was helpful. To know more information on studying abroad, check out the  Available Programs for International Students .

About the Author: Hyun Lee

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• Study Abroad

Cost of PhD in the USA – Complete Analysis

• Universities in USA

Updated on 16 April, 2024

upGrad Abroad Team

Upgrad abroad editorial team.

The United States of America is not only the most sought-after study destination in the world but also offers a unique experience to international students from all over the world. When compared to other countries, graduate programs in the USA are relatively more structured based on major and minor degrees that facilitate extensive training along with independent research. 

Table of Contents

• What is a Ph.D.?

How do Ph.D. Programs Work?

• Admission Requirements for Indian Students
• Top Universities in the USA for PhD
• Cost of Living in the USA

Alternatives to a PhD

Frequently asked questions, what is a ph.d. .

Ph.D. is an acronym for Doctor of Philosophy. It is a globally recognized postgraduate academic degree that requires students to complete a thesis or dissertation based on thorough and original research in their field of study.

In most countries, a Ph.D. degree is a minimum qualification that qualifies an individual to teach their chosen subject in the universities or work as an expert in their chosen field. 

Generally, the length of a Ph.D. program is three to four years in which a student works on an original research project presented as a thesis or dissertation. The Ph.D. programs differ from the universities’ requirements, while some universities require a student to submit a publication and not course work, others may ask for both to meet their criteria for selection.

Along with the research project, the students are also required to give a viva or oral presentation for their Ph.D. in front of the examiners and research students, which lasts for about two to three hours.

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Admission Requirements for Indian Students 

To get admission into Ph.D. programs in the USA, students are required to fulfill the following criteria:

• An honors degree
• A master’s degree with excellent academic performance
• Proof of language proficiency in which a student intends to study, if it is English then IELTS or TOEFL scores are needed
• Academic/ Employment references
• Personal statements
• Ph.D. research proposals

Note: There may be some additional admissions requirements that students may be required to meet depending on the program they are applying into.

Top Universities in the USA for PhD 

Some of the top universities in the USA that offer PhD programs are listed below 

Cost of Living in the USA 

Along with the tuition fees for Ph.D. programs, students should acquaint themselves with the estimated living costs to sustain themselves.

In general, living expenses include accommodation costs, utilities, transportation, and food expenses. Although the cost of living varies with the territory a student chooses to reside in, the average costs for each category are enlisted in the table below:

There are many alternatives to research degree in which the research conducted by the students gets published in peer-reviewed journals. One form of such research degree is called MD (Doctor of medicine) and is considered equivalent to a Ph.D. in some countries. 

Some universities offer dual degree programs that offer both professional and research training. These programs are called MD-PhD programs. Medical professionals willing to make their career in research can opt for these programs. Other degrees in the USA that are similar to a Ph.D. are as follows:

• Doctor of Science (DSc)
• Doctor of Juridical Science
• Doctor of the Science of Law and Doctor of Theology

Funding and Work Opportunities

Although the USA shares a reputation of being the most expensive country for higher education, there also exist excellent opportunities to fund one’s Ph.D. Some of these opportunities come in the form of fully funded Ph.D. programs that remit all the tuition fee expenses. To fund your Ph.D. journey, you need to bear in mind some of the key points that are listed below:

If you are an international student you will not be charged more than the state student in public universities. Private universities do not differentiate between state and international students. Also, many universities have the provision of full-ride Ph.D. scholarships dedicated solely to meritorious students that cover their tuition fees and living expenses. Fulbright commission offers several funding opportunities for international students to execute their research in the USA. USA nationals can avail of federal loans to complete their research in the USA. 

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When it comes to work and employment opportunities, many universities offer assistantships to their Ph.D. students. This is a form of employment opportunity wherein there is a fee waiver or a stipend in return for the fulfillment of a selection of responsibilities. Some of the assistantships are as follows:

• Graduate Teaching Assistantship
• Administrative Assistantship
• Fellowships
• Research Assistantship

Besides this, there is a graduate research fellowship program run by the National Science Foundation. This federal grant scheme is limited to talented STEM graduates in the USA providing them with multiple benefits like a $34,000 annual stipend and tuition fee allowance of $12,000 for three years.

Also Read: 

• What is the acceptable study gap in the USA?
• A guide on IELTS Score to study in the USA
• Here are 50 Interesting Facts about the USA
• Key Requirements for Studying in the USA
• A guide to settle in the USA from India!
• All about the cost of studying in the USA!
• Part-Time Job Options in the USA for International Students

What is the average cost of a Ph.D. from the USA?

The average cost for pursuing a Ph.D. degree differs from university to university. It also depends on the status of the students whether he or she forms a part of in-state or out-of-state students. In the case of in-state students, it costs approx $12,410 for a year. For out-of-state or international students the cost is higher than $12,410.

What are the work opportunities during the Ph.D.?

There are myriad work opportunities for a student pursuing a Ph.D. He can enroll in the assistantship programs sponsored by the same university and teach the graduate students and in exchange, he can earn a stipend. Apart from this, they can also enroll themselves in various research-based work or administrative work.

What is the average cost of expenditure that one incurs when pursuing a Ph.D. in the USA?

The average cost of expenditure varies on an individual basis. However, the estimate falls under the range of $93,226 or more(including tuition fees, accommodation, food, etc ) each year.

What are some of the premier institutes in the USA to pursue a Ph.D. from?

There are many premier institutes in the USA to pursue a Ph.D. based on your area of interest like Harvard University, University of Chicago, Yale University, and Johns Hopkins University to name a few.

We are a dedicated team of study-abroad experts, ensuring intensive research and comprehensive information in each of our blogs. With every piece written, we aim at simplifying the overseas education process for all. Our diverse experience as journalists, content writers, editors, content strategists, and marketers helps create the most relevant and authentic blogs for our readers.

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The US is considered to be a top destination when it comes to studying for a PhD degree. It is home to the world's best, widely renowned universities that will k ickstart your doctorate career with endless possibilities. You can also get the benefits to do research with top university professors in your chosen field. Apart from that , some other reasons why you should consider the USA for a PhD include its innovative experiential learning, right resources and the brilliant education system.

The annual cost of PhD in USA from the top universities ranges from 28,531 USD to 57,590 USD. On average, studying a PhD in USA for Indian students is between 15 to 62 lakhs. The best time to apply for this program is August and May. This blog will help you to know more about the different colleges, PhD fees in USA, living expenses, miscellaneous costs & more.

Factors Influencing Overall Cost of Studying PhD in USA

The cost of Studying PhD in USA includes the university tuition fees and your cost of living. Once you go through the overall costs of PhD in the USA then it may seem you quite a bit because the living expenses in the USA are on the higher side and may change based on your location. Factors which influence the overall costs are categorised are:

• The tuition fees of PhD in USA
• Living costs of PhD in USA
• Pre-arrival and post-arrival cost.

But before we discuss the PhD tuition fees in USA, let's take a glance at the pre-arrival costs for PhD in the USA:

Cost of Studying in USA

Pre Arrival Costs to Study PhD in USA

Before starting your journey to study in  USA , there are some other costs you need to add to your PhD in USA fee structure. Here we have considered a list of fees you have to pay in the pre arrival costs in the country.

Entrance Exam

Flight tickets, medical checkup, student visa fees, medical insurance.

Let's have a look at each of the cost one by one:

The English language Tests such as TOEFL or IELTS are well known entrance exams in the list of PhD fees in USA for Indian students. The IELTS and TOEFL are accepted by most colleges in the USA. Apart from the language test, international students will also have to pass the GRE or GMAT test to be considered for admission. The cost of these entrance exams are given below:

The average time required to travel from India to the US is around 15 hours and 15 minutes. Although, the flight fares from India to USA might vary based on the airline you are choosing. However, the average ticket price may vary between INR 48,999 to INR 91,999.

Most US universities require international students to submit their health policies and programmes before the date of your arrival. It is recommended that students must have their own insurance coverage at universities who are not offering any school sponsored plan. Along with PhD fees in USA for Indian students, the medical check costs range between INR 14,500 to INR 21,000.

The US Student Visa fees is also a key factor in the pre arrival cost of doing PhD in USA. These costs may vary from the type of your US student visa and the visitor type. The student visa for PhD in usa for indian students cost are given below:

Everything About DS-160 Form for US Student Visa

Your health insurance is also a factor in determining the cost of PhD in USA for international students. The estimated cost to pay for one health insurance ranges between INR 38,000 to INR 77,0000 per year. This may depend on your level purchased, however it will increase dramatically for older students.

These are some pre arrival costs you have to pay before starting your PhD admission. Let's take a look at the post arrival costs that are required for PhD in USA for Indian students cost or fee structure:

Post Arrival Costs to Study PhD in USA

The structure of the cost of PhD in USA may contain some post arrival costs too that you have to spend after arriving in the country. Here we have given some expenses that you have to pay after arriving in the country.

Tuition Fees

Cost of living.

To study a PhD course in the USA, the tuition fees range from 28,531 USD to 57,590 USD per year. So, the tuition fees of Phd in USA for Indian structure fees ranges between INR 15 Lakhs to 62 Lakhs per year.

On the other hand, the living costs in the USA are around 1,200 USD to 2,500 USD per month. These costs may include all your extra expenses such as accommodation fees, room, board, food, travel, study materials etc.

Now that we understand about the pre arrival and post arrival costs for an international student looking to study in the USA. Let's discuss the cost of studying for a PhD in the USA:

Cost of Studying PhD in USA

The PhD tuition fees in USA is one of the critical aspects in deciding the costs of studying a PhD in the USA. The PhD course fees in the USA range between 28,531 USD to 57,590 USD based upon the type of your university and the specialisation.

To help you with the tuition fees, here we have given an overview of some of the top universities along with the PhD fees in USA for international students.

Part-Time Jobs in USA for Indian Students

Cost of Living While Studying PhD in USA

The next element that impacts the cost of studying PhD in the USA for Indian students is their living costs. On an average, you have to spend around 10,000 to 20,000 USD per year to live in the US.

Most of the living expenses of your would be rent from the accommodation facilities, groceries, transportation, food, internet and other miscellaneous expenses etc. However, this may differ from one student to another and the lifestyle they choose.

Here is an overview of the cost of living in the USA:

Scholarships for Indian Students to Study in USA

So this was all about the cost of PhD in USA. If you could manage your expenses in the US, it would be easy for you to enjoy your academic and social life there. The US has always been on the top list for studying for a PhD in study abroad. Now that you have the complete information regarding the average cost of PhD in USA, it is easier for you to plan the journey. However, if you need any assistance regarding PhD in the USA, do connect with our Yocket Professionals now.

Frequently Asked Questions About Cost of PhD in USA

Is GRE required for PhD in the USA?

Yes. The GRE is required to apply for admission to PhD courses in the USA. You must have at least 300 or above in order to be eligible for admission at US universities.

How much does it cost to do a PhD in the USA for Indian students?

The tuition fees for PhD in the USA are estimated between 28,000 USD to 57,000 USD per year. However, the universities might waive a significant portion of the total tuition fees for deserving students.

How many years is the PhD program in the USA?

In total, the total duration of a PhD program in the US is usually 4 to 6 years on a full-time basis. Students need to spend 1 to 4 years on the coursework stage of their program and 2 to 4 years working on the dissertation.

What do the living expenses for PhD in the USA include?

The living expenses for studying PhD in the USA include your accommodation fees, books and supplies, transportation, food, electricity, recreational expenses, and other miscellaneous expenses.

What is your monthly expenditure for the cost of PhD in the USA for Indian students?

On average, students need to spend between 950 USD to 1,750 USD per month that including everything. If you are studying for a PhD in the USA, you will end up spending around 16,500 USD (1,315,001 INR) in a year.

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Top 10 Fellowships to Do a PhD in the USA

Top 10 fellowships to do a phd in the usa: funding your research endeavors.

Doing a PhD in the USA can be a significant investment in your academic and professional future. However, the cost of tuition, living expenses, and research can be daunting, particularly for international students. Luckily, there are many fellowships and scholarships available to support PhD scholars in their research endeavors. In this article, ilovephd explore the top 10 fellowships to do a PhD in the USA.

1. Fulbright Foreign Student Program

Fulbright Foreign Student Program: The Fulbright program is one of the most prestigious fellowships available to international students. It provides funding for graduate students, scholars, and professionals to study or conduct research in the USA for up to one year.

2. National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship

National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship: The NSF GRFP is a highly competitive fellowship that provides three years of funding for graduate study in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.

3. Ford Foundation Fellowship Program

Ford Foundation Fellowship Program: The Ford Foundation Fellowship Program provides funding for PhD students who are committed to promoting diversity and social justice in academia and other fields.

4. Paul and Daisy Soros Fellowship for New Americans

Paul and Daisy Soros Fellowship for New Americans: The Soros Fellowship provides funding for graduate study for immigrants and children of immigrants. It aims to support outstanding individuals who have demonstrated creativity, originality, and initiative.

5. American Association of University Women (AAUW) International Fellowship

American Association of University Women (AAUW) International Fellowship: The AAUW International Fellowship supports women scholars from around the world who are pursuing graduate study in the USA.

6. Hertz Foundation Fellowship

Hertz Foundation Fellowship: The Hertz Foundation Fellowship provides funding for PhD students in applied physical, biological, and engineering sciences. It aims to support students who show exceptional creativity and potential to innovate.

7. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) International Student Research Fellowship

Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) International Student Research Fellowship: The HHMI fellowship supports international students who are pursuing research in the biomedical sciences.

8. Microsoft Research PhD Fellowship

Microsoft Research PhD Fellowship: The Microsoft Research PhD Fellowship provides funding for graduate students who are conducting research in computer science, electrical engineering, or mathematics.

9. Social Science Research Council (SSRC) International Dissertation Research Fellowship

Social Science Research Council (SSRC) International Dissertation Research Fellowship: The SSRC fellowship provides funding for PhD students in the social sciences who are conducting research outside of the USA.

10. National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship

National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship: The NDSEG Fellowship provides funding for PhD students who are pursuing research in science and engineering fields that are relevant to national security.

In conclusion, pursuing a PhD in the USA can be a significant investment in your academic and professional future. However, the cost of tuition, living expenses, and research can be daunting, particularly for international students.

Luckily, there are many fellowships and scholarships available to support PhD scholars in their research endeavors. The fellowships listed above are just a few of the many options available to students.

By applying for and securing a fellowship, you can make your academic dreams a reality while minimizing financial burdens.

Also Read: List of PhD and Postdoc Fellowships in India

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480 UGC CARE List of Journals – Science – 2024

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• POSTDOC 317
• Interesting 257
• Journals 236
• Fellowship 134
• Research Methodology 102
• All Scopus Indexed Journals 94

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