a great leader mahatma gandhi essay

Essay on Mahatma Gandhi – Contributions and Legacy of Mahatma Gandhi

500+ words essay on mahatma gandhi.

Essay on Mahatma Gandhi – Mahatma Gandhi was a great patriotic Indian, if not the greatest. He was a man of an unbelievably great personality. He certainly does not need anyone like me praising him. Furthermore, his efforts for Indian independence are unparalleled. Most noteworthy, there would have been a significant delay in independence without him. Consequently, the British because of his pressure left India in 1947. In this essay on Mahatma Gandhi, we will see his contribution and legacy.

Contributions of Mahatma Gandhi

First of all, Mahatma Gandhi was a notable public figure. His role in social and political reform was instrumental. Above all, he rid the society of these social evils. Hence, many oppressed people felt great relief because of his efforts. Gandhi became a famous international figure because of these efforts. Furthermore, he became the topic of discussion in many international media outlets.

Mahatma Gandhi made significant contributions to environmental sustainability. Most noteworthy, he said that each person should consume according to his needs. The main question that he raised was “How much should a person consume?”. Gandhi certainly put forward this question.

Furthermore, this model of sustainability by Gandhi holds huge relevance in current India. This is because currently, India has a very high population . There has been the promotion of renewable energy and small-scale irrigation systems. This was due to Gandhiji’s campaigns against excessive industrial development.

Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence is probably his most important contribution. This philosophy of non-violence is known as Ahimsa. Most noteworthy, Gandhiji’s aim was to seek independence without violence. He decided to quit the Non-cooperation movement after the Chauri-Chaura incident . This was due to the violence at the Chauri Chaura incident. Consequently, many became upset at this decision. However, Gandhi was relentless in his philosophy of Ahimsa.

Secularism is yet another contribution of Gandhi. His belief was that no religion should have a monopoly on the truth. Mahatma Gandhi certainly encouraged friendship between different religions.

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Legacy of Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi has influenced many international leaders around the world. His struggle certainly became an inspiration for leaders. Such leaders are Martin Luther King Jr., James Beve, and James Lawson. Furthermore, Gandhi influenced Nelson Mandela for his freedom struggle. Also, Lanza del Vasto came to India to live with Gandhi.

The awards given to Mahatma Gandhi are too many to discuss. Probably only a few nations remain which have not awarded Mahatma Gandhi.

In conclusion, Mahatma Gandhi was one of the greatest political icons ever. Most noteworthy, Indians revere by describing him as the “father of the nation”. His name will certainly remain immortal for all generations.

Essay Topics on Famous Leaders

• Mahatma Gandhi
• APJ Abdul Kalam
• Jawaharlal Nehru
• Swami Vivekananda
• Mother Teresa
• Rabindranath Tagore
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
• Subhash Chandra Bose
• Abraham Lincoln
• Martin Luther King

FAQs on Mahatma Gandhi

Q.1 Why Mahatma Gandhi decided to stop Non-cooperation movement?

A.1 Mahatma Gandhi decided to stop the Non-cooperation movement. This was due to the infamous Chauri-Chaura incident. There was significant violence at this incident. Furthermore, Gandhiji was strictly against any kind of violence.

Q.2 Name any two leaders influenced by Mahatma Gandhi?

A.2 Two leaders influenced by Mahatma Gandhi are Martin Luther King Jr and Nelson Mandela.

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• Mahatma Gandhi Essay in English

Important Essay on Mahatma Gandhi for Students in English

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, often called the 'Father of the Nation' , was a leader who fought for India's freedom from British rule. He believed in non-violence. Every year on October 2nd, Mahatma Gandhi's birthday is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti to honour his efforts in freeing India.

Also Read:- Mahatma Gandhi Story

Short Mahatma Gandhi Essay in English

Rabindranath Tagore was the first to call Gandhiji 'Mahatma,' which means 'Great Soul' in Sanskrit. His wise ideas and beliefs led people to respect and call him 'Mahatma Gandhi.' His dedication to the country and efforts to turn his ideas into reality makes Indians around the world very proud of him.

According to Mahatma Gandhi’s biography, he was born on October 2, 1869 , in Porbandar, a coastal town in the present-day Indian state of Gujarat. He grew up in a Hindu family and ate basic vegetarian meals. His dad, Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi, was an important leader in Porbandar State. In South Africa, he was the first to lead a peaceful protest movement, setting him apart from other demonstrators. Mahatma Gandhi also introduced the idea of Satyagraha, a nonviolent approach to opposing unfairness. He devoted 20 years of his life to battling discrimination in South Africa.

His idea of 'Ahimsa,' which means not hurting anyone, was widely admired and followed by many influential people worldwide. He became an indomitable figure who couldn't be defeated in any situation. Mahatma Gandhi initiated the 'Khadi Movement' to encourage the use of fabrics like khadi or jute. This movement was a crucial part of the larger 'Non-co-operation Movement,' which advocated for Indian goods and discouraged foreign ones. Gandhi strongly supported agriculture and encouraged people to engage in farming. He inspired Indians to embrace manual labour and emphasized self-reliance, urging them to provide for their needs and lead simple lives. He began weaving cotton clothes using the Charkha to reduce dependence on foreign goods and promote Swadeshi products among Indians.

During the fight for India's freedom, Gandhiji faced imprisonment several times along with his followers, but his main goal was always the freedom of his motherland. Even when he was in prison, he never chose the path of violence.

Mahatma Gandhi made significant contributions to various social issues. His efforts against 'untouchability' while he was in Yerwada Jail, where he went on a hunger strike against this ancient social evil, greatly helped uplift the oppressed community in modern times. He also emphasized the importance of education, cleanliness, health, and equality in society.

These qualities defined him as a person with a great soul and justified his transformation from Gandhi to Mahatma. He led many freedom movements, including the "Quit India Movement," which was highly successful. His death was a huge loss to the forces of peace and democracy, leaving a significant void in the nation's life.

Gopal Krishna Gokhale, a prominent Indian nationalist leader, significantly influenced Mahatma Gandhi's political ideology and leadership approach. Gandhi considered him his political teacher.

Mahatma Gandhi played a crucial role in India's fight for freedom from British rule. His life was dedicated to serving his country and its people, and he became an international symbol of Indian leadership. Even today, he continues to inspire and motivate young people worldwide with his values and principles.

Gandhi Ji was known for his strong sense of discipline. He emphasized the importance of self-discipline in achieving significant goals, a principle he applied in promoting his philosophy of Ahimsa (non-violence). Through his own life, he demonstrated that rigorous discipline can lead to the realization of any objective, provided we remain committed and dedicated. These qualities established him as a revered and respected leader whose influence extends far beyond his lifetime. His ideals continue to resonate not only in India but also around the world.

Read About:- Speech on Mahatma Gandhi Jayanti in English

Mahatma Gandhi Essay in English 300 Words

Mahatma Gandhi, born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, India, is celebrated as one of the most influential leaders in modern history. Known as the "Father of the Nation" in India, Gandhi is renowned for his role in leading the country to independence from British rule through his philosophy of non-violence and truth.

Gandhi’s approach, known as Satyagraha, involved peaceful resistance and civil disobedience. He firmly believed that truth and non-violence were powerful tools for social and political change. His leadership in movements like the Salt March, where he walked 240 miles to protest British salt taxes, demonstrated his commitment to justice without resorting to violence.

Throughout his life, Gandhi also worked tirelessly to improve the conditions of the poor and oppressed, advocating for social reforms and battling against untouchability. His dedication to these causes earned him respect and admiration in India and worldwide.

Gandhi’s teachings extended beyond India, inspiring global leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela, who adopted his principles in their struggles for justice and equality. His emphasis on peaceful conflict resolution and his belief in the power of individual and collective action continue to influence social movements today.

Gandhi’s legacy is not just in his role in India's independence but also in his enduring principles of peace, equality, and integrity. As we remember him on October 2nd, Gandhi Jayanti, let us reflect on his teachings and strive to incorporate his values into our own lives, fostering a world of understanding and respect.

Also Check:- Mahatma Gandhi Biography

Short Essay on Mahatma Gandhi 200 Words

Mahatma Gandhi, born on October 2, 1869, is celebrated as a key figure in India’s struggle for independence. Known as the “Father of the Nation,” Gandhi championed the principles of non-violence and truth. His approach, called Satyagraha, involved peaceful protests and civil disobedience to challenge British rule.

One of his most notable campaigns was the Salt March of 1930, where he walked over 240 miles to protest the British monopoly on salt. This act of peaceful resistance mobilized millions and drew international attention to India’s quest for freedom.

Gandhi also worked to improve social conditions, fighting against untouchability and promoting unity among different communities. His commitment to simplicity, truth, and non-violence made a significant impact, both in India and globally.

His teachings influenced many leaders and movements around the world, reinforcing the power of peaceful resistance. Today, Gandhi’s legacy continues to inspire people to resolve conflicts with compassion and integrity. As we remember him, let’s strive to embody his values in our own lives, fostering a more just and peaceful world.

Know About: The Famous Speeches of Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi Essay in English 10 Lines

Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, India.

He is known as the "Father of the Nation" for his role in India’s independence.

Gandhi led the fight for freedom using non-violence and truth.

His method of peaceful protest is called Satyagraha.

One of his major actions was the Salt March in 1930, protesting British salt taxes.

Gandhi fought against untouchability and worked to improve the lives of the poor.

His principles of non-violence and civil disobedience inspired global leaders.

Gandhi's teachings influenced movements for justice and equality worldwide.

He was assassinated on January 30, 1948, by a person who opposed his views.

Gandhi’s legacy continues to inspire efforts towards peace and social justice today.

FAQs on Mahatma Gandhi Essay in English

1. What were the different movements that Gandhi started in order to bring Independence to India?

In order to bring freedom, Gandhi started the Satyagraha movement in 1919, the non-cooperation movement in 1921, and Civil Disobedience movement in 1930 and the Quit India movement in 1942.

2. Who killed Mahatma Gandhi?

A young man named Nathuram Godse killed Mahatma Gandhi when he was going to attend an evening prayer meeting.

3. Why is Gandhi known as the ‘Father of the Nation’?

Mahatma Gandhi is known as the ‘Father of the Nation’ because he laid the true foundation of independent India with his noble ideals and supreme sacrifice.

4. How do we commemorate Mahatma Gandhi’s contribution to our Nation?

His birthday on 2 nd October is celebrated as a National Holiday across the nation in order to commemorate his great contributions and sacrifices for the country’s independence.

5. What are the things we should learn from Mahatma Gandhi?

There are various things one can learn from Gandhiji. The principles that he followed and preached for his entire generation and for generations to come are commendable. He believed in ‘Ahimsa’ and taught people how any war in the world can be won through non-violence. Simply state one can learn the following principles from Gandhiji-

Nonviolence, 

Respect for elders,

6. What did Gandhi do for India?

Mahatma Gandhi played a crucial role in India’s independence by leading peaceful protests and advocating for non-violence through his Satyagraha philosophy. He organised major movements like the Salt March and Quit India Movement to challenge British rule. Gandhi also worked to improve social conditions by fighting untouchability and promoting economic self-reliance. His efforts inspired millions and laid the foundation for India’s journey to freedom and social reform.

7. What was the life journey of Mahatma Gandhi?

Mahatma Gandhi’s life journey began with his birth in 1869 in Porbandar, India, and continued with legal studies in London. After experiencing racial discrimination in South Africa, he developed his philosophy of non-violence, which he later applied in India’s struggle for independence. Through pivotal campaigns like the Salt March and Quit India Movement, Gandhi led a peaceful fight against British rule, championed social reforms, and left a lasting legacy of peace and justice.

8. What is the importance of Gandhi?

Mahatma Gandhi is important for his pioneering role in using non-violence and peaceful resistance to fight for India's independence from British rule. His philosophy of Satyagraha inspired millions and influenced global movements for civil rights and social justice. Gandhi’s efforts in promoting social reforms, such as fighting untouchability and advocating for economic self-reliance, impacted Indian society. His legacy continues to inspire people worldwide to pursue justice and equality through peaceful means.

9. Why is Mahatma Gandhi a great leader?

Mahatma Gandhi was a great leader because he successfully led India’s fight for independence using non-violent methods, demonstrating immense courage and moral integrity. His philosophy of Satyagraha, or truth force, inspired millions to seek justice through peaceful resistance. Gandhi’s commitment to social reforms, such as fighting discrimination and promoting self-reliance, showcased his dedication to improving society. His leadership achieved national independence and left a lasting global legacy of peace and non-violence.

10. Why was Gandhi called Mahatma?

Gandhi was called "Mahatma," which means "great soul" or "venerable one," due to his profound commitment to truth and non-violence. The title was given to him as a mark of respect and admiration for his moral and ethical leadership. His selfless dedication to India's struggle for independence and his efforts to uplift the oppressed earned him this esteemed honour. The name "Mahatma" reflects people's deep reverence for his character and his contributions to humanity.

Mahatma Gandhi’s Leadership Report

Executive summary, introduction, gandhi’s leadership style and behaviour, gandhi’s transformative and transactional leadership, gandhi’s use of power, reference list.

Mahatma Gandhi is perhaps the greatest leader of the millennium. His leadership pioneered peaceful and non-violent civil disobedience and set the stage for the development of human rights. Ghandi used transformative, people-centred, charismatic and servant leadership to lobby for India’s independence from the British. He was particularly a good power manager and never rose above his followers.

He voluntarily decided to be poor, fasted for days as a way of passing his disapproval and even dressed in the same way as his followers. Gandhi set a legacy that has been instrumental in the fight for freedom. This report discusses Gandhi’s leadership style and behaviour, and his power management skills.

Mahatma Gandhi was a great leader. When one reads his many famous quotes, there is no doubt that they were informed by an in-depth understanding of leadership (Nath 2010). Gandhi is no doubt among the greatest political personalities who lived during the twentieth century. His influence is far-reaching and he is credited to be the inspiration behind the leaders of the American Civil Rights Movement.

“Gandhi was born in Gujarat on October 2 nd 1869, and was assassinated on January 30 th 1948” (Yates 2013, p. 1). Mahatma was a charismatic leader, who was analytical and deliberate in his behaviour. A product of the colonial era Gandhi was interestingly inspired by the Bhagavad-Gita, which had been written many years before he was born. He was an orator, a politician, an intellectual and a writer.

He was indubitably a quite complex human being, one who believed in voluntary subordination and simplicity and yet had a strong stand about his vision for a free society. This report is an analysis of the behaviour and leadership style of Ghandi, the transactional and transformative aspects of his leadership and the way he used the power he had to help India gain Independence.

According to Dalglish and Miller (2010, p. 94), “A people-centred leader stresses concern for people”. Gandhi was such a leader. His people-minded leadership is confirmed by his ahimsa principle. Gandhi used this principle to urge his followers to love all humans regardless of whether they are their friends or enemies. The ahimsa principle was informed by his belief in non-violence ( Gandhis Non-violence n.d.).

Gandhi not only urged his followers to refrain from physically harming their opponents (the British) but he also urged them to avoid developing ill-will and hatred towards them. Therefore, non-violence was not all about avoiding physically harming the British. Mahatma believed that the colonialists in India needed to be convinced of their injustice and not to be punished ( Gandhis Non-violence n.d.).

It can therefore be argued that Gandhi was focussed on having a virtuous following while protesting against the injustices of the British colonialists. This proves the fact that he was a people-centred leader.

The Satyagraha principle, that was basically an extension of ahimsa principle, was also instrumental in the fight against colonialism by the British. It means ‘soul-force’ and it advocated for a firm stand on the ideals that the Indian populace held, but without ill-will and hatred. Its form in the public domain was civil disobedience as well as failure to cooperate with evil.

The former involved breaking unjust laws while the latter involved non-compliance with unjust systems. “The Salt March of 1930 was one of Gandhi’s greatest successes in civil disobedience. Salt was necessary to the life of Indian farmers’ cattle, and the British monopoly on salt production had led to massive taxes on the vital substance” ( Gandhis Non-violence n.d., p. 1).

After Gandhi broke the British Salt Law, a myriad of Indians followed his example and broke the law too. It also encouraged them to break other oppressive laws. This is proof of people centred leadership because Gandhi empowered the masses to reject oppression through civil disobedience. The second element of Satyagraha did not involve breaking laws.

They accomplished it by avoiding British products, getting out of schools established by the British and so forth. This led to halting of production systems that were set up by the British ( Gandhis Non-violence n.d.).

“Research showed that people centred leadership is not consistently related to productivity but does tend to enhance group satisfaction and cohesiveness” (Dalglish & Miller 2010, p. 94). Gandhi had the potential to move and inspire masses in India. He was particularly good at empowering people, making common Indians engage in the struggle for independence and making them realize the progress they had made after each protest.

He toured the whole of India and personally led all major movements in the country, repeatedly holding public meetings with his supporters (Gupta 2008). He was always accessible to others and thus they became connected to him and shared his vision, making the whole of India resistant to British oppression.

Transformative leadership

Transformative leadership theory has evolved with time but is remains an invaluable part of contemporary leadership literature. Dalglish and Miller (2010) describe transformational leadership as a style of leadership that seeks to change the current state of affairs by accomplishing three main tasks. Firstly, the leader connects with his followers and instils in them a sense of a greater purpose.

Secondly, the leader frames the issues at hand such that they relate with both the followers’ and leader’s values and vision (Pillai 2011). Lastly, the leader ensures that he/she upholds the morals necessary for the achievement of the vision, often at a level much higher than that of his/her followers.

This way, the followers strive to emulate the leader and this leads to change of status quo (Dalglish & Miller 2010). Gandhi has been cited in various literatures as the embodiment of transformative leadership (McDowelle 2009). This section investigates the transformative aspects of Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership.

Gandhi was imprisoned for a long period, and fasted for so long that his health was threatened. He intended to use this as a way of sending a message to the Indian populace and the colonialists. He created a moral vision that was transformative in nature and “based on what he called truth” (McDowelle 2009, p. 1).

His way of protesting therefore made him win the feelings and emotions of his followers, a key component of transformational leadership (Lowe, Kroeck & Sivasubramaniam 1996).

Aluya (2009) describes Mahatma as a transformational and a spiritual leader. “His leadership style transcended the polarization of ethnic or religious boundaries and was regarded as the father of the Indian Nation” (Aluya 2009, p. 4).

Mahatma’s leadership style that advocated for non-violence was recently recognized by the declaration of October second, his “birthday, as the International Day of Non-Violence” (Aluya, 2009, p. 4) by the UN (United Nations). It is important to note that transformative leaders share many attributes with charismatic leaders (Harith 2012), and thus Mahatma was a charismatic leader as well.

Transactional leadership

Dalglish and Miller (2010, p. 139) define transactional leadership as the form of leadership that “is characterized by leaders and followers being in an exchange relationship”. Transactional leadership is transitory in nature and thus the parties may part ways after the completion of the transaction.

This is the main downside of transactional leadership (Dalglish & Miller 2010). Gandhi’s leadership can be viewed to have a transaction that is not so obvious to discern. Indian masses needed independence from the British (Palshikar 2008) and Gandhi was in the process of self discovery and self development.

After being an non-practicing lawyer for some time, Gandhi had made a resolution to follow a higher calling; ensuring that people get justice through his leadership. It is therefore arguable that he needed the support of the Indian populace, after coming back from South Africa, if he was to fulfil his dream of a just society.

Mahatma achieved transactional leadership after winning the hearts of the populace and the attention of the British through imprisonment and fasting. He however delivered his part of the exchange much later; after India gained independence from Britain (Aarons 2007).

Transformational leaders get their power from influencing and inspiring the masses to believe in the same things they believe in, and their ability to stimulate the populace to act in a certain way in order to realize a common goal (Lai 2011).

Gandhi was a transformational leader and therefore he gained his power by empowering the people to resist oppressive laws and share a common vision of an India independent from British colonialism.

While the majority of leaders elevate themselves with symbols of power, Gandhi was a symbol of the people he served (Barnabas & Clifford 2012). Gandhi dressed in loin cloth like his followers and voluntarily accepted to be poor in order to serve people better.

Although he had power in the way he could control Indian masses, Gandhi was more of a people’s servant than a power-bearer. Gandhi can therefore be described as a servant leader who understood the need for voluntary subordination in service (Barnabas & Clifford 2012).

Gandhi used the power of his vision as the guiding principle of his protests. “He could write the most complex intellectual work to be sure his point was understood. Yet, he could express the feelings of his followers in the most simple and eloquent ways” (Yates 2013, p. 3). He indubitably had great intellectual power, which he did not show off to the British.

He instead used his intellectual power to influence people in order to rally support for rejection of oppression and colonialism. An example of how he appropriately used his intellectual power is when he collected a handful of salt from the beach, an action that was against the Salt Law and an expression of freedom from oppressive laws, and that was meant to show his disapproval of the aforementioned law.

This act was copies by many Indians and led to imprisonment of many. The protest against the Salt Law is however credited as a major step towards the independence of India (Yates 2013).

Gandhi also drew power from his disregard for himself and fearlessness. He singlehandedly halted slaughter in Bengal by meeting combatants without fearing for his life. This meeting was preceded by a fearless fasting period. It is important to note that his use of non-violence and disregard for himself were his greatest weapons. Gandhi also drew power from the aspects of transformative leadership that he exhibited.

This power is described by Shields (2010, p. 567) as “the ability of the leader to reach the souls of others in a fashion which raises human consciousness, builds meanings, and inspires human intent that is the source of power”. After gaining such power, Gandhi used servant leadership to lead his followers and thus he never acted in a way suggesting that he took credit for beginning the revolution.

His way of disobedience had a great influence on leaders all over the world. Some of the leaders who got their inspiration from Gandhi include Martin Luther King and his counterpart in American Civil Rights Movement, Malcolm X (Yates 2013).

From the above discussion, it is apparent that Mahatma’s leadership style can be summarized into four leadership styles. These are transformational leadership, people-oriented leadership, servant leadership and charismatic leadership. Gandhi was a special and remarkable individual and thus his leadership was more or less a legacy.

His disregard for himself in the fight for freedom and use of non-violence transformed civil disobedience and influenced civil movements throughout the world. He was commendably the inspiration behind Martin Luther King’s advocacy for dialogue and peaceful protests during the American Civil Rights Movement that took place in the mid-twentieth century.

Among the most interesting things about Gandhi was the way he used the power that had been bestowed upon him by his followers. Gandhi lived like one of them and interacted with them freely.

He never misused the power he had over the masses and only used it to stage civil disobedience against oppressive laws and colonization. Gandhi frequently fasted for days as a way of showing disapproval of British laws and behaviour. He was ready to die for his country that at one time he faced a battalion alone. He died by assassination and became an inspiration to many people around the world.

Aarons, G. 2007, ‘Transformational and Transactional Leadership: Association With Attitudes Towards Evidence-Based Practice’, Psychiatric Services , vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 1162-1169, National Centre for Biotechnology Information. Web.

Aluya, D. 2009, Complexity of Leadership, Organizations and the Real Estate Industry , Author House, Bloomington, IN.

Barnabas, A., Clifford, P. 2012, ‘ Mahatma Gandhi – An Indian Model of Servant Leadership ’, International Journal of Leadership Studies , vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 133-154. Web.

Dalglish, C. & Miller, P. 2010, Leadership: Understanding its Global Impact , Tilde University Press, Australia. Gandhi’s Non-Violence . Web.

Gupta, A. 2008, Gandhi: An Exemplary Leader. Web.

Harith, S. 2012, Different Styles of Leadership . Web.

Lai, A. 2011, ‘Transformational-Transactional Leadership Theory’, AHS Capstone. Projects , Paper 17. Web.

Lowe, K., Kroeck, K. & Sivasubramaniam, N. 1996. ‘ Effectiveness correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic review of the MLQ literature ’, The Leadership Quarterly , vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 385-415. Web.

McDowelle, J. 2009, ‘A Contemporary Consideration of Transformative Leadership’, Journal of Curriculum and Instruction , vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1-5, East Carolina University. Web.

Nath, S. 2010, Mahatma Gandhi’s Leadership Styles in Management . Web.

Palshikar, K. 2008, Charismatic Leadership . Web.

Pillai, M. 2011, 5 Effective leadership styles . Web.

Shields, C. 2010, ‘Transformative Leadership: Working for Equity in Diverse Contexts’, Educational Administration Quarterly , vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 558-589, Sage Journals. Web.

Yates, M. 2013, Gandhi . Web.

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Mahatma Gandhi

By: History.com Editors

Updated: June 6, 2019 | Original: July 30, 2010

Revered the world over for his nonviolent philosophy of passive resistance, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was known to his many followers as Mahatma, or “the great-souled one.” He began his activism as an Indian immigrant in South Africa in the early 1900s, and in the years following World War I became the leading figure in India’s struggle to gain independence from Great Britain. Known for his ascetic lifestyle–he often dressed only in a loincloth and shawl–and devout Hindu faith, Gandhi was imprisoned several times during his pursuit of non-cooperation, and undertook a number of hunger strikes to protest the oppression of India’s poorest classes, among other injustices. After Partition in 1947, he continued to work toward peace between Hindus and Muslims. Gandhi was shot to death in Delhi in January 1948 by a Hindu fundamentalist.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, at Porbandar, in the present-day Indian state of Gujarat. His father was the dewan (chief minister) of Porbandar; his deeply religious mother was a devoted practitioner of Vaishnavism (worship of the Hindu god Vishnu), influenced by Jainism, an ascetic religion governed by tenets of self-discipline and nonviolence. At the age of 19, Mohandas left home to study law in London at the Inner Temple, one of the city’s four law colleges. Upon returning to India in mid-1891, he set up a law practice in Bombay, but met with little success. He soon accepted a position with an Indian firm that sent him to its office in South Africa. Along with his wife, Kasturbai, and their children, Gandhi remained in South Africa for nearly 20 years.

Did you know? In the famous Salt March of April-May 1930, thousands of Indians followed Gandhi from Ahmadabad to the Arabian Sea. The march resulted in the arrest of nearly 60,000 people, including Gandhi himself.

Gandhi was appalled by the discrimination he experienced as an Indian immigrant in South Africa. When a European magistrate in Durban asked him to take off his turban, he refused and left the courtroom. On a train voyage to Pretoria, he was thrown out of a first-class railway compartment and beaten up by a white stagecoach driver after refusing to give up his seat for a European passenger. That train journey served as a turning point for Gandhi, and he soon began developing and teaching the concept of satyagraha (“truth and firmness”), or passive resistance, as a way of non-cooperation with authorities.

The Birth of Passive Resistance

In 1906, after the Transvaal government passed an ordinance regarding the registration of its Indian population, Gandhi led a campaign of civil disobedience that would last for the next eight years. During its final phase in 1913, hundreds of Indians living in South Africa, including women, went to jail, and thousands of striking Indian miners were imprisoned, flogged and even shot. Finally, under pressure from the British and Indian governments, the government of South Africa accepted a compromise negotiated by Gandhi and General Jan Christian Smuts, which included important concessions such as the recognition of Indian marriages and the abolition of the existing poll tax for Indians.

In July 1914, Gandhi left South Africa to return to India. He supported the British war effort in World War I but remained critical of colonial authorities for measures he felt were unjust. In 1919, Gandhi launched an organized campaign of passive resistance in response to Parliament’s passage of the Rowlatt Acts, which gave colonial authorities emergency powers to suppress subversive activities. He backed off after violence broke out–including the massacre by British-led soldiers of some 400 Indians attending a meeting at Amritsar–but only temporarily, and by 1920 he was the most visible figure in the movement for Indian independence.

6 Things You Might Not Know About Gandhi

The iconic Indian activist, known for his principle of nonviolent resistance, had humble beginnings and left an outsized legacy.

When Gandhi’s Salt March Rattled British Colonial Rule

In March 1930, Mahatma Gandhi and his followers set off on a brisk 241‑mile march to the Arabian Sea town of Dandi to lay Indian claim to the nation's own salt.

Assassination of Gandhi

Passive Resistance For some 50 years, Gandhi, born on October 2, 1869, and called “Mahatma” (“great‑souled” in Sanskrit), fought for India’s independence from Britain, practicing civil disobedience and peaceful protests that included fasting, boycotts and marches. He was an adherent of satyagraha (“truth‑force”), a passive political resistance he defined as “a weapon of the strongest […]

Leader of a Movement

As part of his nonviolent non-cooperation campaign for home rule, Gandhi stressed the importance of economic independence for India. He particularly advocated the manufacture of khaddar, or homespun cloth, in order to replace imported textiles from Britain. Gandhi’s eloquence and embrace of an ascetic lifestyle based on prayer, fasting and meditation earned him the reverence of his followers, who called him Mahatma (Sanskrit for “the great-souled one”). Invested with all the authority of the Indian National Congress (INC or Congress Party), Gandhi turned the independence movement into a massive organization, leading boycotts of British manufacturers and institutions representing British influence in India, including legislatures and schools.

After sporadic violence broke out, Gandhi announced the end of the resistance movement, to the dismay of his followers. British authorities arrested Gandhi in March 1922 and tried him for sedition; he was sentenced to six years in prison but was released in 1924 after undergoing an operation for appendicitis. He refrained from active participation in politics for the next several years, but in 1930 launched a new civil disobedience campaign against the colonial government’s tax on salt, which greatly affected Indian’s poorest citizens.

A Divided Movement

In 1931, after British authorities made some concessions, Gandhi again called off the resistance movement and agreed to represent the Congress Party at the Round Table Conference in London. Meanwhile, some of his party colleagues–particularly Mohammed Ali Jinnah, a leading voice for India’s Muslim minority–grew frustrated with Gandhi’s methods, and what they saw as a lack of concrete gains. Arrested upon his return by a newly aggressive colonial government, Gandhi began a series of hunger strikes in protest of the treatment of India’s so-called “untouchables” (the poorer classes), whom he renamed Harijans, or “children of God.” The fasting caused an uproar among his followers and resulted in swift reforms by the Hindu community and the government.

In 1934, Gandhi announced his retirement from politics in, as well as his resignation from the Congress Party, in order to concentrate his efforts on working within rural communities. Drawn back into the political fray by the outbreak of World War II , Gandhi again took control of the INC, demanding a British withdrawal from India in return for Indian cooperation with the war effort. Instead, British forces imprisoned the entire Congress leadership, bringing Anglo-Indian relations to a new low point.

Partition and Death of Gandhi

After the Labor Party took power in Britain in 1947, negotiations over Indian home rule began between the British, the Congress Party and the Muslim League (now led by Jinnah). Later that year, Britain granted India its independence but split the country into two dominions: India and Pakistan. Gandhi strongly opposed Partition, but he agreed to it in hopes that after independence Hindus and Muslims could achieve peace internally. Amid the massive riots that followed Partition, Gandhi urged Hindus and Muslims to live peacefully together, and undertook a hunger strike until riots in Calcutta ceased.

In January 1948, Gandhi carried out yet another fast, this time to bring about peace in the city of Delhi. On January 30, 12 days after that fast ended, Gandhi was on his way to an evening prayer meeting in Delhi when he was shot to death by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu fanatic enraged by Mahatma’s efforts to negotiate with Jinnah and other Muslims. The next day, roughly 1 million people followed the procession as Gandhi’s body was carried in state through the streets of the city and cremated on the banks of the holy Jumna River.

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Mahatma Gandhi Essay for Students in English - 100, 200, 500 Words Essay

Gandhiji was a great believer in ahimsa, or nonviolence, and pursued the path of Satya Vachan, or truthfulness. He was a humble person who taught the people of India to be simple and self-sufficient. People from all walks of life adored and admired him. Here are a few sample essays on Mahatma Gandhi ji highlighting his contributions to India as a freedom fighter and his principles of living life.

100 Words Essay On Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi is known as the Mahatma for his outstanding deeds throughout his life. This title of Mahatma was given to him by Rabindranath Tagore, the Bengali poet and philosopher. Mahatma Gandhi was a renowned freedom warrior and non-violent campaigner who lived his life following nonviolence while pushing India to independence from British control.

He was only 18 years old while studying law in England. Later, he travelled to the British colony of South Africa to practise law, where he was distinguished from the light-skinned population due to his black skin. That is why he became a political activist to effect good change in such inequitable legislation.

Later, he returned to India and launched a formidable and nonviolent struggle to achieve India's independence. In 1930, he led the Salt March (Namak Satyagrah, Salt Satyagrah, or Dandi March). He motivated many Indians to fight for their freedom from British tyranny.

200 Words Essay On Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi, born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat India, was a prominent Indian leader who led India in its fight for freedom from British control. He finished his education in India before moving to England to study law. He began assisting the people of India who had been humiliated and abused by British rule. To combat British oppression, Gandhi chose the path of non-violence.

Campaigns | Gandhi was ridiculed several times, yet he persisted in his nonviolent campaign for India's independence. He was a renowned leader of the Indian independence movement who fought hard for India's freedom. After returning to India, he initiated independence campaigns such as non-cooperation, civil disobedience, and, subsequently, the Quit India Movement, all of which successfully contributed to India's independence.

Struggle For Freedom | As an impactful freedom fighter, Gandhi was jailed and imprisoned several times, yet he persisted in battling against British tyranny for Indian justice. He was a firm believer in nonviolence and the solidarity of people of all faiths, which he upheld throughout his campaign for independence. After several struggles with many Indians, he and other freedom fighters were eventually successful in establishing India as an independent country on August 15, 1947. Later, he was assassinated by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu activist, on January 30' 1948.

500 Words Essay On Mahatma Gandhi

In India, Mahatma Gandhi is known as "Bapu" or "Rastrapita." Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is his full name. And, like the title conferred upon him, his sacrifices for the country and attempts to make his principles a reality are a source of immense pride for Indians worldwide.

Gandhi’s Childhood

Gandhi was born in Porbandar, Gujarat, India, on October 2, 1869. He grew up in a Hindu home and mainly ate vegetarian meals. His father, Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi, was the Dewan of Porbandar State. He was the first to launch a peaceful protest movement in South Africa, distinguishing him from other demonstrators. Mahatma Gandhi also coined Satyagraha, a nonviolent method of fighting injustice.

Gandhi’s Principles

Gandhi was well-known for his strict discipline. He was a man of ethics, principles, and discipline who continues to inspire and encourage young people worldwide. He was always preaching the value of self-discipline in life. He thought it would aid in achieving larger aims, which he also used to promote his Ahimsa ideas. As he demonstrated in his life, rigorous discipline can help us accomplish any objective if we attempt to stay and commit ourselves to it. These characteristics made him a man with a great spirit and justified his transformation from Gandhi to Mahatma.

Contribution To Freedom Struggle

Mahatma Gandhi's impact on numerous societal concerns cannot be overstated.

Khadi Movement | Mahatma Gandhi launched the 'Khadi Movement' to promote using natural fibres such as khadi and jute. The Khadi Movement was part of the larger "Non-cooperation Movement," which supported the use of Indian goods and discouraged foreign goods.

Agriculture | Mahatma Gandhi was a major advocate of agriculture and encouraged people to work in agriculture.

Self-Sufficiency | He urged Indians to engage in physical labour and advised them to gather resources to live a simple life and become self-sufficient. He began weaving cotton clothing with Charkha to avoid using foreign goods and encouraged the use of Swadeshi items among Indians.

Untouchability | During his detention in the Yerwada Jail, where he fasted against the age-old scourge of 'untouchability' in society, he tremendously aided the community's upliftment in the modern day. He also promoted education, hygiene, health, and equality in society.

Secularism | Gandhi made yet another contribution: secularism. He held that no religion should have a monopoly on truth. Mahatma Gandhi promoted inter-religious friendship.

Campaigns Gandhi Led

During the Indian Independence fight, Gandhi suffered and was imprisoned multiple times with his supporters, but independence for his country remained his primary desire. Even after being imprisoned, he never returned to the path of violence. He led various liberation movements and founded the "Quit India Movement." The Quit India Campaign was a huge success. Mahatma Gandhi was a crucial contributor to India's freedom from British domination. In 1930, Mahatma Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience Movement. It was a behaviour that entailed refusing to obey any oppressive instructions or regulations. As a result, this tactic and its enforcers were subjected to severe violence and cruelty.

Gandhi’s death was the most devastating blow to the causes of peace and democracy. His demise left a massive void in the hearts of the people of India.

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Short Essay: Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi, also known as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, remains one of the most iconic figures in world history, renowned for his philosophy of non-violence and pivotal role in India’s struggle for independence. Writing a short essay on Gandhi requires not just a recount of his life but an exploration of his legacy and ideas. Here’s how to construct a thoughtful and informative essay on this influential leader.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Begin your essay with a compelling introduction that captures the essence of Gandhi’s impact. You might start with a significant event from his life or a summary statement that encapsulates his philosophy.

The body of your essay should be structured around key aspects of Gandhi’s life and work. Here’s a suggested outline:

• Briefly outline Gandhi’s early life, his studies in England, and his work in South Africa, which shaped his social and political views.
• Discuss the influence of religious texts and thinkers on Gandhi, such as the Bhagavad Gita and writers like Tolstoy and Thoreau.
• Explain the concept of Ahimsa and how Gandhi applied it to the Indian independence movement.
• Discuss Satyagraha, or the force of truth, as Gandhi’s method for non-violent resistance.
• Detail key events led by Gandhi, such as the Salt March and the Quit India Movement, illustrating how his strategies of non-violence were implemented.
• Reflect on his arrests and how they bolstered public support for independence.
• Analyze the impact of Gandhi’s methods on later civil rights movements, particularly in the U.S. with leaders like Martin Luther King Jr., and in South Africa with Nelson Mandela.
• Discuss criticisms of Gandhi, including his experiments with celibacy, his views on caste, and his role during religious tensions.

Conclude your essay by summarizing Gandhi’s contributions and reflecting on the relevance of his teachings in today’s world. You might also consider posing a question or thought that encourages further contemplation of his philosophies.

Mahatma Gandhi Essay Example #1

Mahatma Gandhi, the father of the Indian nation, was a prominent nationalist leader who played a significant role in India’s struggle for independence from British colonial rule. He was a man of great integrity, courage, and wisdom, who devoted his life to the service of his people and the world at large. Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience has inspired generations of leaders and activists worldwide to fight for justice and equality. In this essay, we will explore the life and legacy of Mahatma Gandhi and his impact on the world.

Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, a coastal town in present-day Gujarat, India. He was the youngest child of Karamchand Gandhi, a prominent lawyer, and Putlibai Gandhi, a devout Hindu. Gandhi was a shy and introverted child, who was deeply influenced by his mother’s religious and moral teachings. He was educated in India and later in London, where he studied law. After completing his studies, Gandhi returned to India and began his legal practice in Bombay. However, he was not satisfied with his profession and soon became involved in social and political work.

Gandhi’s activism began in South Africa, where he lived for more than 20 years. He was shocked by the discrimination and violence faced by the Indian community in South Africa and became their spokesperson. Gandhi’s struggle against racial discrimination in South Africa led to the development of his philosophy of Satyagraha, or truth-force. He believed that nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience were the most effective means of achieving social and political change. Gandhi’s use of nonviolent resistance inspired many other civil rights movements around the world, including the American civil rights movement led by Martin Luther King Jr.

Gandhi’s return to India in 1915 marked the beginning of his involvement in the Indian independence movement. He became the leader of the Indian National Congress, which was the main political organization fighting for India’s freedom from British colonial rule. Gandhi’s approach to the independence struggle was based on nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience. He organized mass protests, strikes, and boycotts of British goods and institutions, which often led to violent clashes with the authorities. However, Gandhi always insisted on nonviolence and urged his followers to remain peaceful, even in the face of brutal repression.

Gandhi’s leadership and philosophy had a profound impact on the Indian independence movement. He inspired millions of Indians to join the struggle for freedom and helped to unite the diverse Indian society against the common enemy of British colonialism. Gandhi’s vision of a free and independent India was based on the principles of democracy, equality, and social justice. He advocated for the rights of women, Dalits (formerly known as untouchables), and other marginalized groups. Gandhi’s legacy in India and the world is immense, and his philosophy of nonviolent resistance continues to inspire social and political movements around the globe.

Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948, by a Hindu extremist who opposed his policy of nonviolence and religious tolerance. Gandhi’s death was a great loss to India and the world, but his legacy lives on. Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience has inspired many leaders and activists to fight for justice and equality. His teachings on social and political change are still relevant today, as the world faces many challenges such as poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation. Gandhi’s message of love, compassion, and truth is a beacon of hope for all humanity, and his life and legacy will continue to inspire generations to come.

Mahatma Gandhi was a visionary leader, who dedicated his life to the service of his people and the world at large. He was a man of great integrity, courage, and wisdom, who inspired millions of people to fight for justice and equality. Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience has had a profound impact on the world, and his teachings are still relevant today. Gandhi’s legacy is one of love, compassion, and truth, and his life and work will continue to inspire generations to come.

Mahatma Gandhi Essay Example 2

Mahatma Gandhi is a name that is synonymous with India’s struggle for independence from British rule. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in modern history, whose philosophy of nonviolent resistance has inspired countless movements for social and political change. Gandhi’s legacy continues to inspire people globally to fight for justice and equality through peaceful means. In this essay, I will explore the life and legacy of Mahatma Gandhi, focusing on his role in India’s struggle for independence, his philosophy of nonviolence, and his lasting impact on the world.

Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, a coastal town in present-day Gujarat, India. He was the youngest of four sons and was raised in a Hindu family. In 1888, Gandhi traveled to London to study law at University College London. After completing his studies, he returned to India in 1891 and started his law practice in Bombay.

Despite his successful career as a lawyer, Gandhi became increasingly involved in India’s struggle for independence from British rule. In 1915, he returned to India from South Africa, where he had been living and working for many years, and quickly became a prominent nationalist leader. He advocated for Indian independence through nonviolent means, and his philosophy of Satyagraha, or “truth force,” became a guiding principle for the Indian independence movement.

Gandhi’s leadership was instrumental in India’s struggle for independence from British rule, which culminated in 1947 when India gained its independence. Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence inspired countless others around the world, including civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. in the United States.

Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence was rooted in his belief that all people are equal and that violence only begets more violence. He believed that nonviolence was a more powerful weapon than violence, and that it could be used to achieve social and political change without harming others.

Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence was put to the test during India’s struggle for independence. He led mass protests, boycotts, and other forms of civil disobedience, all of which were carried out peacefully. Gandhi’s commitment to nonviolence inspired millions of Indians to join the independence movement, and his leadership helped to unite the country in its struggle for freedom.

Gandhi’s legacy of nonviolence has inspired countless others around the world to fight for social and political change through peaceful means. His philosophy has been used by civil rights and social justice movements around the world, including in the United States, South Africa, and Latin America.

Gandhi’s legacy continues to inspire people around the world to fight for justice and equality through peaceful means. His philosophy of nonviolence has been used by countless movements for social and political change, and his ideas continue to be studied and discussed by scholars and activists alike.

Gandhi’s life and legacy serve as a reminder of the power of peaceful resistance in the face of injustice and oppression. His commitment to nonviolence and his unwavering belief in the power of truth and justice have inspired generations of people to fight for a better world.

In conclusion, Mahatma Gandhi was a remarkable leader whose life and legacy continue to inspire people around the world. His philosophy of nonviolence and his commitment to social and political change through peaceful means have had a lasting impact on the world. Gandhi’s leadership was instrumental in India’s struggle for independence, and his ideas continue to guide movements for social and political change today. As we reflect on Gandhi’s life and legacy, we are reminded of the power of peaceful resistance in the face of injustice and oppression.

Mahatma Gandhi Essay Example 3

Mahatma Gandhi is an iconic figure in Indian history who played a crucial role in India’s independence movement. He was a leader, activist, philosopher, and politician who dedicated his life to achieving social justice and political freedom for his country. Gandhi’s teachings on nonviolent civil disobedience and his philosophy of satyagraha have inspired social justice movements around the world. In this essay, I will delve into the life, works, and legacy of Mahatma Gandhi.

Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat. He was the youngest child of Karamchand Gandhi, a chief minister in Porbandar, and his fourth wife, Putlibai. Gandhi was a bright student who completed his primary education in India and moved to London to study law in 1888. After completing his education, he returned to India in 1891 and started his legal practice in Bombay. However, Gandhi was not satisfied with his career and began to take an interest in social and political issues. In 1915, he became the leader of the Indian National Congress and started his campaign for Indian independence. Gandhi’s leadership and advocacy for nonviolent civil disobedience became the backbone of India’s independence movement.

Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolent civil disobedience, known as satyagraha, was the cornerstone of his political activism. Satyagraha means the force of truth and refers to the use of nonviolent resistance to achieve political change. Gandhi believed that peaceful means were the most effective way to bring about social and political change. His satyagraha campaigns included boycotts, strikes, and peaceful protests, which he led with unwavering courage and determination. Gandhi’s satyagraha campaigns inspired social justice movements around the world, including the civil rights movement in the United States.

Gandhi’s legacy as a political leader, activist, and philosopher is unparalleled. He is remembered as the father of the nation and a symbol of India’s struggle for independence. Gandhi’s teachings on nonviolence, truth, and social justice have inspired millions of people around the world. His philosophy of satyagraha continues to inspire social justice movements and political activism today. Gandhi’s life and works are a testament to the power of peaceful means to achieve political change.

Mahatma Gandhi’s life and works have had a profound impact on Indian history and the world. He was a leader, activist, and philosopher who dedicated his life to achieving social justice and political freedom. Gandhi’s teachings on nonviolent civil disobedience and his philosophy of satyagraha continue to inspire social justice movements and political activism today. His legacy as the father of the nation and a symbol of India’s struggle for independence will always be remembered.

Final Tips for Effective Writing

• Be Concise:  Given the essay’s short format, focus on a few key aspects of Gandhi’s life and work rather than attempting to cover everything.
• Use Reliable Sources:  Ensure your facts are accurate by referring to reputable biographies and historical texts.
• Reflect Deeply:  Gandhi was a complex figure with philosophies that have been both revered and criticized. A nuanced examination will enrich your essay.
• Proofread:  Always proofread your work for clarity, grammar, and punctuation to ensure a polished final piece.

About Mr. Greg

Mr. Greg is an English teacher from Edinburgh, Scotland, currently based in Hong Kong. He has over 5 years teaching experience and recently completed his PGCE at the University of Essex Online. In 2013, he graduated from Edinburgh Napier University with a BEng(Hons) in Computing, with a focus on social media.

Mr. Greg’s English Cloud was created in 2020 during the pandemic, aiming to provide students and parents with resources to help facilitate their learning at home.

In his spare time, he likes to compete in powerlifitng events and the odd strongman event!

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